固溶时效对铸造Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Zr-2Cr-2Mo-2Nb钛合金组织和性能的影响

研究了固溶时效制度对铸造Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Zr-2Cr-2Mo-2Nb钛合金组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,适当的热处理制度可以明显提高合金的室温及高温强度,但是塑性略有下降。Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Zr-2Cr-2Mo-2Nb铸造钛合金组织以集束状的片状α相为主,热处理后α集束的尺寸得到细化。采用915℃×2 h+空冷+590℃×4 h+空冷的热处理制度可以得到较理想的显微组织和良好的室温及高温综合力学性能。     

低弹性模量β钛合金的制备和性能

用非自耗真空电弧炉熔炼β钛合金Ti-8Mo-8Zr 4.5Sn-2Mn,用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、纳米硬度仪表征和研究了合金的组织、结构和弹性模量。结果表明：这种β钛合金的组织中枝晶组织和等轴晶组织共存;晶体结构为β相,合金元素产生了偏析;合金的弹性模量为41.4 GPa。与TMA合金（Ti-11.5Mo-6Zr-4...     

Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金热塑性流变行为的变参数Arrhenius模型表征

在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上进行多组热压缩试验,获得Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金在温度1073～1323K、应变速率0.01～10s-1下的真应力-应变数据,基于此分析工艺参数对流变应力演变的影响规律,识别应力-应变曲线的动态再结晶型和动态回复型软化特征及其出现时机。引入不含应变影响的传统Arrhenius型本构方程,将其进一步拓展使用,在不同应变量条件下,通过多元线性回归计算与多项式拟合,求解获得Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金形变表观激活能Q、材料常数n、α及结构因子A等参量对应变的响应规律,从而建立Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金含应变、温度及应变速率影响的变参数流变应力本构方程。模型预测值与实验值对比显示最大相对误差为4.55%,最大平均误差为2.19%。     

基于TiH2原料的粉末冶金Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo合金的组织与性能研究

目的 研究烧结工艺对Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo合金组织演变及力学性能的影响.方法 以TiH2粉末为原料,采用粉末冶金工艺制备低成本高性能的Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo合金,分析合金在不同烧结条件下组织与性能的变化规律.结果 TiH2的脱氢温度区间集中在450～700℃;Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1...     

退火工艺对大形变冷轧Ti-35Nb-9Zr-6Mo-4Sn医用钛合金组织和力学性能的影响

以新型医用钛合金Ti-35Nb-9Zr-6Mo-4Sn为对象,研究了该合金经固溶处理、85%冷变形和再结晶退火后的组织和力学性能。研究表明:该合金经固溶处理和85%冷变形后均由单一的β相构成。冷变形使合金强度显著上升,弹性模量降低,伸长率略有下降。经650℃再结晶退火后,合金仍由单一的β相构成,晶粒显著细化。随着退火时间的延长,缺陷减少,再结晶比例增高,合金的强度略有降低,弹性模量有所升高,塑性显著改善。形变率为85%的Ti-35Nb-9Zr-6Mo-4Sn合金经650℃退火30~60min后,合金的强度和伸长率显著优于Ti-6Al-4V,综合力学性能优异,适合作为医用种植材料。     

阳极氧化电压对β型Ti-12Mo-3Nb钛合金表面形貌和亲水性的影响

在医用钛合金表面制备TiO2纳米管阵列是提高其生物相容性的有效手段.以成本相对较低的新型β型生物钛合金Ti-12Mo-3Nb为对象,在含NH4F(0.5％)的丙三醇水溶液中,利用阳极氧化法在其表面制备TiO2基纳米管阵列,研究阳极氧化电压(20～50 V)对纳米管阵列形成过程、形貌以及亲水性的影响.结果表明,Ti-12...     

YF-22战斗机选用的钛合金

一种高强度锻造钛合金已被洛克希德公司选为先进战术战斗机YF-22的原形机的机身材料,该合金的成分是Ti-2Sn-2Zr-2Mo-2Cr-0.25Si。它的室温极限拉伸强度为1275MPa,而Ti-6Al-4V的拉伸强度为992MPa。在316℃,它的拉伸强度是979MPa,而Ti-6Al-4V的极限     

Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo合金室温压缩蠕变行为及位错类型研究

研究Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo合金在不同外加应力下的室温压缩蠕变行为,拟合了蠕变曲线,计算出蠕变发生第二阶段的临界值,并对不同应力水平压缩后的合金显微组织进行TEM观察,研究其位错滑移类型.结果表明:室温条件下,Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo合金压缩蠕变-时间曲线符合时间强化指数模型,该合金发生蠕变第二...     

船用Ti-322合金超大规格环材制备技术研究

研究了船用Ti-322钛合金(名义成分Ti-3AL-2Mo-2Zr)超大规格环材制备工艺.首先进行了Gr41:1模拟件和Ti-322小型环件的试制.用摸索的锻造-辗轧联合生产工艺以及设计的工模具制备出了φ2 200 mm/φ1 700 mm×300 mm Ti-322合金环件.对该环件进行850℃,1 h,AC整体热处理,可使其组织和性能均匀,满足用户的使用要求.     

置氢对Ti-25Nb-10Ta-1Zr-0.2Fe合金室温组织和硬度的影响

利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等手段,研究了固态气体渗氢后氢元素对新型β医用钛合金Ti-25Nb-10Ta-1Zr-0.2Fe的相组成、微观组织和硬度的影响.研究结果表明,570℃置氢空冷,置氢量为0.2％(质量分数),合金发生共析反应βH→αH+δ.置氢后合金表面和内部显微组织出现差异:在合金表面,δ氢化物呈现针状,从晶界处生长,尺寸差异较大;在合金内部,氢化物δ呈细小针状,长度小于1μm,以α针为中心平行向外生长.置氢后合金硬度未增强.     

Development of a β-type Ti–12Mo–5Ta alloy for biomedical applications: cytocompatibility and metallurgical aspects

Ti-based biocompatible alloys are especially used for replacing failed hard tissue. Some of the most actively investigated materials for medical implants are the beta-Ti alloys, as they have a low elastic modulus (to inhibit bone resorption). They are alloyed with elements such as Nb, Ta, Zr, Mo, and Fe. We have prepared a new beta-Ti alloy that combines Ti with the non-toxic elements Ta and Mo using a vacuum arc-melting furnace and then annealed at 950 degrees C for one hour. The alloy was finally quenched in water at room temperature. The Ti-12Mo-5Ta alloy was characterised by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, SEM and EDS and found to have a body-centred-cubic structure (beta-type). It had a lower Young's modulus (about 74 GPa) than the classical alpha/beta Ti-6Al-4V alloy (120 GPa), while its Vickers hardness remained very high (about 303 HV). This makes it a good compromise for a use as a bone substitute. The cytocompatibility of samples of Ti-12Mo-5Ta and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys with various surface roughnesses was assessed in vitro using organotypic cultures of bone tissue and quantitative analyses of cell migration, proliferation and adhesion. Mechanically polished surfaces were prepared to produce unorientated residual polished grooves and cells grew to a particularly high density on the smoother Ti-12Mo-5Ta surface tested.     

Improvement of Ductility of Powder Metallurgy Titanium Alloys by Addition of Rare Earth Element

Ti-4.5Al-6.0Mo-1.5Fe, Ti-6Al-1Mo-1Fe and Ti-6Al-4V alloys were prepared by blended elemental powder metallurgy （PM） process, and the effects of Nd on the microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. It was found out that the addition of Nd increased the density of sintered titanium alloys slightly by a maximum increment of 1% because small amount of liquid phase occurred during sintering. The addition of Nd shows little effect on the improvement of tensile strength, while the elongation is significantly improved. For example, the elongation of Ti-4.SAl-6.0Mo-1.5Fe can be increased from 1% without addition of Nd to 13% at a Nd content of 1.2 wt pct.     

Fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V cellular structures fabricated by additive manufacturing technique

Porous titanium and its alloys have been considered as promising replacement for dense implants, as they possess low elastic modulus comparable to that of compact human bones and are capable of providing space for in-growth of bony tissues to achieve a better fixation. Recently, the additive manufacturing (AM) method has been successfully applied to the fabrication of Ti-6Al-4V cellular meshes and foams. Comparing to traditional fabrication methods, the AM method offers advantages of accurate control of complex cell shapes and internal pore architectures, thus attracting extensive attention. Considering the long-term safety in the human body, the metallic cellular structures should possess high fatigue strength. In this paper, the recent progress on the fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V cellular structures fabricated by the AM technique is reviewed. The various design factors including cell shapes, surface properties, post treatments and graded porosity distribution affecting the fatigue properties of additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V cellular structures were introduced and future development trends were also discussed.     

Effect of Elastic Modulus on Biomechanical Properties of Lumbar Interbody Fusion Cage

This work focuses on the influence of elastic modulus on biomechanical properties of lumbar interbody fusion cages by selecting two titanium alloys with different elastic modulus.They were made by a new β type alloy with chemical composition of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.6Sn having low Young's modulus ～50 GPa and by a conventional biomedical alloy Ti-6Al-4V having Young's modulus ～110 GPa.The results showed that the designed cages with low modulus (LMC) and high modulus (HMC) can keep identical compression load ～9.8 kN and endure fatigue cycles higher than 5× 106 without functional or mechanical failure under 2.0 kN axial compression.The anti-subsidence ability of both group cages were examined by axial compression of thoracic spine specimens (T9～T10) dissected freshly from the calf with averaged age of 6 months.The results showed that the LMC has better anti-subsidence ability than the HMC (p<0.05).The above results suggest that the cage with low elastic modulus has great potential for clinical applications.     

