基于推广视角的后奥运时代食品供应链可追溯体系框架设计研究

随着编码和信息通信技术的发展,可追溯体系被逐渐应用到食品供应链管理中,以确保食品安全。本文通过建立一般通用的食品可追溯体系框架结构,为北京后奥运时代食品可追溯体系在供应链中的实施和推广提供一种整体分析的方法。     

可追溯体系在食品供应链中的应用

食品可追溯体系是一种以增进产品质量为目的,以信息处理为技术基础的质量安全保障体系,目前已成为很多国家管理食品质量安全的重要手段。本文简要说明了食品可追溯含义及食品可追溯体系分类和应用的技术,并介绍了可追溯体系在食品供应链中的应用及构建食品供应链可追溯体系的意义。     

Food safety in global supply chains: A literature review

This paper aimed to revisit the literature on food safety in global supply chains and analyze the evolution and contemporary challenges in this research field. It conducted a systematic literature review in two steps based on a selection of 178 articles. It analyzed safety in food supply chains using the Six T's Framework to evaluate food safety management. In the supply chain literature, traceability was the most studied element of the original framework. The research identified studies that have incorporated the topics of “tactics” and “targets” in their analysis of safety in supply chains. This article presented an expanded framework, a tool for categorizing research, and areas for advancement in the identification of quality indicators in global food chains for the current research agenda. The paper contributed theoretically to the discussion of safety elements in food supply chains and incorporated new elements into the originally conceived framework. Thus, it helped to delineate the research field and opened up an agenda for future research.     

Modeling traceability information in soybean value chains

Identification of the information to be recorded is the most important requirement for developing an effective traceability system. In this paper, we present a soybean value chain and model the information capture by three links in the chain including the farming, bulk handling and processing sectors. Internal information capture points were identified for each sector and the corresponding traceability information to be recorded was determined. In-depth analyses were conducted for a soybean elevator and an oil and meal processor to determine the importance of traceability information from their perspective. A lot of information is available at different links in the soybean value chain. The method presented here can be used to create a standardized list of data elements that need to be recorded internally or exchanged with other links in the chain. A UML class diagram is developed to represent a method for modeling the product, process, quality and transformation information at any link in the chain. Finally, some suitable technologies for electronic information exchange within the food supply chains are presented.     

Framework for implementing traceability system in the bulk grain supply chain

Implementation of a traceability system in the bulk grain supply chain is a complex task. Grain lots are often commingled to meet buyer specifications and the lot-identity is not maintained. In this paper, a systems approach is used to develop methods for implementing bulk grain supply chain traceability in the United States, that includes both internal and chain traceability. First, the usage requirements of a traceability system are defined for all the actors in the supply chain. Second, a model is developed for implementing internal traceability system for a grain elevator that handles specialty grain. Then, we develop a model for information exchange between the supply chain actors. The model shows what grain lot information must be recorded and then passed on to the next actor. A sequence diagram is developed to show the information exchange in the grain supply chain when a user requests additional information about a suspect product. Finally, we discuss some suitable technologies to enable this information exchange. A few sample XML documents are shown for the transfer and sharing of information in the grain supply chain.     

食品供应链可追溯体系研究

建立食品及其供应链活动准确、及时的可追溯体系已经成为食品行业健康发展的一个主要因素。文中主要讨论了食品供应链及其可追溯体系的概念、可追溯系统的分类及特征、用于可追溯体系建立的技术及其发展等内容。同时指出了有关食品可追溯体系后续有待研究的一些问题。     

The role of smart packaging system in food supply chain

Food supply chain is a rapidly growing integrated sector and covers all the aspects from farm to fork, including manufacturing, packaging, distribution, storing, as well as further processing or cooking for consumption. Along this chain, smart packaging could impact the quality, safety, and sustainability of food. Packaging systems have evolved to be smarter with integration of emerging electronics and wireless communication and cloud data solutions. Although there are many factors causing the loss and waste issues for foods throughout the whole supply chain of food and there have been several articles showing the recent advances and breakthroughs in developing smart packaging systems, this review integrates these conceptual frameworks and technological applications and focuses on how innovative smart packaging solutions are beneficial to the overall quality and safety of food supply by enhancing product traceability and reducing the amount of food loss and waste. We start by introducing the concept of the management for the integrated food supply chain, which is critical in tactical and operational components that can enhance product traceability within the entire chain. Then we highlight the impact of smart packaging in reducing food loss and waste. We summarize the basic information of the common printing techniques for smart packaging system (sensor and indicator). Then, we discuss the potential challenges in the manufacturing and deployment of smart packaging systems, as well as their cost-related drawbacks and further steps in food supply chain.     

