Pt负载型二氧化钛纳米管/纳米晶复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

结合强吸附能力与高光催化活性的催化剂有望更有效地除去废水中的污染物. 以Degussa P25二氧化钛为原料, 采用水热法制备了二氧化钛纳米管(简称为TNTs), 将TNTs加入到溶有氯铂酸和柠檬酸(还原剂)的无水乙醇中, 在蒸汽相水解装置中通过一步法制备了Pt负载型二氧化钛纳米管/纳米晶复合光催化剂. 蒸汽相处理过程中, 部分纳米管转变为锐钛矿相TiO₂, 仍有部分以管的形式存在, 使纳米复合物保留了较高的吸附能力. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、比表面及孔隙度分析仪等方法对产物进行了表征. 结果表明, 粒径约为4 nm的金属性Pt较好地分散在TNTs及由纳米管转变而来、晶粒尺寸约为8 nm的锐钛矿相TiO₂晶粒表面, 复合物保留了高于216 m²/g的比表面积. 光催化降解染料酸性红及亚甲基蓝的实验结果表明, 纯管有较好的吸附能力, 但是光催化性能非常低, 经120℃蒸气处理并负载贵金属Pt后光催化活性有了显著的提高.     

Photocatalytic degradation of RhB over MgFe2O4/TiO2 composite materials

MgFe₂O₄/TiO₂ (MFO/TiO₂) composite photocatalysts were successfully synthesized using a mixing-annealing method. The synthesized composites exhibited significantly higher photocatalytic activity than a naked semiconductor in the photodegradation of Rhodamine B. Under UV and visible light irradiation, the optimal percentages of doped MgFe₂O₄ (MFO) were 2 wt.% and 3 wt.%, respectively. The effects of calcination temperature on photocatalytic activity were also investigated. The origin of the high level of activity was discussed based on the results of X-ray diffraction, UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen physical adsorption. The enhanced activity of the catalysts was mainly attributed to the synergetic effect between the two semiconductors, the band potential of which matched suitably.     

Pt-Cu2O/TiO2复合催化剂的制备及光催化制氢活性

采用化学沉积法制备了Cu_2O/TiO_2复合光催化剂。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)表征复合催化剂的微观形貌、元素组成、结构和光学特性。以H_2PtCl_6为无机前驱体对复合材料进行Pt负载,研究了不同Cu_2O含量对制氢活性的影响及不同光源下的制氢活性。结果表明,该复合催化剂表现出较好的光催化制氢活性,当Cu_2O的含量为1%(质量分数)时,氢气的产生量最高。     

H(2)O(2)-sensitized TiO(2)/SiO(2) composites with high photocatalytic activity under visible irradiation

TiO(2)/SiO(2) composite photocatalysts were prepared by depositing of TiO(2) onto nano-SiO(2) particles. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), Raman spectrometer, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were employed to characterize the properties of the synthesized TiO(2)/SiO(2) composites. These results indicated that the products without calcination were amorphous, and calcination could enhance the crystallinity of TiO(2). Increases in the amount of TiO(2) would decrease the dispersion in the composites. H(2)O(2)-sensitized TiO(2)/SiO(2) composite photocatalysts could absorb visible light at wavelength below 550 nm. The photocatalytic activity of as-prepared catalysts was characterized by methyl-orange degradation. The results showed the uncalcined composite photocatalysts with amorphous TiO(2) exhibited higher photocatalytic activity under visible light, and the activity of catalysts with TiO(2) content over 30% decreased with increasing of TiO(2) content. Increases in the calcination temperature and TiO(2) content promote the formation of bulk TiO(2) and result in a decrease in activity.     

