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Elvira Gonzlez de Mejía Violeta Martínez‐Resendiz Eduardo Castao‐Tostado Guadalupe Loarca‐Pia 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2003,83(10):1022-1030
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of drought on the metabolism of proline, ornithine and polyamines, and the enzymes involved in their synthesis and degradation, in tepary and common bean seeds. Furthermore, the effect on seed yield, protein content and in vitro protein digestibility was also studied. Genotypes of tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) used were: PI‐301‐801 from Nicaragua; G‐400‐35 from Oaxaca, Mexico; L‐242‐24 and L‐242‐36 from Sonora, Mexico; L‐172 from Arizona, USA; and the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) variety Flor de Mayo Bajío (FMB) from Mexico. The cultivars were grown in a greenhouse under controlled temperature, light and humidity. Water content in plants (WCP) decreased when irrigation was stopped (1 and 2 weeks after blooming). Common bean had the lowest WCP value (73.75%), while the best genotypes were PI‐301‐801 (91.62%), G‐400‐35 (88.70%) and L‐242‐24 (85.73%). Tepary bean plants had superior water absorption capacity, which helped to increase yield. De novo synthesis of drought proteins may explain the increased protein content present under drought conditions. The results suggest that water stress induced ornithine amino transferase activity and ornithine concentration. Proline also increased under drought conditions (p < 0.05). Genotypes L‐242‐24 and G‐400‐35, which had the highest yield, also had a major concentration of polyamines under water stress. The results also suggest that arginase activity participated in amino acid synthesis such as ornithine and, consequently, in the protein concentration under water stress. Genotypes G‐400‐35 and L‐242‐24 are good alternatives for cultivation in arid zones. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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《Journal of dairy science》2021,104(9):9801-9812
Variations in major milk minerals, proteins, and their posttranslational modifications are largely under genetic influence, whereas the effect of nongenetic factors is less studied. Through a controlled feeding experiment (incomplete balanced Latin square design), the effect of concentrate mixtures, based on fava beans, rapeseed meal, or soybean meal as main P and protein sources, on milk composition was examined under typical Danish management conditions. Concentrations of P, Ca, and Mg, together with proteomics for relative quantification of major milk proteins and their isoforms, were analyzed in milk samples from 24 cows sampled in 4 periods. Each cow was fed 1 of the 3 diets in each period with or without addition of exogenous phytase. Cows were blocked by lactation stage into early and mid-lactation (23.3 ± 6.7 and 176 ± 15 d in milk, respectively, at the beginning of the experiment, mean ± standard deviation). Significant effects of feed concentrate mixture were observed for milk protein concentration, milk urea nitrogen, citrate, and the percentage of mixed and preformed fatty acids as well as mineral composition, and their distributions within micellar or serum phases. Furthermore, relative contents of αS1-casein (CN) 9P form and unglycosylated κ-CN and thereby phosphorylation degree of αS1-CN (PD) and the glycosylation degree of κ-CN were found to be significantly affected by these diets. To our knowledge, we are the first to document that feed concentrate mixture can affect the relative concentrations of αS1-CN phosphorylation isoforms in milk, and the results suggested an effect on αS1-CN 9P and PD, but not on αS1-CN 8P. Furthermore, although only significant for αS1-CN 8P, we found a lower relative concentration of αS1-CN 8P and higher αS1-CN 9P (and thus higher PD) in milk from cows in mid compared with early lactation. Also, protein concentration and concentration of Mg in skim milk and serum as well as relative concentration of α-lactalbumin were found to be significantly affected by lactation stage. Addition of dietary exogenous phytase only had a minor effect on milk composition or functionality with significant effect detected for α-lactalbumin and micellar Mg concentration. 相似文献