食品供应链基于区块链的溯源体系研究评述与展望

文章在Web of Science网站上通过主题词搜索筛选出相关文献,运用CiteSpace软件绘制了相关文献的关键词共现知识图谱,并进行了整体分析;发现物联网与区块链技术的结合已成为食品供应链溯源体系发展的主流趋势;阐述了基于区块链的食品供应链溯源体系目前的优势以及未来的挑战。     

食品组学技术在食品真伪鉴别和溯源方面应用进展

食品真伪鉴别和溯源技术是保障食品安全的重要手段。食品鉴别和溯源技术是对食品的真伪、产地和来源等相关信息进行分析及追溯,在食品质量与安全领域中占据强有力的地位。随着食品掺假频发、掺假手段多样,传统检测方法已不能满足食品的质量与安全管理要求,因此亟须发展新型快速准确的食品鉴别和溯源技术。食品组学是近年新兴的采用基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学及代谢组学等组学技术系统研究食品的营养与安全的一类技术,因其强大的物质鉴定功能,可以为食品鉴别和溯源提供科学依据和技术支撑。本文对食品组学技术在食品真伪鉴别和溯源方面的应用进展进行了综述,并对未来食品组学技术的发展趋势进行了展望,以期为食品质量与安全控制提供技术参考,保障人民身体健康和生活质量。     

Design of an integrated supply chain model for supporting traceability of dairy products

An efficient traceability system must follow some rules that define which data must be gathered and stored in each stage of the supply chain. This is achieved by data standardization and typification of the messages that enable storing and communication of the data. By establishing and modelling these concepts, we developed a model that supports traceability in the food supply chain. The reference model presented in this paper consists of three distinct phases that represent stages of real-life supply chains, and is the basis for the development of a web application for traceability management in the dairy sector.     

Current Barriers to Large‐scale Interoperability of Traceability Technology in the Seafood Sector

Interoperability is a critical component of full‐chain digital traceability, but is almost nonexistent in the seafood industry. Using both quantitative and qualitative methodology, this study explores the barriers impeding progress toward large‐scale interoperability among digital traceability systems in the seafood sector from the perspectives of seafood companies, technology vendors, and supply chains as a whole. We highlight lessons from recent research and field work focused on implementing traceability across full supply chains and make some recommendations for next steps in terms of overcoming challenges and scaling current efforts.     

Implementing Interoperability in the Seafood Industry: Learning from Experiences in Other Sectors

Interoperability of communication and information technologies within and between businesses operating along supply chains is being pursued and implemented in numerous industries worldwide to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of operations. The desire for greater interoperability is also driven by the need to reduce business risk through more informed management decisions. Interoperability is achieved by the development of a technology architecture that guides the design and implementation of communication systems existing within individual businesses and between businesses comprising the supply chain. Technology architectures are developed through a purposeful dialogue about why the architecture is required, the benefits and opportunities that the architecture offers the industry, and how the architecture will translate into practical results. An assessment of how the finance, travel, and health industries and a sector of the food industry—fresh produce—have implemented interoperability was conducted to identify lessons learned that can aid the development of interoperability in the seafood industry. The findings include identification of the need for strong, effective governance during the establishment and operation of an interoperability initiative to ensure the existence of common protocols and standards. The resulting insights were distilled into a series of principles for enabling syntactic and semantic interoperability in any industry, which we summarize in this article. Categorized as “structural,” “operational,” and “integrative,” the principles describe requirements and solutions that are pivotal to enabling businesses to create and capture value from full chain interoperability. The principles are also fundamental to allowing governments and advocacy groups to use traceability for public good.     

基于量子区块链的食品冷链追溯系统构建

疫情防控背景下,冷链食品质量安全备受关注,但当前食品冷链追溯系统建设不完善,仍存在缺乏信任、信息不对称、追溯环节缺失等问题,针对这些问题,本文提出基于量子区块链的食品冷链追溯系统构建思路。在量子区块链中,区块中的记录被编码成一连串彼此缠绕的量子,运用量子密钥分发技术代替传统区块链非对称加密传输,以量子签名进行身份验证,形成纠缠量子态对照效应,达成量子共识,保证任意节点之间数据传输的真实性,防止数据被篡改。结合分布式存储、智能合约等技术实现追溯系统所有节点共同参与、共同维护。从冷链信息采集业务层、网络数据管理层以及系统应用层3个层级对冷链追溯系统进行构建,并进一步探讨系统运行机制。本文欲利用量子通信技术充分发挥区块链优势,从而更好地解决当前冷链食品追溯面临的困境,为探索构建真实高效、可持续实施的食品安全追溯系统提供参考。     

