WC-Co硬质合金冲蚀磨损影响因素和机理研究

采用自制冲蚀试验设备对3种不同牌号的WC-Co硬质合金进行冲蚀磨损试验,研究了冲蚀角度、磨料外形和磨料粒径对靶材冲蚀磨损的影响规律,通过扫描电镜分析研究了WC-Co硬质合金冲蚀机理。结果表明:靶材冲蚀磨损率和冲蚀角度呈正相关,磨料硬度和破碎性都对冲蚀磨损有重要影响,以棕刚玉为磨料时WC-Co硬质合金冲蚀磨损率随着磨料粒径的增加先上升后下降。冲蚀后的微观形貌和元素变化表明,WC-Co硬质合金低冲蚀角时破坏形貌以切削痕和犁沟为主,而高冲蚀角时以Co失效导致的WC颗粒脱落为主。     

笼套硬质合金冲蚀磨损机理研究

通过对某气田中使用的三种进口笼套的材料及微观组织结构分析和冲蚀形貌分析,研究了硬质合金材料的冲蚀磨损机理。研究结果表明:三种材料在微观组织结构上的晶粒度均匀性和致密度存在差异,导致材料的机械性能及磨损性能差别较大;笼套硬质合金的冲蚀磨损形式主要为局部裂纹与裂纹剥落,粘结相Co的脱落导致WC颗粒产生裂纹后断裂并脱落,以及WC氧化导致的氧化磨损。通过湿磨损试验对比分析了三种材料的耐磨损性能,试验结果符合实际工况磨损,证明了试验的合理性。     

改进型高镍铬离心铸铁轧辊的研制

从原材料使用、化学成分选择、材质金相组织中石墨和碳化物形态的选择、热处理工艺的试验以及铸造工艺等方面，进行改进型高镍铬离心铸铁轧辊的研制。结果表明，其耐磨性和抗事故性兼优、综合性能良好；轧机使用毫米轧制量比普通型高镍铬离心铸铁轧辊的提高10％～20％。     

几种热喷涂封严涂层的冲蚀磨损行为研究

抗冲蚀性能是可磨耗封严涂层的重要性能之一。本文采用氧-乙炔火焰喷涂技术,在45#钢基体上分别制备了CuAl复合涂层、NiCr-Al复合涂层和NiCrFe/Al(基)复合涂层。利用自制的冲蚀试验机,研究了三种涂层在不同角度下的冲蚀行为,对冲蚀后涂层的表面形貌以及截面形貌进行了SEM观察,结果表明:相同工艺参数制备的三种涂层,CuAl复合涂层抗冲蚀性能最好,NiCr-Al复合涂层次之,NiCrFe/Al基复合涂层性能最差,软性材质hBN的加入不利于涂层抗冲蚀性。冲蚀角度对涂层的冲蚀磨损行为特征有显著影响。低冲蚀角度涂层的磨损行为主要表现为显微切削和疲劳剥落;高冲蚀角度时涂层的磨损行为主要表现为片状剥落。     

高铬铸铁轧辊的滚滑动磨损行为

研究了高铬称铸铁轧辊材质的滚滑动磨损行为。实验结果表明高铬铸铁的滚滑动磨损过程是以接触疲劳为主的磨损过程，材料的机械性能对抗疲劳磨损性能有较大的影响。     

稀土对高镍铬白口铸铁组织形态的影响

在轧辊用高Ｎｉ—Ｃｒ铸铁中添加不同量的稀土，研究了稀土对这种高合金白口铸铁中石墨、碳化物的分布形态以及基体组织的影响。试验表明：加入适量稀土后，碳化物由原来的连续网状过渡到断续网状、岛块状，基体中石墨的分布变得均匀且降低了石墨片两端的尖锐程度故而提高了材质的使用性能。     

微观组织对3Cr13钢冲蚀行为的影响

在自制的射流式冲蚀磨损试验机上,对经过不同回火处理的3Cr13钢进行液/固两相流的冲蚀磨损试验,研究了微观组织对3Cr13钢冲蚀行为的影响,并探讨其冲蚀机理。结果表明,3Cr13钢三种回火组织均在45°冲角处观察到最大冲蚀率,200℃和500℃回火组织的抗冲蚀性能相近,均优于750℃回火组织,但750℃回火组织较先进入冲蚀稳定期。低攻角时,冲蚀机理以微切削为主;高攻角时,则以脆性剥落和疲劳破坏为主。     

石墨形态对含铸铁干摩擦磨损行为的影响

本文利用自制的干摩擦磨损试验机,系统地研究了不同石墨形态含磷铸铁在不同接触压力及不同摩擦速度条件下的干摩擦磨损行为。试验结果证明,合磷蠕墨铸铁具有最佳的耐磨性及最高的摩擦系数。随着接触压力的提高,含磷铸铁的磨损量呈直线增加,而随着摩擦速度的提高,含磷铸铁的磨损量首先增加,而后则大幅度下降。随着接触压力和摩擦速度的提高,含磷铸铁的摩擦系数首先大幅度降低,而后趋于一相对稳定值。随着石墨长宽比的增加,摩擦系数趋于相对稳定值的接触压力和摩擦速度呈直线增加。     