Photocatalytic reduction of NO with NH3 using Si-doped TiO2 prepared by hydrothermal method

A series of Si-doped TiO2 (Si/TiO2) photocatalysts supported on woven glass fabric were prepared by hydrothermal method for photocatalytic reduction of NO with NH3. The photocatalytic activity tests were carried out in a continuous Pyrex reactor with the flow rate of 2000mL/min under UV irradiation (luminous flux: 1.1x10(4)lm, irradiated catalyst area: 160cm2). The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). The experiment results showed that NO conversion on Si/TiO2 at 323K could exceed 60%, which was about 50% higher than that on Degussa P25 and pure TiO2. With the doping of Si, photocatalysts with smaller crystal size, larger surface area and larger pore volume were obtained. It was also found that Ti-O-Si bands were formed on the surface of Si/TiO2 and that the surface hydroxyl concentration was greatly increased. As a result, total acidity and NH3 chemisorption amount were enhanced for Si/TiO2 leading to its photocatalytic activity improvement.     

聚氨酯TiO2纳米管复合材料的制备与光催化特性研究

为了解决水体中光催化剂的分离和回收问题,对纳米TiO2的改性和固载化及其光催化特性进行了研究。首先以纳米TiO2为原料,采用水热合成法制备TiO2纳米管;再对TiO2纳米管硅烷化,改善其表面性质;然后以聚氨酯(PU)膜片为载体负载TiO2纳米管,制成了负载型PU/TiO2薄膜的光催化材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对催化剂进行了表征,结果表明硅烷化后的TiO2纳米管能很好地接枝在PU薄膜表面。以300 W高压汞灯为光源,萘普生为目标降解物,研究了负载PU/TiO2薄膜的光催化活性和稳定性,结果表明其对目标物的降解具有较高活性,用乙醇冲洗即可多次重复使用,其催化活性能较长时间保持稳定。     

玄武岩纤维/TiO2复合材料的制备及表征

TiO_2纳米粉体应用于光催化领域存在光吸收仅局限于紫外光区域、难以回收等缺点,因此,纳米TiO_2固定化和可见光改性成为光催化领域的两个研究热点.本文采用绿色环保的水热法,将TiO_2负载于玄武岩纤维载体上,在较低的温度下制备出一种新型的玄武岩纤维/TiO_2复合材料.使用XRD分析了复合材料的物相结构,采用SEM观测了复合材料的形貌,并对水热法合成其机理进行了分析.结果表明:150℃水热条件下、反应10 h合成的玄武岩纤维/TiO_2复合材料中,颗粒状的TiO_2涂层均匀包覆于玄武岩纤维表面,并没有改变玄武岩纤维结构,形成了一种具有核壳结构的新型玄武岩纤维/TiO_2复合材料,经过TiO_2修饰的玄武岩纤维对可见光有很好吸收.因此,玄武岩纤维/TiO_2复合材料是一种具有潜在应用价值的可见光催化材料.     

A facile route to synthesize ternary Cu2O quantum dot/graphene-TiO2 nanocomposites with an improved photocatalytic effect

A Cu₂O quantum dot/graphene-TiO₂ composite, a novel material, was successfully synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method. The hydrothermal reaction was used to load the Cu₂O and TiO₂ particles onto graphene sheets, and the resulting photocatalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). UV spectrophotometry was employed to measure the decrease in the concentration of rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue trihydrate (MB), and reactive black B (RBB) dyes in an aqueous solution after degradation with the photocatalysts under irradiation with visible light. The results indicate that the quantum dot-sized Cu₂O is a promising material that contributes to the photocatalytic activity of Cu₂O quantum dot/graphene-TiO₂ composites.     

