金松酸对HepG2细胞中甘油三酯蓄积的影响

为探讨香榧金松酸(SA)对甘油三酯(TG)蓄积的影响及其作用机制,本研究以HepG2为模型细胞,首先采用MTT法确定油酸(OA)与SA的临界安全浓度,然后通过油红染色法观察细胞内脂质积累情况并定量测定了细胞内TG含量,最后利用RT-qPCR分析SA对细胞脂质代谢关键基因的影响。结果显示：OA和SA总添加量为500 mol/L,随着SA替换量从0%上升到100%,细胞内TG蓄积明显降低,从0.033 mmol/g减低到0.017 mmol/g;脂肪酸合成关键基因FAS、ACC1、SCD1、SREBP1的表达量分别降低了40.92%、62.01%、25.56%、43.79%,脂肪酸氧化关键基因SCD1、PPARα的表达量分别提高了143.94%、445.11%,TG分解基因ATGL的表达量增加了123.71%。因此,SA显著抑制了细胞TG蓄积,其可能机制是SA通过上调TG分解代谢关键酶同时下调TG合成代谢关键酶。作为天然食物成分,SA在减肥食品开发方面具有良好的应用前景。     

棕榈油酸对高脂血症小鼠血脂代谢的影响

探讨棕榈油酸(POA)对高脂血症小鼠的影响。将25只小鼠随机分成空白对照组、高脂血症模型组、棕榈油酸高、中、低剂量组5个小组,每组5只。采用高脂饲料建立小鼠高脂血症模型,连续给药30 d后,测体重;取血测定各剂量组高脂血症小鼠血清中总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量。结果表明,棕榈油酸能够有效抑制高脂血症小鼠体重的增长,降低血清中TC、TG、LDL-C水平,增加HDL-C水平。灌胃适量棕榈油酸可以达到控制体重增长,降低高脂血症的目的。     

皱纹盘鲍内脏脂质对人肝癌细胞HepG2脂质调节作用研究

本研究探讨了皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)内脏脂质(Haliotis discus hannai visceral lipid,HDHL)对人肝癌细胞HepG2的脂质代谢的影响,对HDHL脂肪酸成分、HepG2细胞活性、细胞内胆固醇和甘油三酯含量以及脂肪酸代谢相关m RNA基因的表达情况进行了研究。研究发现HDHL中不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸含量59.50%,其中多不饱和脂肪酸占29.71%。HDHL与HepG2细胞共孵培养24 h及48 h后,浓度为0～240μg/m L的HDHL对HepG2细胞无毒性影响。30～240μg/m L HDHL可显著降低HepG2总胆固醇含量,30～120μg/m LHDHL共孵HepG2细胞后,细胞内甘油三酯含量显著降低。q PCR结果显示HDHL可显著降低HepG2细胞脂肪酸合成相关基因SREBP1c、ACC1、FAS和脂肪酸转运吸收相关基因CD36 m RNA水平的表达,提高线粒体脂肪酸氧化基因CPT1的表达。因此,HDHL可能通过抑制脂肪酸合成和脂肪酸转运,增强线粒体中脂肪酸氧化等途径有效调节细胞脂质代谢,该研究为脂质调节功能食品的开发提供理论依据。     

芥子酸对油酸诱导HepG2细胞脂毒性模型 差异表达基因的影响

菜籽油富含酚酸,其中芥子酸具有较强的抗氧化能力,能够清除氧自由基,提高细胞氧化应激反应能力。以油酸诱导HepG2细胞构建脂毒性模型,通过RNA-seq分析芥子酸干预对HepG2细胞差异表达基因的影响,并对HepG2细胞中差异表达基因进行了GO分类和KEGG富集分析。结果表明：对照组、模型组、实验组、模型实验组间均存在差异表达基因,与对照组相比,模型组、模型实验组和实验组中下调基因多于上调基因。GO功能分类分析发现油酸和芥子酸主要从细胞过程、刺激反应、催化活性方面影响细胞物质代谢和酶的催化基因表达。在KEGG通路富集中,油酸和芥子酸干预改变了HepG2细胞相关有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路、松弛素信号通路和白细胞介素17信号通路等多个通路,说明芥子酸对细胞有机系统有一定的影响,并且可以通过调节PPAR信号通路来刺激PPARγ的活性从而影响脂肪的代谢与沉积。     

