超声辅助可见光光敏化处理水中4,4′-二溴联苯

研究了单独可见光光敏化和US/光敏化处理难降解有机污染物(4,4′-二溴联苯(4,4′-DBB))的效能,并通过紫外吸收光强弱变化判断降解程度。结果表明两种方法都可以达到一定的去除效果,超声的加入使去除率得到进一步提高。选取6种光敏剂单独进行可见光光照对比实验发现,以碱性品红作光敏剂,pH值为6时,对2 mg/L的4,4′-DBB溶液光照30 min后去除率最高达到22.9%。28 kHz低频超声的加入使得去除率进一步提高到25.6%。两种方法去除4,4′-DBB的反应过程符合动力学拟一级反应规律,计算增强因子f为1.12。     

漂浮植物净化污水试验研究

本文以广东本地漂浮植物凤眼莲[Eichhornia crassipes （Mart．）Solms]、水浮莲[Pistia stratiotes （Raf．）Merr．]和水龙[Ludwigia adscendens（L．）．Hara]为供试植物,以此及其相互组合共7种不同的植物配置方式与无植物的方式对城镇污水的处理进行了对照。试验表明,试验期间有植物的装置比无植物的装置去除COD、TP、TN及NH4^＋-N的能力强。在夏季两种或两种以上的水生漂浮植物组合对COD的去除率比单独一种植物去除COD的效率高：但在冬季,水龙去除COD效果最好,其大小与其他各种配置方式处理污水COD差异显著;漂浮植物在夏季试验期间NH4^＋-N去除率高达97％以上,冬季为凤眼莲去除NH4^＋-N效果好;夏季植物去除TN能力为各种组合比单独某一种植物去除能力强,冬季为单独生长的凤眼莲最好．冬季和夏季的各种植物系统的TP去除率分别为32％～64％及83．3％～89．0％;无论是夏季和冬季,漂浮植物均能有效地调节pH值在水质标准6～9范围内。     

低频超声／内电解法联用处理酸性红B废水

为了探讨弱酸条件下低频超声,内电解法协同处理酸性红B（Acid Red B．ARB）的可行性,考察了弱酸条件下低频超声、内电解法及低频超声／内电解法联用对ARB模拟废水的处理效果。结果表明,使用低频超声单独处理时,ARB降解缓慢,经10min辐射后,ARB的去除率不足4．7％：内电解法降解ARB速率较慢。反应10min,ARB的去除率仅为49．9％;低频超声／内电解联合作用对降解ABR有明显的协同效应,反应10min,ARB的去除率达90．0％以上。反应过程符合一级动力学,在频率为59kHz,功率分别为175W和250w的超声波协同作用下,ARB降解的表观反应速率常数比单独内电解法分别提高了2．72倍和3．38倍。该工艺操作简便、快捷,具有广阔的应用前景。     

超声空化/Fenton试剂处理黑索今废水的实验研究

研究了超声频率、Fenton试剂的用量、pH值及RDX废水的初始浓度对超声空化（US）,Fenton试剂处理RDX废水的效果的影响。结果表明：超声空化／Fenton试剂对RDX废水有较好的降解作用,两者对RDX的降解作用存在正协同效应;在超声频率为40kHz下,RDX废水初始浓度为180ms／L、pH值为3、双氧水（浓度为10％）用量为0．60mL、FeSO4溶液（浓度为10％）用量为0．12mL、反应时间为60min时,RDX去除率达到93％。     

臭氧／双氧水协同氧化处理含酚废水

实验采用臭氧与双氧水协同作用降解含酚废水,考察了pH值、温度、反应压力和反应时间对苯酚及CODCr去除效果的影响。实验得出,臭氧处理400mg／L苯酚溶液的最佳条件是：pH值8、室温、常压、反应时间15min,苯酚去除率达到95．51％、CODCr去除率为52．06％。臭氧和双氧水联合处理含酚废水的最佳条件为：双氧水加入量1．2g／L、pH值8、反应时间15min,苯酚去除率达到98．05％、CODCr去除率为63．32％。臭氧与双氧水联合处理含酚废水比用臭氧单独处理对去除苯酚和CODCr有更好的效果。     

处理焦化废水中难降解有机物的实验与研究

在实验条件下,运用SBR法水解（酸化）和好氧工艺,研究了焦化废水中比较典型的几种难降解有机物如喹啉、吲哚、吡啶以及苯酚的去除规律。经此工艺处理后,喹啉、吲哚、吡啶和苯酚的去除率分别达到92．8％、92.3％、89．6％和100％。     

紫外光降解水中痕量NDMA的效能研究

采用紫外光降解水中痕量亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA）,研究了NDMA初始浓度、溶液pH值、光照面积、紫外光辐射强度以及水质对紫外光降解NDMA的影响。络果表明,紫外光能够有效降解水中的NDMA,紫外光解反应5min,NDMA去除率可以达到97．5％。初始浓度对NDMA的光降解去除率影响不大。     

过渡金属络合物类降解塑料光敏剂的合成、结构与性能的表征

合成了以羧酸、三硫代氨基到和硫磷酸为配体的铁、和铈和共生稀土第一系列络合物光敏剂（共六大类２０多种），采用红外光谱仪、元素分析仪和等离子体发射光谱仪表征２０种光敏剂分子结构，采用ＵＶ及ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ等方法探讨了泖 光敏化效果，通过人工加速化老实验、户外曝晒试验、ＩＲ等方法讨论比较含光敏剂ＰＥ可控光降解塑料的降解性能。     

TiO2作用下土霉素的可见光敏化降解

研究了二氧化钛(TiO₂)存在时土霉素(OTC)在可见光下的降解。结果表明：单独可见光照下,OTC的光解效率随着pH的升高而逐渐增大。可见光和TiO₂的联合能显著促进OTC的降解,这主要归因于OTC的自光敏化作用。淬灭实验表明,在可见光/TiO₂体系中,超氧阴离子自由基(O₂^·-)和羟基自由基(·OH)能够氧化降解OTC,且O₂^·-是主要的活性物种。OTC初始浓度会影响其在可见光/TiO₂体系中的降解,过高或过低的OTC浓度都不利于其自身的去除;但是TiO₂用量的增加却能逐渐提高OTC的降解效率。     

基于超滤处理工艺的洗车废水循环利用技术

以超滤为核心工艺处理洗车废水,对比了采用混凝沉淀-砂滤和单独采用砂滤作为预处理时的出水指标,两种工艺对浊度的去除率分别为99．4％和99．1％,对COD的去除率为69．5％和53．4％,对阴离子表面活性剂（Anionic surfactant,AS）的去除率为69．2％和27．6％。结果表明,采用适合的预处理单元,以超滤为核心的处理工艺在洗车废水循环回用方面具有可行性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。