3种不同培养基和1种测试片检测水溶性化妆品中菌落总数的结果分析

目的使用t检验法分析3种不同培养基和1种测试片检测水溶性化妆品中菌落总数结果。方法参照《化妆品安全技术规范》(2015年版),使用卵磷脂吐温80营养琼脂、TTC营养琼脂、平板计数琼脂方法进行样品菌落总数检测,然后使用Petrifilm TM菌落测试片检测样品。运用配对t检验法评价4种不同方法对水溶性化妆品中菌落总数计数结果一致性的影响。结果在10~2、10~3 CFU/m L 2种不同浓度,平板计数琼脂法结果波动性最大,无法抑制菌落蔓延,而TTC营养琼脂和菌落测试片相对卵磷脂吐温80营养琼脂,具有抑制菌落蔓延生长、提高计数结果准确性的作用。结论在一定浓度下,可根据实际情况来选择相应培养基检测水溶性化妆品中菌落总数以提高检测效率和质量。     

TTC在乳及乳制品菌落总数检测中的应用

检测乳及乳制品菌落总数,为达到菌落在培养基中清晰可辨,在平板计数琼脂培养基中添加2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑(TTC)。以灭菌乳、发酵乳、冰淇淋为样品基质,分别加入适当菌含量的大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、枯草芽胞杆菌工作菌悬液,制备适当浓度的TTC平板计数琼脂,同时以不添加TTC的平板计数琼脂作为对照,对同一样品进行菌落计数并同国标方法结果进行对比。TTC平板计数琼脂终浓度在0.001%~0.002%时能够使菌落显色,且与不添加TTC的对照组对比结果一致。在检测成分复杂的乳及乳制品样品时添加适宜浓度的TTC,有助于菌落的辨认,能够提高检验人员菌落计数的准确性,可用于检测乳及乳制品中菌落总数。     

MTT和TTC在嗜酸乳杆菌菌落计数中的应用

对MTT和TTC于嗜酸乳杆菌菌落计数的可行性进行了探讨。结果表明，当MTT或TTC69最终质量浓度为0．1～0.2g／L时菌落正常生长．而且显色效果明显。说明MTT和TTC可应用于嗜酸乳杆菌的计数。但MTT溶液在MRS培养基中超过45℃时就容易变色，这给实验操作带来一定的要求。用TTC进行培养时间的试验。结果，嗜酸乳杆菌在TTC-MRS中培养36h后，就能有效地进行菌落计数。这与用普通的MRS琼脂计数相比，时间大大缩短。     

牛奶中菌落总数检测纸片研制及检测效果研究

利用2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)与纸片相结合的方法,通过对纸材选择,纸片浸液配方中TTC添加浓度与胰蛋白胨、酵母膏、葡萄糖、磷酸氢二钾添加晕,以及纸片制备工艺条件的研究,制得可直接用于检测牛奶中菌落总数的纸片.结果表明:将定性中速滤纸浸到每100mLSA培养基中胰蛋白胨为0.3g、酵母青为0.10g、葡萄糖为0.025g、磷酸氢二钾为0.05g,TTC浓度为0.005%的纸片浸液中,于70℃浸渍60s,60℃烘干60min,制得的纸片能在18h测得菌落总数.检测结果与国家标准方法相符.     

婴幼儿米粉中菌落总数检测方法的比较

目的 比较5种不同方法检测婴幼儿米粉中菌落总数的检测效果, 确定最优的检测方法。方法 采用PCA直接倾注法、添加2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, TTC)方法、无菌滤网过滤基质方法、倾注后覆盖法、试纸片法分别测定10种婴幼儿米粉中的菌落总数。结果 5种方法检出率顺序为倾注后覆盖法＜PCA直接倾注法＜添加TTC法、试纸片法＜无菌滤网过滤法。倾注后覆盖法较PCA直接倾注法能有效地抑制容易蔓延生长的需氧细菌, 但两者受米粉基质的影响较大。添加TTC法能降低米粉基质对计数结果的干扰, 采用试纸片法能减少米粉基质和米片对计数的影响, 但两者都抑制平板中部分革兰氏阳性菌的生长, 导致计数结果偏低。采用无菌滤网过滤法能有效地消除米粉基质与米片的干扰, 且不受TTC对菌落的抑制因素影响。结论 在对婴幼儿米粉的菌落总数检测中, 无菌滤网过滤法优于其他4种方法。     

雪茄烟中霉菌计数方法的适用性评价

为明确霉菌计数方法对雪茄烟的适用性, 采用孟加拉红琼脂培养基、改良马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基和SYMPHONY Agar快速显色培养基对13种雪茄烟进行霉菌计数, 评价3种培养基在不同接种方式条件下雪茄烟中霉菌计数结果的一致性, 并对各霉菌计数方法进行比较。结果表明:①同种接种方式条件下, 3种培养基的霉菌计数结果的一致性较好;②相同培养基条件下, 平板涂布法操作更简便, 菌落分布均匀, 典型菌落更易判读;③3种霉菌计数培养基相比, SYMPHONY Agar快速显色培养基培养周期短, 霉菌典型菌落大小均匀, 更容易计数。因此, SYMPHONY Agar快速显色培养基和平板涂布法接种方式更适合于雪茄烟中的霉菌计数。      

TTC在嗜酸乳杆菌菌落计数中的应用

对TTC用于嗜酸乳杆菌菌落计数的可行性进行了探讨。结果表明,当TTC的最终浓度为0.1～0.2mg/mL时菌落正常生长,而且显色效果明显。说明TTC可应用于嗜酸乳杆菌的计数。用TTC进行培养时间的试验。结果,嗜酸乳杆菌在TTC-MRS中培养36h后,就能有效地进行菌落计数。这与用普通的MRS琼脂计数相比,时间大大缩短。     

护手霜中菌落总数测定用培养基的探讨

检测化妆品菌落总数时,为使菌落在培养基中清晰可辨,允许在卵磷脂、吐温80一营养琼脂培养基中添加2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑(以下简称TTC)。文章以护手霜为样品基质,分别加入适当菌含量的大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、酵母工作菌悬液,制备5mg/100mL浓度的TTC卵磷脂、吐温80-营养琼脂,同时以不添加TTC卵磷脂、吐温80一营养琼脂平板进行验证,以营养琼脂培养基作为对照,对菌落计数结果进行对比。结论:添加了5mg/100mLTTC的培养基用于化妆品菌落总数检测时对G+有明显的抑制作用,建议在日常检测过程中需慎重选择。     

不同浓度TTC在微生物检测培养基中的应用

研究TTC在微生物检测培养基中的影响确定最终TTC的合理浓度。方法:采用大肠埃希菌、乙型副伤寒沙门菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌、黑曲霉、金黄色葡萄球菌6种不同菌株加入6个不同浓度的TTC培养基与不加TTC培养基的菌落生长情况进行了对比。结果:高浓度的TTC培养基检测微生物会使样品中部分微生物菌落受到抑制,影响样品微生物计数结果的准确性。     

甘露醇氯化钠琼脂培养基成分对鉴定金黄色葡萄球菌的影响

目的 探究甘露醇氯化钠琼脂培养基成分中氯化钠和胰酪胨对甘露醇氯化钠琼脂培养基质量的影响,同时考察市售5个国产品牌和1个进口品牌的甘露醇氯化钠琼脂培养基的产品质量。方法 采用不同品牌不同浓度的氯化钠和胰酪胨配制成甘露醇氯化钠琼脂培养基,应用平板涂布计数、半定量划线法探究氯化钠和胰酪胨对甘露醇氯化钠琼脂培养基质量的影响;对不同种金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌在5个国产品牌和1个进口品牌的甘露醇氯化钠琼脂培养基上的生长情况进行定量测定。参照GB 4789.28—2013比较不同品牌培养基对不同菌株的生长率、生长指数和菌落大小的影响,对培养基质量进行评价。结果 实验菌株在使用不同种类、不同浓度的氯化钠或胰酪胨配制的甘露醇氯化钠琼脂培养基上的生长率、生长指数存在较大差异;不同品牌的甘露醇氯化钠琼脂培养基非目标菌生长指数均合格,但目标菌的生长率和菌落生长大小存在显著差异。结论 氯化钠和胰酪胨对于甘露醇氯化钠琼脂培养基质量影响较大,会直接决定培养基的质量是否合格,市售的国内外不同品牌甘露醇氯化钠琼脂培养基质量存在较大差异,国产甘露醇氯化钠琼脂培养基的质量优于进口培养基。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the