不同年份不同质量等级李渡白酒香气成分分析

目的 分析比较不同年份不同质量等级李渡白酒的香气成分差异。方法 通过感官评价、直接进样、顶空萃取和顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用仪、气相色谱-离子迁移谱以及气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱联用仪分析了17个李渡酒中的香气成分,通过计算香气活性值(OAV)确定重要香气活性化合物,结合偏最小二乘法分析得到差异香气物质。结果 共鉴定出李渡酒中的92种挥发性化合物,26种香气活性化合物;浓度最高的化合物是乳酸乙酯(2538.18 mg/L);己酸乙酯(OAV: 876~220920)等8种化合物香气贡献较大,酯类化合物的贡献最大,一级、二级、优级的李渡酒三年、五年的重要香气化合物香气强度更强,含量更高;且己酸乙酯等6种化合物、苯乙醇等18种化合物分别是导致不同年份、不同质量等级酒样产生差异的重要物质。结论 本研究分析鉴定了17个李渡酒样的香气物质,找到了导致不同年份不同质量等级酒样之间香气差异的化合物,为李渡酒的风味调控提供了参考数据。     

OAV法分析河北地区3种白酒香气成分

采用顶空固相微萃取技术提取了河北地区3种白酒中的挥发性成分,结合气相色谱质谱联用仪对3种白酒中的挥发性成分进行了分析鉴定。结果测得,3种白酒中的香气化合物主要包括酯类、醇类、萜类和芳香族化合物,在红枣白兰地酒中共鉴定出65种香气成分,在老白干酒中检测到35种香气成分,百年保定酒中检测到62种香气成分。通过OAV分析共确定了白酒中39种香气物质的香气活力值,对白酒香气有重要贡献的香气物质主要是酯类香气化合物,其中戊酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯、十四酸乙酯在3种白酒中对香气的贡献较大。     

不同质量酱香型白酒的挥发性物质差异分析

采用GC及GC/MS分析某酒企的5种质量的100个酱香型白酒酒样中的挥发性物质,结合香气活性值和化学计量学方法构建鉴别模型,找出关键差异物质。结果表明:采用直接进样法共检出29种挥发性物质,其中21种物质对酱香型白酒香气形成有贡献。聚类热图显示:不同质量酒样中各挥发性物质含量的差异以及聚类过程。采用主成分分析构建鉴别模型,与聚类热图分析结果一致;采用偏最小二乘-判别分析确定5种质量酒样中的12个关键差异物质,即2-甲基丁酸乙酯、棕榈酸乙酯、正丁醇、正丙醇、1,2-丙二醇、异戊酸、异丁酸、乙缩醛、乙醛、糠醛、糠醇、苯乙醇。将来自另外3个酒企的不同级别酱香型白酒定量分析结果代入构建的鉴别模型,可以实现有效区分。     

不同工艺酱香型白酒挥发性物质差异分析

利用气相色谱及气相色谱-质谱联用技术对两种工艺酱香白酒中挥发性物质进行定性定量分析,结合香气活性值和化学计量学方法构建鉴别模型并找出关键差异物质。结果表明：碎沙酒样中各类挥发性物质的质量浓度均低于稛沙酒样,但其酯类、酸类和芳香族化合物占其所有挥发性物质的相对含量高于稛沙酒样,说明白酒品质可能与各物质配比相关。以4/5酒样为训练集构建鉴别模型,1/5酒样为测试集验证模型,测试正确率为93.33%,可以基本实现两种工艺酒样的鉴别。9 种不同比例混合酒样在模型中的分布情况表明,该模型还可用于混合酒样的初步识别,验证了该模型的适用性。同时筛选出14 个潜在差异物质,并利用聚类热图进一步证实这14 种物质对区分两种不同工艺酒样的有效性。其中,糠醛的变量投影重要性的得分值最高,同时糠醛在两种酒样中的香气活性值差异也较大,说明糠醛可能是造成稛沙和碎沙酒样之间差异的重要物质。     

兼香型年份酒中香味物质的分析

通过单因素试验优化顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）条件,并结合气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）技术研究兼香型年份酒中香味物质成分含量及差异。结果表明,最佳HS-SPME萃取条件为酒样酒精度14%vol,萃取温度40 ℃,萃取时间30 min,解吸时间5 min。GC-MS法共鉴定出67种挥发性风味物质,包括50种酯类,3种醇类,5种酸类,1种芳香族化合物,1种含硫化合物,2种呋喃类,3种酮类和2种醛类。酯类、醇类、酸类和呋喃类总含量随贮藏年份增长呈现上升趋势,醛类和酮类总含量变化规律不明显。经香气活度值（OAV）分析,确定出22种（OAV＞1）成分对白酒香味有贡献,其中有9种（OAV＞10）为重要香气成分,酯类为白酒香气的主要贡献物质。     

液液萃取与顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱法分析金种子馥合香白酒香气成分的比较

为明确不同前处理方法对白酒挥发性香气成分的提取效果,分别采用液液萃取法（Liquid-liquid extraction, LLE）和顶空固相微萃取法（headspacesolid phase microextraction, HS-SPME）作为酒样的前处理方法提取金种子馥合香白酒中的挥发性香气成分,再结合气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）进行定性与相对定量分析。结果表明：两种不同方法检出的共有组分有28种,特有组分分别有35种和18种。LLE对酯类、醇类、酸类以及其他物质具有很好的萃取效果,但是对于易挥发性物质萃取效果较差;HS-SPME对痕量、易挥发性的物质具有较好的萃取效果,但对难挥发性物质的萃取效果较差。LLE能富集到较多种类的香气物质,HS-SPME能富集到更高含量的香气成分。酒样的两种不同前处理方法各有特点,相互补充并结合分析可为白酒挥发性香气成分的检测提供更加全面完整的数据支持。     

赤水河流域不同产区酱香白酒挥发性风味物质差异分析

为分析赤水河流域不同产区酱香白酒挥发性风味成分差异,该研究利用气相色谱（GC）分析技术对不同产区的酒样进行定量分析,采用正交偏最小二乘-判别分析（OPLS-DA）构建模型,利用变量投影重要性（VIP）值筛选差异挥发性风味化合物,并进行聚类分析。结果表明,XJ和MT产区酒样的酯类和酸类化合物含量明显高于其他产区,JS产区酒样的醇类、呋喃类含量最高;LJ产区酒样的酚类和醛酮类化合物含量明显高于其他产区,MT产区酒样酚类、醛酮类化合物含量较低,ZJ产区酒样中的芳香族类物质含量最高。香气活度值（OAV）分析结果表明,正戊醇、2-庚醇、辛醇、乙酸苯乙酯、苯乙醛5种风味物质对5个产区的风味差异具有贡献作用;利用VIP值确定28种差异挥发性风味化合物,其中庚酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸乙酯等8种物质对于区分不同产区酱香白酒具有贡献作用;聚类分析（CA）表明,ZJ、XJ、MT三大产区酒样聚集度较高,JS和LJ产区酒样各自聚为一类。     

西楚酒花对玫瑰香葡萄酒香气的影响

以玫瑰香葡萄为原料,探讨在葡萄酒酿造中加入西楚酒花后的香气特点。采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对添加不同浓度的西楚酒花玫瑰香葡萄酒中挥发性物质进行定性鉴定和定量分析,运用主成分分析法(PCA)分析不同浓度的西楚酒花玫瑰香葡萄酒的关键香气物质,并结合香气阈值确定各挥发性成分的相对气味活度值(ROAV)。结果表明:共检测到31种香气成分,包括13种酯类、11种醇类、1种酸类、6种其他类,其中醇类和酯类物质含量较高,对葡萄酒整体香气具有重要贡献作用;通过主成分分析得出,5个酒样在前3个主成分呈分散分布,说明添加西楚酒花的玫瑰香葡萄酒与普通酒样的香气成分种类之间差异明显;在酒样中,随着西楚酒花浓度的增加,同时玫瑰香葡萄酒的特征风味物质香茅醇的含量也在增加。综合得出,西楚酒花葡萄酒中能保留部分酒花香味物质,酒花香气物质与葡萄酒本身香气物质并不是简单叠加。     

基于GC-IMS不同年份黄酒挥发性风味物质分析

为比较不同贮藏年份黄酒挥发性特征香气物质的差异,该研究基于气相色谱-离子迁移色谱（GC-IMS）联用技术对2008、2010、2012、2014、2018、2019年份采用相同工艺制作的6个黄酒样品（编号分别为A08、A10、A12、A14、A18、A19）中的挥发性风味物质进行测定,构建指纹图谱,并对挥发性风味物质进行主成分分析（PCA）及聚类分析（CA）。结果表明,不同年份黄酒样品中共检出63种挥发性风味物质,包括醇类11种,酯类27种,酮类8种,醛类6种以及其他类11种,其共有成分为58种。指纹图谱显示,不同年份黄酒中挥发性物质成分含量及种类存在明显差异,其中,酒样A08特征成分为甲酸乙酯、己基丁酸酯、丁酸乙酯等,酒样A10特征成分为乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯等,酒样A12特征成分为3-甲基丁酸甲酯、3-甲基戊酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯等,酒样A14特征成分丙酸丁酯、2-甲基丁酸甲酯等,酒样A18特征成分为2-甲基丁醇,酒样A19特征成分为巴豆酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯等。主成分分析和聚类分析结果显示,酒样A18和A19之间具有相似性,酒样A08和A10之间具有相似性,而其余酒样均不具有相似性,表明在陈酿过...     

山西清香型宗酒原酒与成品酒香气成分及其感官分析

采用气相色谱、顶空固相微萃取/液液微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用对宗酒酒业清香型原酒和成品酒共6个酒样中香气成分进行定性、定量分析,计算其气味活度值(Odor activity value,OAV),确定出主要的香气贡献化合物,通过感官品评在宏观上整体、全面地对酒样风味进行剖析。最终定性、定量出59种香气成分。通过OAV值确定出具有香气贡献的化合物(OAV≥1)共31种,其中属于重要的香气组分(OAV≥10)17种。通过感官品评,最终确定出12个香气轮廓描述语,10个滋味轮廓描述语,通过风味剖面图直观地反映出了各酒样之间的感官差异。实验结果对宗酒企业系列产品品质的改良、差异化设计及新产品的开发等方面提供了一定的参考意义。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the