小黑药亲电成分干预混合游离脂肪酸诱导的人肝癌细胞株HepG2脂肪变性研究

采用GSH功能化磁珠靶向敲出小黑药亲电成分并用LC-MS表征,基于游离脂肪酸(FFA)诱导的HepG2细胞脂肪变性模型,评价小黑药亲电成分降低肝细胞脂质累积和氧化应激的作用和机制。结果表明:小黑药亲电成分主要集中在乙酸乙酯部位;在0.5~2.0mg/mL浓度下,小黑药石油醚部位、乙酸乙酯部位、水部位均具有降低脂肪变性细胞脂质累积和ROS生成的活性,其中乙酸乙酯部位在各浓度下效果最好;乙酸乙酯部位在各浓度下具有降低细胞内TG、TC水平和提高细胞内抗氧化酶活性的作用;经过GSH功能化磁珠靶向敲出亲电化合物后,乙酸乙酯部位在2.0μg/mL浓度下对细胞内TG水平的降低和细胞内抗氧化酶水平的提高效果显著减弱。乙酸乙酯部位萃取物上调Nrf2及下游NQO1、HO-1、GCLC基因,下调脂质合成基因SREBP1c、ACC1、FAS的表达,促进脂质分解基因PPARα、CPT1A的表达;而靶向敲出亲电成分后,乙酸乙酯部位萃取物调控脂代谢和抗氧化相关基因的作用明显下降。LC-MS表征亲电成分敲出前后乙酸乙酯部位样品,发现了7个变化的主要质谱峰,推测其为主要的亲电化合物。小黑药中亲电化合物可以改善脂肪酸诱导的脂肪变性,其机制主要与抗氧化和脂代谢相关基因的调节有关。     

油酸乙氧基化物与硬脂酸乙氧基化物的合成与性能

以油酸和硬脂酸为原料,与环氧乙烷(EO)反应得到平均EO加合数为15的油酸乙氧基化物(OAE-15)和硬脂酸乙氧基化物(SAE-15)。通过FT-IR以及化学方法确定了生成物的结构。对OAE-15和SAE-15的物化性能和应用性能进行了测试并进行了对比,结果表明:SAE-15的去污性能优于OAE-15,降低表面张力的能力和效率都高于OAE-15,二者泡沫性能相当;OAE-15的润湿性能和乳化性能都优于SAE-15。     

Effect of palmitic acid-enriched supplements containing stearic or oleic acid on nutrient digestibility and milk production of low- and high-producing dairy cows

We evaluated the effects of fatty acid (FA) supplement blends containing 60% palmitic acid (C16:0) and either 30% stearic acid (C18:0) or 30% oleic acid (cis-9 C18:1) on nutrient digestibility and milk production of low- and high-producing dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows [118 ± 44 d in milk (DIM)] were divided into 2 blocks by milk production and then randomly assigned to treatment sequence in four 3 × 3 Latin squares within production level, balanced for carryover effects in three consecutive 21-d periods. Cows were blocked by milk yield and assigned to 1 of 2 groups (n = 12 per group): (a) low group (42.5 ± 3.54 kg/d; 147 ± 42 DIM) and (b) high group (55.8 ± 3.04 kg/d; 101 ± 34 DIM). Commercially available fat supplements were combined to provide treatments that consisted of the following: (1) control (CON; diet with no supplemental FA), (2) FA supplement blend containing 60% C16:0 and 30% C18:0 (PA+SA), and (3) FA supplement blend containing 60% C16:0 and 30% cis-9 C18:1 (PA+OA) The FA blends were fed at 1.5% of dry matter (DM) and replaced soyhulls from CON. Preplanned contrasts were (1) overall effect of FA treatments [CON vs. the average of the FA treatments (FAT); 1/2 (PA+SA + PA+OA)], and (2) effect of FA supplement (PA+SA vs. PA+OA). Regardless of production level, overall FAT reduced DMI compared with CON. Also, regardless of level of milk production, PA+OA increased total-tract FA digestibility compared with PA+SA. Treatment by production level interactions were observed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility, total FA intake, and the yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), energy-corrected milk (ECM), and milk fat. In low-producing cows, FAT increased DM and NDF digestibility compared with CON. In high-producing cows PA+SA increased DM and NDF digestibility compared with PA+OA. In low-producing cows, PA+SA increased 3.5% FCM, ECM, and milk fat yield compared with PA+OA. However, in high-producing cows PA+OA tended to increase 3.5% FCM compared with PA+SA. In conclusion, low-producing cows responded better to a FA blend containing 60% C16:0 and 30% C18:0, whereas high-producing dairy cows responded more favorably to a FA blend containing 60% C16:0 and 30% cis-9 C18:1. However, further research is required to validate our observations that higher-yielding cows have improved production responses when supplemented with cis-9 C18:1 compared with C18:0.     