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Olorunfemi Olaofe Eunice O. Oladeji Omotunde I. Ayodeji 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1987,41(3):241-244
The metal contents in 11 cocoa samples collected from different parts of Ondo State, Nigeria, were determined by the use of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The moisture and ash contents of the samples were in the range 2.0–3.2% and 2.0–3.8%, respectively, the means being 2.5% and 2.9%, respectively. The mean contents of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, manganese, iron, copper and zinc were 25.5, 5170, 2480, 21, 17, 15.8, 8.2 and 62 μg g?1, respectively of cocoa bean as purchased. Magnesium was present at much higher levels than the other metals. In some cases the difference between the mean metal content of samples was significant. 相似文献
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本文主要介绍了利用40%冷榨痘 饼和60%黄豆制作腐乳的可行性及工艺过程中需要注意的问题,实验结果,腐乳质量理想,并可降低产品成本。 相似文献
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高效液相色谱法测定食品中齐墩果酸的含量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用高效液相色谱法对绿豆、赤豆、莲子、枣中的齐墩果酸进行分离和分析,所用色谱柱为NucleodurC18柱(250mm×4.6mmi.d.,5μm);流动相:80%乙醇;在选定色谱条件下其齐墩果酸的线性范围良好,样品加样回受率在96.7%~101.5%,相对标准偏差在0.64%~2.89%。 相似文献
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Naoki Nishino Mayumi Taniguchi Ei Sakaguchi 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2001,81(11):1055-1059
The antinutritional activities of trypsin inhibitors (TIs) were compared between winged beans (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and soya beans (Glycine max). The inhibitors of the two beans were isolated by trypsin‐bound Sepharose 4B, and 50 mg of lyophilised powders were intubated intragastrically into 24 h fasted rats. The activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin were compared after 30, 60 and 180 min in the washings of the upper, middle and lower parts of the small intestine. The elution profiles of TI and non‐TI compounds in the affinity chromatography were similar in the two beans, and the antitryptic activities were concentrated 5.5 and 6.2 times (based on specific activity) for winged beans and soya beans respectively. Regardless of the TI fed to rats, trypsin activity in the upper intestine was suppressed to almost undetectable levels at 30 and 60 min after intubation. The activities in the middle and lower intestines were also substantially lowered when rats were fed winged bean TI, and significant differences were detected at 30 and 60 min after intubation when compared with rats fed soya bean TI. However, at 180 min after feeding, no differences were found in the trypsin activity in any gut segments. Similar inhibitory properties of isolated TIs were observed in chymotrypsin activities in the small intestine. The results suggest that winged bean TI may have greater inhibitory activity on the intestinal proteinase compared with soya bean TI. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Drying kinetics,physico‐chemical properties,antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of foam‐mat dried germinated rice bean (Vigna umbellata) hydrolysate
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Burachat Sritongtae Michael R. A. Morgan Kiattisak Duangmal 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2017,52(7):1710-1721
This research was aimed to study physico‐chemical properties and antioxidant activities of foam‐mat dried germinated rice bean (Vigna umbellata) hydrolysate. Germination led to an increase in released phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP) of rice bean hydrolysate. The hydrolysate obtained from germinated rice bean (GRB) and non‐germinated rice beans (NGRBs) was foam‐mat dried at 60 and 70 °C. Semi‐theoretical and empirical model could suitably describe the drying characteristic of foamed bean hydrolysate. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of foam‐mat dried samples decreased with increasing air‐drying temperature (P ≤ 0.05). Gallic acid, catechol and epicatechin were major phenolic compounds in foam‐mat dried samples prepared from both GRB and NGRB. The higher phenolic content and antioxidant activities were found in foam‐mat dried hydrolysate of GRB. Electron spin resonance spectrometry revealed that foam‐mat dried rice bean hydrolysate showed a strong ability to scavenge free radicals, especially carbon‐centred radicals. 相似文献