冲蚀磨损的数值模型研究分析

机器管道、涡轮机叶片等机器关键部件受到气体、固体颗粒、浆料等的冲击,会造成大量的冲蚀磨损,降低材料的使用寿命与安全系数。冲蚀磨损主要是受到固体颗粒、气-固、液-固等的冲击造成,如何能有效的评估冲蚀磨损情况,预测零件的使用寿命、选择合适的材料是研究的主要难题。本文介绍了固体颗粒对材料的冲蚀磨损机制,并引入了固体颗粒的入射角、速度、冲蚀时间、性能、温度和靶材性能等因素,分别对冲蚀磨损情况进行总结。文章采用优化方法进行建模,克服现有实验的难点,提升材料研究周期,降低研究成本。本文介绍了国内外冲蚀磨损数值模拟研究现状,选择Johnson-Cook模型作为材料的本构模型和失效模型,讲述了不同种情况下单粒子和多粒子的冲蚀模拟研究,并对冲蚀磨损下一阶段研究工作方向和存在的问题进行了阐述。     

Wear Behavior and Mechanism of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron

Wear behavior and mechanism of spheroidal graphite cast iron were studied on a pin-on-disk elevated temperature wear tester. The phase and morphology of worn surfaces were examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Results show that with an increase of load, wear rate of spheroidal graphite cast iron gradually increases under low loads, rapidly increases or potentially increases under high loads; wear rate increases with increasing ambient temperature. At 25–200 °C, adhesive wear prevails; oxidative wear and adhesive wear coexist at 100 °C. As load surpasses 150 N at 100 °C, extrusive wear appears. The elevated-temperature wear of spheroidal graphite cast iron is a physical and chemical process including the following reactions: xFe + y/2O₂?Fe_xO_y, 2C + O₂?2CO and Fe_xOy + yCO?xFe+yCO₂. Hence, at 400 °C, the amount of graphite and tribo-oxides are substantially reduced because of reductive function of graphite. It can be suggested that wear-reduced effect of graphite and tribo-oxides is impaired.     

Abrasive Wear Behavior and Mechanism of High Chromium Cast Iron

The abrasive wear behavior of high chromium cast iron(containing 12.9mass%chromium)austenitized at1 050 ℃for 2hand austempered in salt bath at 320℃for 4hwas evaluated.Abrasive wear was performed using alumina abrasive under four different loads,namely 50,100,150,and 200 N,for 36 000 cycles.The worn surfaces and wear debris were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy,laser confocal microscopy and X-ray diffraction.Microhardness profiles were also obtained in order to analyze the strain-hardening effects beneath the contact surfaces.Results indicate that the retained austenite in high chromium cast iron has experienced induced martensitic transformation after tests,for small amounts of retained austenite could be detected by X-ray diffraction.In addition,there is a close relationship between wear mechanism and test load.Under the condition of lower test load,the wear mechanism is an uninterrupted and repeated process,during which matrix is cut at first and then fine carbides flake off.As to higher test load,scratching and spalling induced by cleavage fracture of blocky carbide are the wear mechanism.     

Microstructure, Impact Fatigue Resistance and Impact Wear Resistance of Wear Resistant Low Cr-Si Cast Iron

Wear parts are greatly consumed in metallurgi-cal industry,fire power stations and cement works.The consumption of grinding balls and lining platesmay be the greatestunder such impactabrasive wearconditions.In China,annual consumption of ballsand plates is close to 1× 10 6 t.Therefore,develop-ing a new material for impact wear conditions is veryimportant.　　 The martensitic high chromium cast iron(WCr= 15 % ) is widely studied and used as wear resis-tance material[1— 8] ,especially for ma…     

Abrasive Wear Behavior of High Chromium Cast Iron and Hadfield Steel-- A Comparison

 Abstract： Wear properties of two different crushers used for grinding raw materials of cement industry are compared using pin-on-disk wear test. The wear test was carried out with different loads on a pin. Abrasive wear behavior of two alloys was evaluated by comparing mass loss, wear resistance, microhardness and friction coefficient. The microstructure of the specimens was detected using optical microscope. The results showed that abrasive wear of high chromium cast iron is lower than that of Hadfield steel. Due to the presence of M7C3 carbides on the high chromium cast iron matrix, impact crushers exhibited higher friction coefficient.     