黑木耳发酵产物对HepG2细胞脂质代谢及糖代谢的影响

目的:通过建立体外HepG2细胞脂肪累积模型及正常HepG2细胞模型评价不同分子质量黑木耳发酵产物对HepG2细胞脂质代谢及糖代谢的影响,揭示不同分子质量黑木耳发酵产物对细胞脂质代谢及糖代谢的调节作用及差异.方法:采用超滤法将黑木耳发酵上清液分为0～10,10～50,50～100,100～300 ku,以及>300 k...     

普洱茶茶色素对HepG2细胞脂质代谢的影响及作用机理

以正常培养和油酸诱导培养的人肝癌细胞系(human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line,Hep G2)细胞为模型,通过测定普洱茶茶色素对Hep G2细胞内甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)和总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)含量,细胞中脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)、固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c(sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c,SREBP-1c)、三磷酸腺苷结合转运子A1(ATP binding cassette transporter A1,ABCA1)、胆固醇7α-羟化酶(cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase,CYP7A1)的转录水平,磷酸化腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(phospho-AMPactivated protein kinase,p-AMPK)的蛋白表达水平研究普洱茶茶色素的减肥降脂作用机制。结果显示,普洱茶茶色素能明显降低油酸诱导的Hep G2细胞模型中TG和TC含量,作用程度依赖于普洱茶的作用质量浓度。但对正常培养的Hep G2的TG、TC作用影响不显著。经过普洱茶茶色素作用油酸诱导Hep G2细胞24 h后,能显著下调细胞的FAS和SREBP-1c的m RNA表达水平(P0.05),显著上调ABCA1的转录水平(P0.05),且使CYP7A1的转录水平呈上升趋势,并显著上调p-AMPK蛋白的表达量(P0.05)。因此,普洱茶茶色素可通过调控上述调控因子和酶的表达而改善油酸诱导下Hep G2细胞的脂质代谢水平。     

n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比例对HepG2细胞脂代谢的影响

本文研究了不同比例n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对HepG2细胞影响,通过体外培养细胞60μM不同比例LA/ALA培养24 h,通过反转录PCR研究不同比例LA/ALA对HepG2细胞SREBP-1、FAS、HMG-CR、LDLr和Apo B蛋白等脂代谢相关基因及蛋白表达量的影响。结果表明在组1(LA)、组2(10:1 LA/ALA)、组3(5:1 LA/ALA)、组4(1:1 LA/ALA)、组5(1:5 LA/ALA)、组6(1:10LA/ALA)和组7(ALA)7组比例中,1:1 LA/ALA比例处理细胞效果最佳,此比例脂肪酸通过下调HepG2细胞SREBP-1和FAS基因的表达来降低细胞TG的含量;下调HMG-CR基因的表达,上调LDLr基因的表达来降低细胞TC和LDL-C含量;通过上调SR-B1基因表达增加胆固醇逆转运,从而实现对HepG2脂代谢的有效调控。此多不饱和脂肪酸体外营养评价模型,为n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸最佳营养比例推荐及食用植物油中多不饱和脂肪酸比例营养评估提供理论依据。     