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Hang Li Liang Zou Xin-Yan Li Ding-Tao Wu Hong-Yan Liu Hua-Bin Li Ren-You Gan 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2022,21(3):2335-2362
Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), also called red bean, is a legume of Fabaceae (Leguminosae) family. This crop is native to East Asia and is also commercially available in other parts of the world. It is becoming a research focus owing to its distinct nutritional properties (e.g., abundant in polyphenols). The diverse health benefits and multiple utilization of this pulse are associated with its unique composition. However, there is a paucity of reviews focusing on the nutritional properties and potent applications of adzuki beans. This review summarizes the chemical compositions, physicochemical properties, health benefits, processing, and applications of adzuki beans. Suggestions on how to better utilize the adzuki bean are also provided to facilitate its development as a functional grain. Adzuki bean and its components can be further developed into value-added and nutritionally enhanced products. 相似文献
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Shiyu Li Xuewei Feng Xiyu Hao Yingying Zhu Liang Zou Xin Chen Yang Yao 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2023,22(4):3292-3327
The popularity of plant-based proteins has increased, and mung bean protein (MBP) has gained immense attention due to its high yield, nutritional value, and health benefits. MBP is rich in lysine and has a highly digestible indispensable amino acid score. Dry and wet extractions are used to extract MBP flours and concentrates/isolates, respectively. To enhance the quality of commercial MBP flours, further research is needed to refine the purity of MBPs using dry extraction methods. Furthermore, MBP possesses various biological potential and techno-functional properties, but its use in food systems is limited by some poor functionalities, such as solubility. Physical, biological, and chemical technologies have been used to improve the techno-functional properties of MBP, which has expanded its applications in traditional foods and novel fields, such as microencapsulation, three-dimensional printing, meat analogs, and protein-based films. However, study on each modification technique remains inadequate. Future research should prioritize exploring the impact of these modifications on the biological potential of MBP and its internal mechanisms of action. This review aims to provide ideas and references for future research and the development of MBP processing technology. 相似文献
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Abstract: Two assays were conducted to investigate the changes of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and azuki bean (Vigna angularis L.) phosphatases (phytase [Phy] and acid phosphatase [AcPh]) and the degradation of its substrates (inositol phosphate esters) during seed germination. The 1st assay was to establish the optimal germination conditions of faba bean and azuki bean to improve the endogenous phosphatases and increase the hydrolysis of phytate and, in the second assay, to determine the different lower phosphate esters of myo‐inositol produced during the germination process. In the 1st assay, seeds were soaked for 12 and 24 h and germinated for 3 and 5 d with and without the addition of gibberellic acid (GA3). In the second assay, seeds were soaked for 12 h and germinated for 1, 3, and 5 d with GA3. Phy (up to 3625 and 1340 U/kg) and AcPh (up to 9456 and 2740 U/g) activities, and inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) (8.23 and 7.46 mg/g), inositol pentaphosphate (IP5) (0.55 and 0.82 mg/g), and inositol tetraphosphate (IP4) (0.26 and 0.01 mg/g) were detected in ungerminated faba bean and azuki bean, respectively. The germination process caused a significant increase of Phy and AcPh activities in faba bean (up to 147% and 210%) and azuki bean (up to 211% and 596%) and a reduction in the phytate phosphorus content (up to 81% and 63%, respectively). Phytate phosphorus content was affected only by soaking time in the case of faba bean. Finally, during the course of germination, IP6 and IP5 were rapidly degraded in faba bean (88% and 39%) and azuki bean (55% and 56%), and IP4 was only a short‐living intermediate, which was increased during hydrolysis and degraded to inositol triphosphate. In this manner we could obtain a low‐phytate, endogenous phosphatase‐rich ingredient for enhancing human nutrition. 相似文献