Effect of Microstructure on Impact Fatigue Resistance and Impact Wear Resistance of Medium Cr-Si Cast Iron

 A great amount of iron grinding balls in tube mills have been consumed. Under this impact abrasive wear working condition, the failure of wear resistant alloying white irons grinding balls is mainly caused by fatigue spalling. The impact wear resistance of martensitic high chromium cast iron (Cr of 15%) is not high sometimes, but its cost is not low. Thus, medium Cr Si wear resistant cast iron is recommended. The influence of the iron on impact fatigue resistance and impact wear resistance is pronounced. Ball on ball impact fatigue test and high stress impact wear test of the grinding balls have been carried out. The results show that the impact fatigue resistance (IFR) and impact wear resistance (IWR) of medium Cr Si cast iron are superior to those of martensitic high chromium cast iron (Cr of 15%). The main reasons are that (1) the stress in medium Cr Si cast iron is released in the as cast state; (2) the matrix is fine pearlite with better toughness and plasticity; (3) the pearlite is more stable compared with a retained austenite under repeated impact load and less phase transformation can take place; (4) high silicon content improves the morphology of eutectic carbide; (5) there is no secondary carbide which results in less crack sources. All these factors are beneficial to improvement of impact fatigue spalling resistance. The eutectic carbide M7C3 is the main constituent to resist wear.     

Effect of Microstructure on Impact Wear Resistance Impact Fatigue Resistance and of Medium Cr-Si Cast Iron

A great amount of iron grinding balls in tube mills have been consumed. Under this impact abrasive wear working condition, the failure of wear resistant alloying white irons grinding balls is mainly caused by fatigue spalling. The impact wear resistance of martensitic high chromium cast iron （Cr of 15%） is not high sometimes, but its cost is not low. Thus, medium Cr-Si wear resistant cast iron is recommended. The influence of the iron on impact fatigue resistance and impact wear resistance is pronounced. Ball-on-ball impact fatigue test and high stress impact wear test of the grinding balls have been carried out. The results show that the impact fatigue resistance （IFR） and impact wear resistance （IWR） of medium Cr-Si cast iron are superior to those of martensitic high chromium cast iron （Cr of 15%）. The main reasons are that （1） the stress in medium Cr-Si cast iron is released in the as-cast state; （2） the matrix is fine pearlite with better toughness and plasticity; （3） the pearlite is more stable compared with a retained austenite under repeated impact load and less phase transformation can take place; （4） high silicon content im- proves the morphology of eutectic carbide; （5） there is no seeondary carbide which results in less crack sources. All these factors are beneficial to improvement of impact fatigue spalling resistance. The eutectic carbide M7C3 is the main constituent to resist wear.     

高铬白口铸铁低速重载条件下的干滑动摩擦磨损特性

研究了不同类型碳化物和不同基体组织的高铬白口铸铁在低速（滑动速度为0.4187～1.0467m/s），重载（接触应力为1～21MPa）条件下与淬火40Cr钢（硬度HRC51～53）配副的干滑动摩擦磨损特性，结果表明，在（Fe,Cr)7C3、（Fe,Cr）3C和（Fe,Cr）33C63种碳化物中，（Fe,Cr）7C3有利于提高高铬白口铸铁的耐磨性，（Fe,Cr）3C有利于降低摩擦系数，共析组织，奥氏体和马氏体3种基体相比，共析组织基体使合金具有较高的摩擦系数，而奥氏体基体合金的耐磨性最好，存在一个临界摩擦应力，当摩擦应力大于此值时，磨损率急剧上升。     

Effect of RE Complex Inoculation on the Fatigue Wear Behaviours of High Chromium Cast Iron

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硼对耐磨球墨铸铁组织和力学性能的影响

研究了不同硼含量对含碳3．4％－3．8％、含硅2．0％－3．0％，含锰2．0％－＝3．0％的球墨铸铁铸主热处理态组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着硼含量的增加，铸态组织中的碳化物数量增加，硬度提高，冲击韧性下降，当硼含量大于0．010％时，铸态组织中出现了明显的网状或断网状碳化物，冲击韧性下降幅度较大，经淬火、回火后、碳化物发生不同程度的溶解。当硼含量为0．003％－0．0105时，热处理后碳化物基本消失，硬度保持在HRC50左右，冲击韧性达到或超过9J／cm^2；当硼含量超过0．010％时，热处理后仍存在断网状或条块状碳化物，硬度稍有增加，冲击初性明显下降。     

Effect of Hot Deformation on Formation and Growth of Thermal Fatigue Crack in Chromium Wear Resistant Cast Iron

Chromium wear resistant cast iron is widelyusedin engineering, mining and power industry forits high strength,hardness and wear resistance .Inproduction process , some wear-resistant parts ser-ving in alternative stress due to rapid heating andcooling rate ofteninduces thermal fatigue andresultsinfailure .The badthermal fatigue property of chro-mium wear resistant cast iron is due to eutectic car-bides which distribute as continuous net in matrix.Recent researches showthat hot deformation can …