摄食不同来源磷脂对大鼠脂质代谢及脑内磷脂脂肪酸组成的影响

研究了摄食不同来源磷脂对大鼠脂质代谢及其脑内磷脂脂肪酸组成的影响。雄性SD大鼠按体重随机分为大豆油对照组(添加9%)、牛乳磷脂组(添加5%)、大豆磷脂组(添加5%)、蛋黄磷脂组(添加5%),喂食3周。检测了血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)及肝脏TC、TG、磷脂(PL)的含量,并用气相色谱法测定了脑内磷脂脂肪酸的组成变化。结果显示:与大豆油对照组相比,3种磷脂均不同程度提高了大鼠体重、脏器指数,蛋黄磷脂效果显著;3种磷脂不同程度降低了血清TC、TG和FFA含量,牛乳磷脂降低血清FFA显著,大豆磷脂降低血清TC、TG显著,蛋黄磷脂降低FFA显著,大豆磷脂显著提升了血清HDL-C含量;3种磷脂不同程度降低了肝脏TC、TG、PL含量,牛乳磷脂与大豆磷脂降低肝脏TG、TC显著,而蛋黄磷脂降低肝脏TG显著;3种磷脂对脑内磷脂脂肪酸组成的影响各不相同,牛乳磷脂显著提高了脑内磷脂饱和脂肪酸含量,而大豆磷脂和蛋黄磷脂提高了DHA等多不饱和脂肪酸含量。研究表明,3种磷脂均有降血脂、肝脂作用,以大豆磷脂作用尤为明显,大豆磷脂和蛋黄磷脂的益智作用可能优于牛乳磷脂。     

藻蓝色素对胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞糖代谢的影响

为探究藻蓝色素(phycocyanin, PC)体外改善胰岛素抵抗的作用机制,采用胰岛素体外诱导方式,分别设置5个胰岛素浓度梯度(10-9、10-8、10-7、10-6 、10-5μmol/L)以及6个时间梯度(0、12、24、36、48、72h)处理HepG2细胞,以葡萄糖消耗量和细胞存活率为指标,确定建立胰岛素抵抗型HepG2细胞模型的较佳作用浓度及时间。检测PC干预后HepG2细胞葡萄糖消耗量、糖原合成和存活率,利用RT-qPCR和Western blot探讨PC可能的作用机制。实验结果表明:胰岛素抵抗型HepG2细胞模型最佳诱导时间和浓度为36h、10-7μmol/L;不同浓度的PC可以提升胰岛素抵抗型HepG2细胞的葡萄糖消耗量;PC能够上调正常HepG2和胰岛素抵抗型HepG2细胞中IRS1、IRS2、GLUT1、GLUT4基因的转录水平,并且增加细胞中IRS1、AMPK、GSK-3β以及AKT蛋白的磷酸化水平。研究结果表明,PC能够显著提升胰岛素抵抗型HepG2细胞的葡萄糖消耗量,通过激活胰岛素调节相关的IRS1/AKT信号通路,增加AMPK的磷酸化和葡萄糖转运蛋白GLUT1、GLUT4基因表达,加速HepG2细胞对葡萄糖的利用和改善细胞胰岛素抵抗。研究结果显示,PC在预防或改善2型糖尿病肝脏胰岛素抵抗方面有潜在作用。     

共轭亚油酸对乳腺脂类代谢和乳腺发育的作用及其机理

共轭亚油酸(Conjugated Linoleic Acid,CLA)是亚油酸具有共轭双键的一组同分异构体,由瘤胃细菌在生物氢化过程中合成,具有抗癌、抗炎症、抗动脉粥样硬化等多种生物学功能。CLA在代谢方面也有调节作用,能影响全身代谢,影响肝脏、乳腺以及富含脂肪的相关组织代谢。在此介绍了CLA的来源、结构、对动物乳腺脂类代谢和乳腺发育的作用及其机理。     

Invited review: Palmitic and stearic acid metabolism in lactating dairy cows

Energy is the most limiting nutritional component in diets for high-producing dairy cows. Palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids have unique and specific functions in lactating dairy cows beyond a ubiquitous energy source. This review delineates their metabolism and usage in lactating dairy cows from diet to milk production. Palmitic acid is the fatty acid (FA) found in the greatest quantity in milk fat. Dietary sources of C16:0 generally increase milk fat yield and are used as an energy source for milk production and replenishing body weight loss during periods of negative energy balance. Stearic acid is the most abundant FA available to the dairy cow and is used to a greater extent for milk production and energy balance than C16:0. However, C18:0 is also intimately involved in milk fat production. Quantifying the transfer of each FA from diet into milk fat is complicated by de novo synthesis of C16:0 and desaturation of C18:0 to oleic acid in the mammary gland. In addition, incorporation of both FA into milk fat appears to be limited by the cow’s requirement to maintain fluidity of milk, which requires a balance between saturated and unsaturated FA. Oleic acid is the second most abundant FA in milk fat and likely the main unsaturated FA involved in regulating fluidity of milk. Because the mammary gland can desaturate C18:0 to oleic acid, C18:0 appears to have a more prominent role in milk production than C16:0. To understand metabolism and utilization of these FA in lactating dairy cows, we reviewed production and milk fat synthesis studies. Additional and longer lactation studies on feeding both FA to lactating dairy cows are required to better delineate their roles in optimizing milk production and milk FA composition and yield.     