Photocatalytic degradation of aqueous propoxur solution using TiO2 and Hbeta zeolite-supported TiO2

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and zeolites supported TiO2 were investigated using propoxur as a model pollutant. Hbeta, HY and H-ZSM-5 zeolites were examined as supports for TiO2. Hbeta was chosen as the TiO2 support based on the adsorption capacity of propoxur on these zeolites (Hbeta>HY=H-ZSM-5). TiO2/Hbeta photocatalysts with different wt.% were prepared and characterized by XRD, FT-IR and BET surface area. The progress of photocatalytic degradation of aqueous propoxur solution using TiO2 (Degussa P-25) and TiO2 supported on Hbeta zeolite was monitored using TOC analyzer, HPLC and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The degradation of propoxur was systematically studied by varying the experimental parameters in order to achieve maximum degradation efficiency. The initial rate of degradation with TiO2/Hbeta was higher than with bare TiO2. TOC results revealed that TiO2 requires 600min for complete mineralization of propoxur whereas TiO2/Hbeta requires only 480min. TiO2/Hbeta showed enhanced photodegradation due to its high adsorption capacity on which the pollutant molecules are pooled closely and hence degraded effectively.     

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 doped with boron and vanadium

Boron (B)- and vanadium (V)-doped TiO(2) photocatalysts were synthesized using modified sol-gel reaction processes and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and N(2) physisorption (BET). The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by monitoring the degradation of methylene blue (MB). The results showed that the materials possess high surface area. The addition of B favored the transformation of anatase to rutile, while in the presence of V, anatase was the only phase detected. The MB degradation on V-doped TiO(2) was significantly affected by the preparation method. In fact while the presence of V in the bulk did not influence strongly the photoreactivity under visible irradiation, an increase of surface V doping lead to improved photodegradation of MB. The degradation of MB dye indicated that the photocatalytic activities of TiO(2) increased as the boron doping increased, with high conversion efficiency for 9mol% B doping.     

碳纤维负载钐掺杂纳米TiO_2复合材料的制备与表征

采用静电纺丝法和热处理工艺制备了纳米碳纤维负载掺杂1.5%(摩尔分数)Sm的纳米Ti O2复合材料(Sm-Ti O2/CNFs),利用SEM、EDX、TEM、FTIR和XRD对其组成和结构进行了表征,并以甲基橙为降解对象,考察了Sm-Ti O2/CNFs复合材料在紫外光照射下对甲基橙的光催化降解效果。结果表明,掺杂Sm3+的Ti O2以锐钛矿晶型均匀分散在碳纳米纤维的表面和内部,质量分数为20%左右;相对于未掺杂的Ti O2/CNFs样品,Sm-Ti O2/CNFs的光催化活性提高约37%。     

等离子体电解氧化法制备多孔TiO2/V2O5复合物膜层及其增强光催化产氢活性

较差的光催化产氢效率极大地阻碍了TiO₂光催化剂的工业化应用。为此,本文在含有NH₄VO₃的磷酸盐溶液中,采用等离子体电解氧化(PEO)法制备了多孔TiO₂/V₂O₅复合膜光催化剂,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子谱(XPS)和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对其组成、结构及光吸收性质进行了表征,并采用气相色谱评价了薄膜催化剂的光催化产氢性能,研究了电解液中NH₄VO₃含量对膜的结构、组成和光催化产氢性能的影响。结果表明:复合膜催化剂主要由锐钛矿和金红石型TiO₂组成,具有微孔结构,V₂O₅主要以无定形形式存在于膜中,与TiO₂有很强的相互作用,影响TiO₂的晶面间距。研究发现,元素V抑制了TiO₂的结晶和金红石型TiO₂的形成,扩大了薄膜的光学吸收范围。针对Na₂S+ Na₂SO₃溶液中的光催化产氢性能的研究显示,在质量浓度为1 g/L NH₄VO₃的电解液中制备的TiO₂/V₂O₅薄膜的光催化活性最高,优于近年来报道的其他光催化剂。光催化重复实验表明,该复合膜催化剂具有较高的稳定性和较为恒定的光催化活性。     

Solar photocatalytic degradation of 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (DNBP) using TiO2/SiO2 aerogel composite photocatalysts

Silica aerogels and TiO₂/silica aerogel composite photocatalysts were synthesized by sol–gel technique at ambient pressure using orthosilioate and tetra-n-butyl titanate as precursors, respectively. The prepared composite photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, BET surface area, FT-IR and UV–vis absorption spectra. The results showed that the TiO₂/silica aerogel composite photocatalysts possess high surface area. The addition of silica aerogels inhibited the grain growth and phase transformation of anatase to rutile during calcination. The TiO₂/silica aerogel composite sample calcined at 500 °C with an optimal silica aerogel content of 7 wt.% afforded the highest photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic degradation of 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (DNBP) was investigated by using this novel TiO₂/silica aerogel composite photocatalyst under solar light irradiation. The effects of irradiation time, pH, catalyst concentration, temperature and initial DNBP concentration were examined as operational parameters. The optimal operational parameters were found as follows: pH as solution pH 4.82, 8 g L⁻¹ catalyst concentration, 20 °C, and 240 min irradiation time. The kinetics of DNBP degradation by TiO₂/silica aerogel composite fit well a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The repeatability of photocatalytic activity was also tested. This study showed the feasible and potential use of TiO₂/silica aerogel composite photocatalysts in degradation of toxic organic contaminants.     

碳纳米管修饰LaFeO3/TiO2复合材料的光催化性能与机理

采用超声辅助溶胶凝胶法制备了LaFeO₃颗粒,进一步以碳纳米管(CNTs)为基底和钛酸丁酯为前体,通过一步水热法煅烧合成CNTs/TiO₂/LaFeO₃(CTF)三元异质结光催化复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、氮气吸附-解吸等温线(BET)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)、光致发光光谱(PL)等表征手段对材料的形貌与特征结构、比表面积和孔径结构以及光学特征进行了分析,并在紫外光下通过降解活性黑五(RB5)测试样品的光催化性能。结果表明,以CNTs作为载体,能够有效提升LaFeO₃/TiO₂复合材料的光催化性能。当CNTs在复合材料中的质量占比为5%时,150 W汞灯照射下RB5的50 min去除率可达99.5%。CNTs一方面通过增加复合材料的比较面积为催化反应的进行提供了更多的活性位点,更为重要的是,CNTs作为光生载流子传输的通道加快了电荷分离效率,提升了复合材料的降解能力和催化反应动力学进程。     

复合电沉积法制备Sn-TiO2纳米薄膜

采用复合电沉积法制备了TiO2质量分数为20.86%的Sn-TiO2纳米薄膜,研究了阴极电流密度、镀液温度、TiO2微粒的悬浮量等因素对薄膜中TiO2含量的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)对热处理后的SnO2-TiO2复合薄膜进行了表征,以甲基橙为模型化合物对薄膜的光催化性能进行了测定.结果表明,在最佳工艺下所得复合纳米薄膜具有优异的光催化活性.     

TiO_2-Fe_3O_4/MIL-101(Cr)磁性复合光催化材料的制备及其光催化性能

采用原位水热法合成了TiO_2-Fe_3O_4/MIL-101(Cr)磁性复合光催化材料,利用XRD、SEM、UV-Vis DRS、BET和磁学测量系统对复合光催化材料的结构和性能进行了表征,并以亚甲基蓝(MB)为模拟污染物,研究了该复合光催化材料的可见光催化活性,并考察了光催化材料的稳定性。结果表明:巯基官能化的Fe_3O_4和TiO_2与MIL-101(Cr)结合成功,复合后的TiO_2-Fe_3O_4/MIL-101(Cr)光催化材料的可见光响应范围得到明显拓宽;当TiO_2的添加量为400mg时所制得的磁性复合光催化材料具有相对较好的光催化降解效果,经过120min光照后,对MB的去除率高达80%;该磁性复合光催化材料具有良好的稳定性和磁分离性能。     