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C. Cherif F. Hassanat S. Claveau J. Girard R. Gervais C. Benchaar 《Journal of dairy science》2018,101(10):8916-8928
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of replacing on isonitrogenous and isoenergetic basis soybean meal (SBM) and corn grain with ground or rolled faba bean (FB; Vicia faba major var. Baie-Saint-Paul) in dairy cow diets (17% of diet dry matter) on nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, N utilization, methane production, and milk performance. For this purpose, 9 lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (35-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (forage:concentrate ratio = 59:41 on a dry matter basis). In the concentrate portion, SBM and corn grain (control diet) were completely and partially replaced, respectively, with either ground or rolled FB. Ruminal degradability (in sacco) of crude protein was higher for ground FB (79.4%) compared with SBM (53.3%) and rolled FB (53.2%). Including FB in the diet did not affect dry matter intake, milk production, and milk composition. Experimental treatment had no effect on total volatile fatty acid concentration, acetate-to-propionate ratio, and protozoa numbers. Compared with cows fed the control diet, ruminal NH3 concentration increased and tended to increase for cows fed ground FB and rolled FB, respectively; however, we found no difference in ruminal NH3 concentration between the 2 processed FB. Apparent total-tract digestibility of crude protein was similar between cows fed the control diet and cows fed rolled FB and tended to increase for cows fed ground FB compared with cows fed the control diet. Feeding rolled FB decreased CP digestibility compared with feeding ground FB. Urinary and manure (feces + urine) N excretion (g/d or as a proportion of N intake) were not affected by the inclusion of FB in the diet. Enteric CH4 production was similar among the experimental diets. Results from this study show that including FB (17% of dietary dry matter) at the expense of SBM and corn grain in the diet had no effect on milk production, N excretion, and enteric CH4 production of dairy cows. 相似文献
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Comparison of free amino acids,antioxidants, soluble phenolic acids,cytotoxicity and immunomodulation of fermented mung bean and soybean
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Norlaily Mohd Ali Swee‐Keong Yeap Hamidah Mohd Yusof Boon‐Kee Beh Wan‐Yong Ho Soo‐Peng Koh Mohd Puad Abdullah Noorjahan Banu Alitheen Kamariah Long 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2016,96(5):1648-1658
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为了满足消费者对豆瓣酱的多种需求,分别介绍了用生蚕豆瓣和熟蚕豆瓣生产豆瓣酱的方法,重点阐述了原料选择、配方、工艺流程及操作要点,并介绍了豆瓣酱成品配制的方法。各种豆瓣酱成品的特点是:纯豆瓣酱,色鲜有酱香,瓣子疏松软化;红椒豆瓣酱,色红、有香气,椒酱细腻,麻辣味突出;椒油豆瓣酱,深棕褐色,油润发亮,均匀一致,间见瓣粒,醇香与酱香浑为一体。 相似文献
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采用红小豆为原料加工豆沙,以吸水率、出沙率(干基)为指标,对浸泡和蒸煮2个关键工序进行工艺优化,并跟踪其加工过程中主要营养与功能成分的动态变化。结果表明,水温45℃、浸泡12h时,红小豆吸水率最大,为(94.67±1.29)%;料液比1:2(g/mL)、温度110℃、蒸煮40min时,出沙率最高,为(65.69±0.68)%。制沙过程中,红小豆营养、功能成分显著降低(P0.05),黄酮、多酚、单宁等主要功能成分的损失率显著高于蛋白质、脂肪和灰分(P0.05),尤其黄酮在浸泡、蒸煮、制沙洗沙工序的损失率较大(分别为39.62%,48.42%,13.08%)。成品豆沙中蛋白质含量达21.48%(干基),而多酚和单宁则富集于豆渣中,含量(干基)分别为162.30,14.26mg/100g,具有一定增值利用潜力。 相似文献
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Yuwei Luo Weihua Xie Qunxiang Cui 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2010,45(2):358-364
Simulations of gastro‐intestinal digestion was used to try to identify the nature of the complexes between antinutritional factors and zinc in faba bean fractions. In the hull fraction, the action of phytases and the simultaneous action of cellulase and phytase allowed about 7% and 35% additional zinc to be solubilised, respectively. Single enzymatic degradation of phytates from dehulled faba bean allowed solubilisation from 65% to 93% of zinc depending upon the treatment. The zinc of faba bean flour was mainly linked to phytates and the greater the degree of phytate degradation before in vitro digestion, the greater the quantity of zinc released. In dehulled faba bean zinc was almost exclusively chelated by phytates. In the hull of faba bean, the majority of zinc was chelated in complexes between phytates and fibres. 相似文献