棕榈酸与油酸影响肝细胞功能的比较研究

膳食中不平衡的脂肪酸摄入导致一系列慢性代谢综合征的产生,严重威胁人体健康。以体外肝细胞模型为研究对象,以细胞增殖、细胞膜完整性、炎症产生水平及胞内脂质累积为指标,通过比较油酸和棕榈酸对肝细胞功能的影响,以期评估过量膳食脂质对人体健康的影响,减少慢性病的产生。结果表明不同膳食脂肪酸对肝细胞的影响明显不同:棕榈酸的细胞毒性大,抑制细胞的增殖,破坏细胞膜的完整性,容易导致肝炎发生;油酸则更容易导致肝细胞脂质累积,引起脂代谢异常;复合脂肪酸(油酸∶棕榈酸的摩尔比为2∶1)的细胞毒性有所下降,但仍然容易导致肝细胞脂肪变性。实验结果为合理的膳食摄入油脂提供了理论依据。      

硬脂酸酶解淀粉的吸附性能研究

目的 研究酶解酯化改性后玉米淀粉的吸附性能。方法 以玉米淀粉为原料, 超声乳化后用脱支酶酶解淀粉, 再用硬脂酸进行疏水改性得硬脂酸酶解淀粉。利用红外、X射线衍射对酶解淀粉及硬脂酸酶解淀粉进行结构表征, 并对其吸油性、吸附性进行测试。结果 酶解后淀粉的化学结构及结晶结构没有变化, 只是结晶比例增加, 硬脂酸酶解淀粉的衍射峰强度和位置发生变化; 与玉米原淀粉相比, 酶解淀粉及硬脂酸酶解淀粉的吸油率及对亚甲基蓝的吸附性提高, 且随着硬脂酸用量的增加, 硬脂酸酶解淀粉的吸油率增大; 当硬脂酸用量为5%时, 对亚甲基蓝的吸附率最高。结论 酶解和硬脂酸酯化处理可有效提高淀粉的吸附性能。     

Effects of fat supplements containing different levels of palmitic and stearic acid on milk production and fatty acid digestibility in lactating dairy cows

Fat supplements based on palmitic acid (PA) or stearic acid (SA) are expected to have different effects on milk production and nutrient metabolism in lactating dairy cows. In this study, the effects of prilled fat supplements containing different levels of PA and SA were tested in 12 high-producing multiparous cows (pretrial milk yield = 53.4 ± 8.7 kg/d; mean ± SD) arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Treatments were control (CON; no supplemental fat), an enriched PA supplement (HP; 91% C16:0), an enriched SA supplement (HS; 92.5% C18:0), and a blend of PA and SA (INT) fed at 1.95% of diet dry matter. All supplements contained oleic acid at approximately 5% of fatty acids. The HP treatment decreased dry matter intake (DMI) by 1.9 kg/d and 1.1 kg/d compared with SA and CON, respectively. Milk yield was not changed by treatment, but INT increased energy-corrected milk by 2.7 kg/d compared with HS. The HP and INT treatments increased milk fat yield by 0.11 and 0.14 kg/d compared with CON, respectively. Additionally, HP decreased yield of <16 carbon fatty acids (FA; de novo synthesized) by 44 g/d and 43 g/d compared with INT and CON, respectively. The HP treatment increased 16-carbon FA (mixed source) by 155 g/d compared with CON and 64 g/d relative to INT. No effect of treatment on apparent total-tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, or neutral detergent fiber was detectable. The INT and HS treatments decreased total-tract digestibility of 16-carbon FA by 10.3 and 10.5 percentage units compared with HP, respectively. Total-tract digestibility of 18-carbon FA was lowest in the HS diet and highest with HP. In conclusion, supplementing PA increased milk fat yield compared with control and SA, but supplementing a mixture of PA and SA increased energy-corrected milk without decreasing intake. The FA profile of fat supplements influences their digestibility and effects on DMI and milk and milk fat synthesis.