茶叶多糖的药理活性研究进展

茶叶多糖是茶叶中具有生物学活性的复合多糖的简称,其降血糖及防治糖尿病功效最为突出。茶叶多糖可通过保护胰岛β细胞、抑制外源碳水化合物的吸收和调控内源因素(糖代谢酶类和胰岛素)等三条路径来实现降血糖及防治糖尿病的表达。本文从茶叶多糖的其他生物学活性,诸如抗氧化、免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗凝血、抗疲劳、抑菌杀毒、减肥等方面,阐述近年来茶叶多糖的药理活性及作用机理,以期为进一步研究提供依据。     

红茶多糖的体外抗氧化及糖苷酶抑制活性研究

目的研究红茶多糖的体外抗氧化活性和降血糖活性。探讨结构修饰对红茶多糖活性的影响。方法通过还原力实验、羟基自由基清除实验、DPPH清除实验以及脂质过氧化抑制试验模型研究红茶多糖的体外抗氧化活性。通过对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制实验研究红茶多糖的降血糖活性,以及对抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶动力学研究红茶多糖的抑制类型。应用超声处理、部分酸解和酶解处理三种不同的处理方式探讨结构修饰与红茶多糖活性的关系。结果在抗氧化实验中,红茶多糖活性具有良好的浓度依赖关系。在α-淀粉酶以及α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制试验中,红茶多糖显示出一定的抑制作用。由动力学研究推测红茶多糖对a-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用属于非竞争性抑制。三种结构修饰方式对活性均有影响,但变化趋势与处理方式和活性模型有关。结论红茶多糖是一种良好的抗氧化剂,并具有一定的降血糖活性,相应的结构修饰可提高红茶多糖的活性。     

A rapid quantitative method for polysaccharides in green tea and oolong tea

Tea polysaccharides (TPS) from five different kinds of tea contain similar composition of sugars and amino acids. Polysaccharide part of TPS is mainly composed of arabinose, galactose and glucose with the approximate molar ratio of 1:1:0.5. Protein part of TPS is composed of 16 normal amino acids among which Val, Ala, Gly, Glu are the major proportion. Based on the results, the purified TPS was used as the calibration standard in phenol sulfuric acid reaction for the calibration curve that was constructed by plotting absorbance versus mass of TPS with a correlation coefficient of 0.9961. In the developed method, TPS mass recovery ranges from 84.88 to 95.7% with a relative standard deviation of 5.53%. It is found that the developed method is simple, rapid, reliable and is ideally suitable for quantifying TPS from green tea or oolong tea.     

昆布多糖的复合酶法提取工艺优化及其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性

为研究裙带菜褐藻糖胶分级醇沉组分及其体外降血糖活性,本文以裙带菜为原料,通过CaCl₂溶液浸提裙带菜褐藻糖胶后逐级沉淀得到四组多糖样品（UPP-45、UPP-55、UPP-65和UPP-75）,分别测定其分子量、总糖含量、糖醛酸含量、蛋白质含量、硫酸根含量及单糖组成,通过紫外光谱扫描、红外光谱以及扫描电镜进行分析,并测定多糖组分对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率来探究其体外降血糖活性。结果表明,醇沉浓度越大,小分子量多糖占比越大。UPP-65的总糖含量最高为84.38%,UPP-45的粗糖蛋白和硫酸根含量与其他组分存在显著性差异（P<0.05）;四种多糖组分均为酸性多糖。单糖组成分析可知多糖组分的单糖组成和摩尔百分比存在差异。紫外扫描分析可知多糖组分核酸含量有所不同。红外光谱分析可知四种组分的官能团和糖苷键有不同程度的吸收峰。电镜扫描结果可知,多糖组分微观形态各有不同。多糖组分对α-淀粉酶的抑制无剂量依赖关系,UPP-65的抑制率最高,IC₅₀值为0.008 mg/mL;对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制呈量-效关系,UPP-65的IC₅₀值最低,为2.346 mg/mL。综上所述,裙带菜分级醇沉的多糖制备工艺切实可行,四种多糖组分均有一定的体外降血糖活性,且UPP-65效果更好。

     

黄刺浆果不同组分多糖理化性质及生物活性的比较

综合体外抗氧化、降血糖及对肠道微生物的调节作用全面探究不同组分黄刺多糖(Berberi dasystachya polysaccharides, BDPs)的降血糖能力。采用分级醇沉制备不同组分BDPs:BDPs-70、BDPs-80及BDPs-90,通过高效凝胶渗透色谱、傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电镜表征其初级结构,比较DPPH自由基和ABTS阳离子自由基清除率、还原力、α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率及其对嗜酸乳杆菌、大肠杆菌的影响。结果表明,BDPs-80的糖醛酸含量最高,BDPs-70、BDPs-80、BDPs-90重均分子质量分别为9 851、9 901、9 855 Da,且具有多糖特征吸收峰,为β-吡喃型多糖,表面结构均呈片状。3种多糖对DPPH自由基、ABTS阳离子自由基的清除率依次为:BDPs-90>BDPs-80>BDPs-70,BDPs-80的还原能力最优;对α-淀粉酶的抑制率:BDPs-90>BDPs-80>BDPs-70;对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率:BDPs-80>BDPs-90>BDPs-70。3种多糖作为碳源均能促进嗜酸乳杆菌增殖...     

Antioxidant activities of crude tea polyphenols, polysaccharides and proteins of selenium-enriched tea and regular green tea

The crude tea polyphenols, polysaccharides and proteins of regular green tea and Se-enriched green tea were investigated in vitro for antioxidant activities by auto-oxidation test (AAPH) and α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Results showed that crude tea polyphenols of Se-enriched green tea provided the highest antioxidant activity by DPPH assay and the antioxidant activity was decreased in the order: crude tea polyphenols > crude tea proteins > tea polysaccharides. The crude protein of Se-enriched green tea was found to exhibit the highest antioxidant activity by AAPH method and the antioxidant activity was decreased in the order: crude tea proteins > tea polyphenols > tea polysaccharides. Tea polyphenols and tea polysaccharides of Se-enriched green tea presented significantly higher antioxidant activities than that of regular green tea. No significant difference of antioxidant activities was found between crude tea proteins of Se-enriched green tea and regular green tea. The combinations of Se with tea polyphenols and tea polysaccharides were responsible for the higher antioxidant activities of Se-enriched green tea than regular green tea.     

低档绿茶多糖的酶法辅助提取及抗氧化活性研究

以皖西低档绿茶为原料,通过酶法辅助浸提茶多糖,然后对浸提液进行醇沉、真空干燥得粗多糖,比较三种不同方法对粗多糖脱蛋白效果,并研究茶多糖的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:酶法辅助浸提的最优条件:料液比1∶30(g/m L)、酶解温度45℃、酶解时间120min、纤维素酶添加量12mg/g,果胶酶添加量12mg/g、浸提1次,茶多糖得率达到5.414%。三氯乙酸法、sevage法、木瓜蛋白酶法对粗多糖中蛋白的最大脱除率分别为84.14%、69.45%、74.34%,多糖损失率分别为18.56%、24.01%、12.34%。相对而言,木瓜蛋白酶法条件温和,更适合茶多糖脱蛋白。另外,茶多糖具有较强的还原能力以及对羟基自由基的清除能力,对亚硝基具有一定的清除作用。      

板栗多糖的分离纯化及抗氧化活性研究

从板栗中分离纯化得到多糖并研究其抗氧化活性.采用沸水提取、Sevag法除蛋白、80%乙醇沉淀的方法从板栗中提取得到板栗多糖CPS.CPS经DEAE-纤维素柱分离纯化后,于蒸馏水洗脱液中得到一个纯化多糖组分CPS1.以VC为对照,试验了CPS与CPS1对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、过氧化氢的清除能力及还原能力.结果表明,CPS与CPS1均具有一定的清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、过氧化氢的能力及还原能力,而且与多糖的浓度成正相关性.其中,CPS对过氧化氢的清除作用效果与VC相当.另外,经纯化精制后的CPS1对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、过氧化氢的清除作用及还原能力均低于CPS.     

Extraction,isolation, characterisation,antioxidant and anti-fatigue activities of Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharides

Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) was obtained using hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation. Three purified polysaccharide fractions (namely PEP1-A, PEP2-A and PEP3-A) were obtained from PEP using DEAE-cellulose-52 chromatography and a gel permeation Sephadex G-100 column. Firstly, this paper examined the characterisation of PEP1-A, PEP2-A and PEP3-A. The corresponding molecular weights were 5.378 × 10⁵, 9.506 × 10⁶ and 4.975 × 10⁵ Da, respectively. PEP1-A, PEP2-A and PEP3-A had similar monosaccharide compositions. PEP1-A was β-configuration, and PEP2-A and PEP3-A were α-configuration. PEP1-A, PEP2-A and PEP3-A had pyran-type rings, (1 → 3) glucose and (1 → 6) galactose linkages. Secondly, PEP, PEP1-A, PEP2-A and PEP3-A possessed antioxidant activities, and PEP was best. Therefore, only PEP was used to study its anti-fatigue activity in vivo. The result proved that PEP had anti-fatigue activity. PEP could be used as a valuable natural food supplement for preventing anti-fatigue or functional food.     

淫羊藿药渣多糖体外抗氧化活性研究

以提取过黄酮的淫羊藿药渣为原材料,热水法提取多糖,测定淫羊藿药渣多糖的总糖含量、糖醛酸含量和蛋白质含量,并对多糖结构进行红外光谱分析。通过体外抗氧化实验研究其对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子和羟基自由基的清除能力。结果表明,淫羊藿药渣多糖的总糖质量分数为73.39%,糖醛酸质量分数为6.33%,蛋白质质量分数为1.87%,对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子和羟基自由基的最大清除率分别为79.96%、92.77%和69.12%,其IC50值分别为0.26、0.03、0.76mg/mL。      

硫酸酯化花多糖的制备及降血糖活性的研究

目的对茶多糖(TPS)进行硫酸酯化分子修饰,并研究其降血糖活性。方法用氯磺酸-吡啶法对茶多糖进行硫酸酯化修饰,得到硫酸酯化茶多糖(S-TPS)；采用四氧嘧啶诱导小鼠造成糖尿病模型,用茶多糖(TPS)和硫酸酯化茶多糖(S-TPS)对造模后的糖尿病小鼠分别进行分组灌胃,对其降血糖活性进行比较。结果茶多糖(TPS)和硫酸酯化茶多糖(S-TPS)均能降低小鼠血糖水平,而硫酸酯化茶多糖(S-TPS)的降血糖效果更为明显。结论茶多糖经过硫酸酯化以后能进一步提高其降血糖生物活性。     

超声波辅助提取菠萝皮渣多糖及其抗氧化活性研究

采用超声波技术辅助提取菠萝皮渣多糖,利用正交设计实验优化其提取工艺,并利用体外实验研究该多糖对羟自由基（·OH）、DPPH自由基（DPPH·）的清除能力及其还原能力,以评价其抗氧化活性。研究结果表明,超声波辅助提取最佳工艺参数为:料液比1∶50（m/v）,时间40 min,温度60℃,功率为570 W,该条件下多糖的得率为2.38%;在本实验浓度范围（1.50³.50 mg/m L）内,菠萝皮渣多糖对·OH的清除率随其浓度的增加而增加,但清除能力均低于同浓度VC,清除DPPH·自由基的IC₅₀为2.47 mg/m L,对Fe³⁺的还原能力随多糖浓度的增加而增加。可见,超声波辅助提取工艺效果较好,能缩短提取时间,提高菠萝皮渣多糖的得率;体外抗氧化实验表明菠萝皮渣多糖具有一定的抗氧化活性。从菠萝皮渣中提取活性多糖,可以变废为宝,实现菠萝资源的高值化利用。      

Effect of consecutive steeping on antioxidant potential of green,oolong and black tea

After water, tea is considered to be one of the most consumed drinks worldwide. To get the maximum benefit from the whole‐leaf teas, the manufacturers provide instruction that these teas can be steeped 2–3 times over 6–8 h. In this study, the effect of consecutive steeping on radical‐scavenging ability of whole leaf green tea (unfermented), oolong tea (partially fermented) and black tea (fully fermented) was determined. Green tea showed the highest level of antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content followed by oolong tea and black tea irrespective of the number of steeping done. The result also demonstrated that re‐steeping reduced the antioxidant potential of teas. Moreover, it was revealed that green tea is the best candidate for re‐steeping followed by oolong and then black tea.     

牡丹叶多糖的提取纯化、分级制备及抗氧化性能研究

以牡丹叶为实验对象,建立牡丹叶多糖的提取及分离纯化方法,再采用不同体积分数(25%、45%、65%、85%)乙醇分级沉淀,得牡丹叶多糖PW-25、PW-45、PW-65、PW-85,采用红外光谱分析各组分的光谱学特征,并通过DPPH自由基和羟自由基清除实验对各组分体外抗氧化活性进行研究。结果表明:采用ZTC1+1-Ⅱ型天然澄清剂法脱蛋白和过氧化氢脱色法联用进行牡丹叶粗多糖的分离纯化,在此方法下牡丹叶粗多糖中蛋白脱除率为89.66%,色素脱除率为79.35%,多糖保留率为61.41%,得到PW-25多糖纯度达91.23%,得率为1.29%;4种牡丹叶多糖组分均具有一定体外抗氧化能力,其中PW-25对DPPH自由基和羟自由基具有明显清除能力,且半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为15.36、65.77μg/m L,但均略差于VC(IC50分别为7.89、46.46μg/m L)。研究结果为牡丹叶多糖开发和应用提供基础。