复合电沉积制备SnO2/TiO2薄膜及其光电催化性能

为了寻求廉价、高效和稳定的光催化剂,用复合电沉积技术在紫铜片上制备了Sn/TiO2薄膜,经300℃热氧化使之形成SnO2/TiO2复合电极.利用SEM,XRD对薄膜进行了表征,以甲基橙为模型化合物,对复合电极的光催化和光电催化性能进行了测定.研究表明:该薄膜由0.3~1μm的颗粒构成,每个颗粒又由纳米晶粒形成;电极具有多孔结构,膜中的SnO2以两种不同的晶体结构存在;在薄膜质量相等的情况下,SnO2/TiO2薄膜的光催化活性是纯TiO2粒子膜的2.87倍;外加一定偏压下,其催化性能大幅度提高.     

TiO2 and SnO2 magnetic nanocomposites: influence of semiconductors and synthetic methods on photoactivity

A number of reports have been published on use of TiO2 in thin films, magnetic nanocomposites, or heterostructures such as TiO2/Ag and TiO2/SnO2, as catalysts for water decontamination. Hence, semiconductor materials such as SnO2, associated with TiO2 in such nanocomposites, should be assessed in depth for such applications, especially those involving complex structures, such as magnetic photocatalytic nanocomposites. The present study describes the synthesis, characterization and testing of the photocatalytic potential of TiO2 or SnO2 magnetic nanocomposites obtained by the polymeric precursor and the hydrolytic sol-gel methods. The nanocomposites TiO2/CoFe2O4 and SnO2/CoFe2O4 were synthesized from polymeric precursors while TiO2/Fe3O4 and SnO2/Fe3O4 were synthesized by the hydrolytic sol-gel method. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (FEG/SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic potentials were evaluated by rhodamine B dye photodegradation under UV-C radiation. Compared to SnO2, the nanocomposites with a coating of TiO2 were found to show better photocatalytic activity, but the SnO2 magnetic nanocomposites showed some photocatalytic activity, even though SnO2 is reported to be inactive for these purposes. As for the synthesis method, the nanocomposites obtained from polymeric precursors had smaller surface areas, but higher photocatalytic activity, than those obtained by the hydrolytic sol-gel method. This observation was attributed to the higher crystallinity and a more active surface resulting from calcination of the polymeric precursor material.     

Effects of calcination temperatures on photocatalytic activity of SnO2/TiO2 composite films prepared by an EPD method

SnO2/TiO2 composite films were fabricated on transparent electro-conductive glass substrates (F-doped SnO2-coated glass:FTO glass) via an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method using Degussa P25 as raw materials, and were further characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra and Photoluminescence spectra (PL). XRD and XPS results confirmed that the films were composed of TiO2 and SnO2. FESEM images indicated that the as-prepared TiO2 films had roughness surfaces, which consisted of nano-sized particles. The effects of calcination temperatures on the surface morphology, microstructures and photocatalytic activity of SnO2/TiO2 composite films were further investigated. All the prepared SnO2/TiO2 composite films exhibited high photocatalytic activities for photocatalytic decolorization of Rhodamine-B aqueous solution. At 400 degrees C, the SnO2/TiO2 composite films showed the highest photocatalytic activity due to synergetic effects of low sodium content, good crystallization, appropriate phase composition and slower recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers.     

锶元素改性TiO2／杭锦2#土复合物的光催化性能

以Ti（OBu）4和内蒙古杭锦2^#土为主要原料，Sr（NO3）2为掺杂剂，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列Sr元素掺杂改性的TiO2／杭锦2^#土复合光催化剂，并用X射线衍射、傅立叶红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜等对样品进行了表征。紫外光照射下，以亚甲基蓝水溶液为光降解体系，考察了Sr的掺杂量和热处理温度对光降解率的影响，结果表明，Sr的掺杂量为0．5％，焙烧温度为500℃条件下制得复合物的催化活性明显优于相同条件下的TiO2／杭锦2^#土。该复合物催化剂的优点是易于从分散体系中分离和可循环使用。