三叶青根多糖提取工艺优化、分离纯化及结构表征

采用水浴提取三叶青根多糖(Polysaccharides from roots of Radix Tetrastigma,RTP),以多糖提取得率为响应指标,在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面分析方法确定三叶青根多糖提取的最佳工艺为:提取温度96℃、液料比34:1(mL/g)、提取时间2h,该条件下三叶青根多糖提取得率为(21.23±0.77)%。通过Sevage法除蛋白,并依次经DEAE-52离子交换柱、Sepharose CL-4B凝胶柱分级纯化,得到组分RTP-3-1。高效液相凝胶渗透色谱分析RTP-3-1为高纯度多糖,其分子量为1 244.2kDa,傅里叶红外光谱分析显示RTP-3-1是酸性多糖,核磁共振氢谱显示RTP-3-1为α型多糖。     

基于UPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS技术的不同产地太子参水提物化学组成分析

基于超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆飞行时间高分辨质谱（UPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS）结合多元统计分析技术对不同产地太子参水提物化学组成进行比较分析。通过多级串联质谱分析,对其质谱数据进行峰匹配、峰对齐、滤噪处理等进行特征峰提取;根据一级质谱精确质荷比和二级质谱碎片信息,结合软件数据库搜索及相关文献进行成分鉴别;用PCA和PLS-DA进行数据处理,找出不同产地太子参水提物的差异化学成分。结果显示,太子参水提物中主要含有氨基酸、核苷、糖、有机酸等17种化学成分,其主成分为精氨酸;4个不同产地太子参水提物中化学成分差异明显,福建柘荣太子参水提物中异丁酰基甘氨酸、鸟嘌呤、腺苷含量较高,贵州施秉太子参水提物中含有较多的尿苷-5’-单磷酸、异麦芽糖,安徽宣城太子参水提物中精氨酸、月桂酸、5-甲基胞苷、谷氨酸、组氨酸和苯丙氨酸含量较高,江苏句容太子参水提物中含有较多的N-乙酰-5-甲氧基色胺。      

Protective effect of dried safflower petal aqueous extract and its main constituent,carthamus yellow,against lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages

BACKGROUND: Safflower, whose botanic name is Carthamus tinctorius L., is a member of the family Compositae or Asteraceae. Carthamus yellow (CY) is the main constituent of safflower and is composed of safflomin A and safflomin B. Dried safflower petals are used in folk medicine and have been shown to invigorate blood circulation, break up blood stasis, and promote menstruation. In addition, dried safflower petals contain yellow dyes that are used to color food and cosmetics. In this study, we investigated the effects of dried safflower petals aqueous extracts (SFA) and CY on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammation using RAW264.7 macrophages. RESULTS: Our data showed that treatment with SFA (1–1000 µg mL^?1) and CY (1–2000 µg mL^?1) does not cause cytotoxicity in cells. SFA and CY inhibited LPS‐stimulated nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), and interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) release, through attenuation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) protein expression. Further, SFA and CY suppressed the LPS‐induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor‐κB, which was associated with the inhibition of IκB‐α degradation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that SFA and CY provide an anti‐inflammatory response through inhibiting the production of NO and PGE₂ by the downregulation of iNOS and COX‐2 gene expression. Thus safflower petals have the potential to provide a therapeutic approach to inflammation‐associated disorders. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

三叶青原花青素结构分析

利用核磁共振碳谱、反相高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用技术联合基质辅助激光解析离子化飞行时间质谱（matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF MS）技术对三叶青根、茎及叶原花青素进行结构分析。结果表明,三叶青原花青素主要由原花青定和原翠雀定构成,末端单元以儿茶素为主,延伸单元以表儿茶素和表没食子儿茶素为主。三叶青根、茎及叶原花青素的平均聚合度分别为4.89±0.33、3.77±0.19及4.45±0.48。利用MALDI-TOF MS检测出三叶青根、茎原花青素的三聚体到十聚体,叶原花青素的三聚体到十一聚体。每个聚体内部普遍存在（表）儿茶素和（表）没食子儿茶素结构单元,没食子酰基化以及A型连接。三叶青根、茎及叶原花青素在结构上具有一定的相似性。本研究结果可为三叶青原花青素的基础研究和开发利用提供一定参考。     

Anti-inflammatory effect of the extract from fermented <Emphasis Type="Italic">Asterina pectinifera</Emphasis> with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cordyceps militaris</Emphasis> mycelia in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages

In our previous work, Asterina pectinifera was fermented with Cordyceps militaris mycelia to improve its bioactivities and was reported to have strong antioxidant activities. The aim of the current study was to investigate its anti-inflammatory effect and mechanisms of action. In this study, we observed the inhibitory effect of the extract from fermented A. pectinifera with C. militaris mycelia (FACM) on nitric oxide (NO) production and its molecular mechanism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. FACM could decrease LPS-induced NO production. Western blot analysis showed that FACM could down-regulate LPS-induced expression of inducible NO synthase without affecting cyclooxygenase-2. Moreover, FACM exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells through proinflammatory mediators including TNF-α and IL-6 via nuclear factor kappa B pathway. FACM inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase expression. Our results suggest that FACM may be a potential candidate for inflammation therapy by attenuating the generation of cytokines, production of NO, and generation of ROS in RAW264.7 cells.     

Identification of the flavonoid fraction in saffron spice by LC/DAD/MS/MS: Comparative study of samples from different geographical origins

The flavonoid fraction in saffron spice has been analysed, for the first time, by LC-DAD-MS/MS ESI and five kaempferol derivatives have been found. Compounds such as kaempferol-3-sophoroside, kaempferol-3-sophoroside-7-glucoside and kaempferol-3,7,4′-triglucoside were tentatively identified, whereas other compounds, such as kaempferol tetrahexoside and kaempferol-3-dihexoside were detected. Saffron samples from different geographical origins were clearly separated by their kaempferol 3-sophoroside contents that were able to explain 100% of the variance when a discriminant test was carried out.