A Guidance Document on the Best Practices in Food Traceability

Several regulatory agencies around the world are involved in rulemaking to improve the traceability of foods. Given the complexity of the global food system, guidance on improving traceability practices across the entire food industry is a challenge. A review of the current regulations and best practices indicates that “one back, one forward” is the minimum traceability requirement. There are also no uniform requirements across different food sectors, supply chains, or countries for collection of Critical Tracking Events (CTEs) and Key Data Elements (KDEs). There is a need for standardized and harmonized requirements across all food sectors compared with developing specialized rules and mandates, including exceptions, for specific foods. This document presents food traceability best practices guidance and it addresses the unknowns and gaps in understanding and the broad applicability of a CTE–KDE framework. It applies this framework to 6 food sectors as bakery, dairy, meat and poultry, processed foods, produce, and seafood. An analysis of similarities and differences across these sectors is conducted to determine broader applicability to other foods. Fifty‐five experts from 11 countries were involved in developing this guidance. This guidance document is intended for regulatory agencies and the food industry. Regulators will find it useful in developing regulations and/or guidance applicable to most foods. Industry will find the minimum criteria that are necessary to manage a proper food traceability system, with the understanding that companies can choose to exceed the minimum level of criteria established. This guidance is intended to serve as a step toward consistent baseline requirements for food traceability.     

区块链视角下食品供应链多方演化博弈模型

目的：探究区块链应用于食品供应链的影响因素及食品供应链各参与方的行为问题。方法：运用演化博弈方法,构建食品企业、政府和消费者的三方博弈模型,并建立复制动态方程;分析了不同初始值、接入成本、溢价系数、信息真实度等参数变化对于三方策略选择的影响。结果：系统的稳定状态与初始策略人群占比有关;区块链接入成本对食品企业的策略选择影响较大,过高的接入成本会抑制食品企业信息上链的积极性,不利于区块链技术在食品溯源体系的应用推广;因接入区块链导致的溢价会影响消费者购买的积极性;区块链技术的不可篡改性可以提高食品溯源信息的真实度,从而有利于三方主体向着理想状态演化。结论：为从根本上解决食品溯源信息的真实性问题,食品企业应在保证溯源信息真实性的前提下降低可追溯食品溢价程度的价格,政府应在控制可追溯食品的溢价的前提下提高消费者购买的积极性。     

燕窝真伪鉴别研究发展趋势剖析与展望

燕窝是由金丝燕及多种同属燕类所筑的巢窝,主产于马来西亚、印度尼西亚等东南亚国家和地区,自古以来一直被视为一种名贵中药和珍稀食品。近年来,燕窝在我国的消费量呈逐年上升趋势,与此同时,燕窝的进口价格也在逐渐攀升。受巨额经济利益的驱使,市场中燕窝的掺假掺杂现象严重。为了实现对燕窝质量的有效监管,燕窝真伪鉴别研究一直处于不断发展和创新中。本文从燕窝掺假、物种来源和产地及生产方式溯源等方面对燕窝真伪鉴别研究的现状进行了分析,并展望了未来的研究热点和发展趋势,为从事燕窝真伪鉴别研究的科研人员提供参考。     

蔬菜质量安全追溯编码的研究

制定蔬菜质量安全编码原则,设计蔬菜追溯编码方案。提出一套从蔬菜初级产品生产到消费的追溯编码模式,在对EAN·UCC 全球统一标识体系研究的基础上,结合农产品供应链的实际情况及国家有关标准,对蔬菜产地、产品、采收、加工、追溯等5 个主要环节进行编码研究。其编码应用有利于规范蔬菜生产、加工、流通、销售企业(组织或机构)追溯管理,为实现蔬菜质量安全追溯提供技术保障。     

And what would you like for lunch Dr Frankenstein? The food supply chain: past history and future visions

A model of the key drivers influencing the food supply chain is tested by considering the historical and current examples of technologies and used to speculate on the probabilities of success of new technologies. The successful technologies are likely to be those that offer benefits to each element of the supply chain. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Modeling traceability information and functionality requirement in export-oriented tilapia chain

BACKGROUND: Tilapia has been named as the ‘food fish of the 21st century’ and has become the most important farmed fish. China is the world leader in tilapia production and export. Identifying information and functional requirements is critical in developing an efficient traceability system because traceability has become a fundamental prerequisite for exporting aquaculture products. RESULTS: This paper examines the export‐oriented tilapia chains and information flow in the chains, and identifies the key actors, information requirements and information‐capturing points. Unified Modeling Language (UML) technology is adopted to describe the information and functionality requirement for chain traceability. The barriers of traceability system adoption are also identified. CONCLUSION: The results show that the traceability data consist of four categories that must be recorded by each link in the chain. The functionality requirement is classified into four categories from the fundamental information record to decisive quality control; the top three barriers to the traceability system adoption are: high costs of implementing the system, lack of experienced and professional staff; and low level of government involvement and support. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry