基于色散调制硒化锌脊形波导产生超连续谱（英文）

研究了基于色散调制硒化锌脊形波导中红外超连续谱的产生,仿真表明通过调整波导中波导芯层和包层之间的折射率差距和结构参数,零色散波长可以转移到更短的波长。用2μm厚的Ge,5As10S85玻璃作为包层可以将光场限制在4和8μm宽的波导中。为了解泵浦波长和结构参数对超连续谱产生的影响,模拟5 cm长波导在不同条件下产生的超连续谱。我们的结果表明,泵浦波长和功率以及波导参数是影响超连续谱展宽的主要原因。研究发现,4μm宽硒化锌波导在4.5μm波长20千瓦峰值功率下可以产生3.0～12.2μm(大于2倍频程)超连续谱,这有利于片上超连续光源应用在生物医学成像、中红外环境和工业传感上。     

基于硫化物微结构光纤的超连续谱数值分析

研究了基于硫化物微结构光纤产生的超连续谱。设计了一种正常色散区色散平坦的硫化物芯/碲酸盐包层微结构光纤,该光纤能够获得超平坦的超连续谱。为了实现平坦的正常色散,对硫化物纤芯直径、空气孔大小和位置等光纤结构参数进行了优化,获得了波长范围在1.4~3μm之间、起伏小于4dB的超平坦超连续谱;同时还设计了一种硫化物芯/氟化物包层的微结构光纤,通过对光纤参数的优化,获得了波长从1.2~7μm的超宽超连续谱。     

三零色散光子晶体光纤中超连续谱的产生与控制

提出了利用倍频效应得到双波长抽运三零色散光子晶体光纤(PCF),产生近红外、中红外波段超连续谱。设计三零色散光子晶体光纤结构,采用分步傅里叶算法数值求解非线性薛定谔方程,模拟双波长抽运三零色散光子晶体光纤产生超连续谱的演化过程,分析了不同光纤长度和脉冲峰值功率对产生的超连续谱的影响。结果表明:当抽运激光脉冲中心波长分别为1μm和2μm、脉宽为100 fs、重复频率为200 k Hz,传输距离为10 cm、脉冲峰值功率为10 k W时,得到了谱宽为690~3150 nm的超连续谱,包含了近红外、中红外波段,光谱具有较好的连续性和平坦度。     

微结构硫化物光纤中中红外超连续谱的产生

采用微结构硫化物光纤,以非线性薛定谔方程(NLSE)为理论模型,利用分步傅里叶计算方法,研究了输入脉冲的中心频率和脉宽对中红外超连续谱(SC)的影响。采用的微结构硫化物光纤具有较高的非线性效应和两个零色散波长(ZDW),且第二个零色散波在中红外波段,有利于中红外超连续谱的产生。通过仿真发现,输入脉冲的中心频率和脉宽对连续谱的产生都有很大影响。数值仿真中,输入具有不同频率和脉宽的脉冲,输入波长接近零色散点时较远离色散点时产生的中红外超连续谱要宽。而且,在保持峰值功率不变的情况下,脉宽对频谱展宽程度没有影响,但是较短脉冲产生的中红外超连续谱更为平坦。     

高非线性光纤正常色散区皮秒脉冲泵浦产生的超连续谱平坦性

数值仿真研究了双曲正割、高斯(m=1)、超高斯脉冲(m=5)形皮秒脉冲泵浦在高非线性光纤正常色散区中时频域演化特性.计算结果表明,在峰值功率、泵浦光纤参数相同的条件下,泵浦脉冲前(后)沿陡峭程度影响频谱展宽宽度,脉冲前后沿越陡峭,生成的超连续谱带宽越宽;脉冲前(后)沿的拖尾部影响展宽频谱的平坦性,脉冲前后沿拖尾越小,生成的超连续谱频带平坦度越高.泵浦脉冲中是否含有啁啾对生成的超连续谱的带宽和平坦性影响微弱.脉冲前(后)沿拖尾小或者陡峭的脉冲在高非线性光纤正常色散区可以产生带宽平坦的超连续谱.     

利用正常色散微结构光纤产生平坦的超连续谱

利用1.7 ps、中心波长为1565 nm和重复率为10 GHz光脉冲入射到80 m具有小正常色散的色散平坦高非线性微结构光纤(HNL-MF)中,在通信波段获得平坦展宽超过100 nm的超连续谱.除了在泵浦波长附近几nm波长范围内具有小的谱峰外,超连续谱在1 512～1 612 nm内具有±3 dB的平坦度.同时研究了不同泵浦波长情况下超连续谱产生的情形,由于不同泵浦波长处光纤的色散斜率不同,因此对超连续谱对称性产生一定的影响,色散斜率越小,产生的谱的对称性也越好.     

基于夹层氮化硅波导的可见-中红外超连续谱特性研究

提出一种低厚度氮化硅-蓝宝石-氮化硅夹层波导结构。利用其色散波辐射现象和中红外相位匹配条件,结合波导脉冲传输模型,讨论了夹层波导不同物理尺寸对相位匹配点和光谱展宽的影响,数值模拟获得了0.5~4 μm的超连续谱展宽,并且在-40 dB水平下具有更远中红外色散波产生。通过该模型,详细解释了非线性波导脉冲传输的潜在机制。理论模型分析表明,通过优化氮化硅及蓝宝石夹层的物理尺寸,进而改变相位匹配条件,可以在较宽的波长范围内控制色散波的位置。     

光子晶体光纤的中红外超连续谱的产生与控制

设计了一种低损耗高非线性的碲化物PCF（光子晶体光纤）.采用分布傅里叶算法求解非线性薛定谔方程,数值模拟了基于PCF的中红外波段SC （超连续谱）的产生与控制.分析了PCF参量及泵浦光源参数对SC的影响,得出SC宽度和平坦度随PCF长度、色散参量以及泵浦脉冲峰值功率、初始宽度的变化规律.仿真结果表明,中心波长为2μm、脉冲峰值功率为20kW、脉冲宽度为100fs的泵浦光在PCF中传输15cm 时,SC谱宽可达1330-3450nm,且具有良好的平坦度.     

基于高Q值Si3N4片上光学微腔的孤子光频梳

高Q值片上微腔已被证明是一种性能优异的克尔孤子光学频率梳产生平台。由片上多模波导构成的Si₃N₄微腔可以同时实现产生暗孤子所必须的高品质因子和反常色散。为了进一步降低产生单孤子光频梳的阈值功率,文章设计了一种具有欧拉弯曲的新型跑道型Si₃N₄微腔,与传统的圆形弯曲波导相比,跑道型微腔直波导连接处弯曲半径的突然变化被显著抑制,这抑制了高阶模式耦合并降低了传播损耗,从而获得了超过5×10⁶的品质因子。基于该新型微腔,使用辅助激光加热方法仅用47mW泵浦激光器(估计片上泵浦功率为33mW)就产生了重复频率在Ka波段且带宽超过20nm(对应于129fs的脉冲持续时间)的单孤子微腔光频梳。     

抽运波长对中红外超连续谱影响的数值模拟

采用数值模拟研究了飞秒脉冲在悬吊芯As_2S_3微结构光纤中传输时,抽运波长对中红外超连续谱产生的影响。通过分步傅里叶算法数值求解广义非线性薛定谔方程,对不同抽运波长的飞秒脉冲在悬吊芯As_2S_3微结构光纤中传输时的传输特性及演化过程进行分析。模拟结果表明,当抽运波长为2300nm时,处于光纤的反常色散区且近零色散波长,可获得宽带且平坦的中红外超连续谱,光谱范围覆盖1.2~7μm;当抽运波长为2500nm时,处于光纤的反常色散区且远离零色散波长,可获得超宽带中红外超连续谱,光谱范围覆盖1.2~7.5μm,但其平坦度略差。该结果对产生中红外超连续谱时选择合适的激光抽运波长,进而优化中红外超连续谱具有重要的参考价值。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.