Nanoscale characterization of anodic oxide films on Ti-6Al-4V alloy

The paper analyses, at nanoscale levels, the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the anodic oxide films formed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy by galvanostatic polarization at maximum final voltages of 12-100 V. For the investigations Auger Electron Spectroscopy, Photoelectron Spectroscopy and nanoindentation measurements have been used. The results have shown that anodizing the Ti-6Al-4V alloy produces an oxide film whose thickness depends on the final voltage. The chemical composition is not significantly dependent on the thickness, the film consists of TiO₂ and Al₂O₃. However, the best insulating properties of the films, determined from the growth parameter nm/V, are achieved with a final voltage between 30 and 65 V. Nanohardness and Young's modulus measurements have shown that the anodic films formed by different voltages exhibit similar mechanical properties which is consistent with the results of the surface analysis.     

Notch effects on high-cycle fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy at cryogenic temperatures

Notch effects on the high-cycle fatigue properties of the forged Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy at cryogenic temperatures were investigated. Also, the high-cycle fatigue data were compared with the rolled Ti-5Al-2.5Sn ELI alloy. The one million cycles fatigue strength (FS) of the smooth specimen for the forged Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy increased with a decrease of test temperature. However, the FS of each notched specimen at 4 K were lower than those at 77 K. On the other hand, the FS of the smooth and the notched specimens for the forged Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy at 4 K were lower than those for the rolled Ti-5Al-2.5Sn ELI alloy. This is considered to be the early initiation of the fatigue crack in the forged Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy compares with the forged Ti-5Al-2.5Sn ELI.     

A New Approach for Manufacturing a High Porosity Ti-6Al-4V Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications

Titanium and its alloys are currently considered as one of the most important metallic materials used in the biomedical applications, due to their excellent mechanical properties and superior biocompatibility. In the present study, a new effective method for fabricating high porosity titanium alloy scaffolds was developed. Porous Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds are successfully fabricated with porosities ranging from 30% to 70% using spaceholder and powder sintering technique. Based on its acceptable properties, spherical carbamide particles with different diameters （0.56, 0.8, and 1mm） were used as the space-holder material in the present investigation. The Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds porosity is characterized by using scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the scaffolds spherical-shaped pores are depending on the shape, size and distribution of the space-holder particles. This investigation shows that the present new manufacturing technique is promising to fabricate a controlled high porosity and high purity Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds for hard tissue replacement.     

Effect of Si3N4 Addition on the Mechanical Properties, Microstructures, and Wear Resistance of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

In order to improve the wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V, different amounts of Si3N4 powder were added into the alloy powder and sintered at 1250℃. Porous titanium alloy with higher wear resistance was successfully fabricated. At sintering temperature, reaction took place and a new hard phase of Ti5Si3 formed. The mechanical properties of the fabricated alloys with different amounts of Si3N4 addition were investigated. The hardness of Ti-6Al-4V, which is the index of wear resistance, was increased by the addition of Si3N4. Amounts of Si3N4 addition have very significant influences on hardness and compressive strength. In present study,titanium alloy with 5 wt pct Si3N4 addition has 62% microhardness and 45% overall bulk hardness increase,respectively. In contrast, it has a 16.4% strength reduction. Wear resistance was evaluated by the weight loss during wear test. A new phase of Ti5Si3 was detected by electron probe microanalyzer （EPMA） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） method. The original Si3N4 decomposed during sintering and transformed into titanium silicide. Porous structure was achieved due to the sintering reaction.     

Relationships of strength to composition and phase constitution for three aged beta titanium alloys

X-ray diffraction techniques were used to study properties of three beta titanium alloys in the alpha aged condition. The alloys studied were Beta 111 (Ti-11.5 Mo-6 Zr-4.5 Sn), Beta C (Ti-3 Al-8 V-6 Cr-4 Mo-4 Zr), and 8-8-2-3 (Ti-8 V-8 Mo-2 Fe-3 Al). The volume percentage of alpha phase present and the lattice parameters of both the alpha and beta structures were determined for different ageing treatments. Ultimate tensile strength is related to both alpha content and beta unit cell size in these alloys. However, at high strength levels, beta unit cell size is a more sensitive indicator of tensile strength than percentage of alpha phase. The effects of precipitation hardening mechanisms and alloy partitioning on strengthening are discussed.     

3D打印医用钛合金的抗菌性能和体外生物相容性

应用选择性激光熔融技术(SLM)制备出3D打印医用钛合金Ti-6Al-4V和Ti-6Al-4V-5Cu,用平板共培养法研究测定其抗菌性能,用CCK8细胞增殖测定法、鬼笔环肽细胞骨架染色法和Annexin-V/PI流式细胞术研究了这种合金的抗菌性能和对小鼠胚胎成骨前体细胞(MC3T3-E1)的体外生物相容性影响。结果表明,3D打印Ti-6Al-4V-5Cu合金具有较高的抗菌性能,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率达到(57.03±1.55)%。在CCK8细胞增殖毒性测定、细胞骨架鬼笔环肽染色实验和Annexin-V/PI双标记法流式分析三种研究中Ti-6Al-4V-5Cu表现的优越,具有更好的体外生物相容性。