3-甲氧基二苯胺的合成新工艺

建立了3-甲氧基二苯胺的合成新工艺。以易得、价廉的间二硝基苯为原料,经取代、加氢还原、缩合脱水三步反应制备3-甲氧基二苯胺。确定适宜的缩合脱水反应条件为:以磷酸芳基酯为催化剂、反应原料苯酚和3-甲氧基苯胺的物质的量比为1.2∶1、反应温度为90℃、反应时间为10h,在该条件下,缩合脱水反应收率为86.7%,总收率达到69.9%(以间二硝基苯计)。该工艺优于经典的乌尔曼合成路线,生产成本大大降低,具有很好的工业化前景。     

香料紫罗兰酮合成工艺研究

以山苍子油、柠檬草油为原料合成紫罗兰酮,研究了缩合反应、环化反应、产品精制的工艺条件;并缩合反应中,柠檬醛的转化率为99%以上,产品得率95%;环化反应中,假性紫罗兰酮的转化率98%以上,产品得率90%。产品中总含酮量95%,其中α-紫罗兰酮占80%。     

食用香料反式-3-辛烯-2-醇的合成研究

以正戊醛和丙酮为原料,经缩合、脱水及还原三步反应合成了反式-3-辛烯-2-醇,此工艺路线原料易得,反应条件温和,总收率为57.6%。缩合反应合成中间体4-羟基-2-辛酮的最佳条件为:反应时间6 h,反应温度25°C,碱的浓度4%,丙酮与戊酮的摩尔比4∶1,脱水采用磷酸,副产物少,收率高(85%);还原反应使用LiAlH4,同样副产物少,收率高(96%)。     

N,N-二甲基-10H-2-吩噻嗪磺酰胺的合成

以邻溴苯胺为起始原料,经缩合、水解、N,N-二甲基-3-硝基-4-氯苯磺酰胺缩合、锌粉还原、铜催化Ullmann反应,得到目标化合物。并考察了缩合反应不同溶剂、碱、反应温度,还原反应还原剂的用量,Ullmann反应催化剂的用量、反应时间、反应温度对反应收率的影响。优化后5步反应总收率可达45.5%,且反应条件温和,后处理简便,在该工艺的中试生产中4批样品的车间总收率分别为38.2%、36.7%、36.9%、38.5%,且产品质量可靠,稳定性良好,产品经ESI-MS和1HNMR确证结构。     

螺[二氢吲哚-3,3′-吡咯烷]-2,5-二酮的合成

以靛红和氰乙酸甲酯为原料,经克脑文盖尔缩合、迈克尔加成、酯基水解脱羧、氰基水解、还原环化等反应合成了螺[二氢吲哚-3,3′-吡咯烷]-2,5-二酮,反应总收率64%;对工艺路线中的还原环化反应条件进行优化后,此步收率提高到89%,产物纯度达到99%。     

抗肿瘤药物阿法替尼的合成及工艺优化

以4-氟-2-氨基苯甲酸和醋酸甲脒为起始原料,经合环、硝化、氯代、缩合、硝基还原,再经缩合、Wittig-hornor反应制得阿法替尼,并进行合成工艺优化。阿法替尼的总收率达44.5%,优化多步反应条件,如用三氯化铁、活性炭和水合肼体系进行硝基氢化还原。优化后的反应处理更简单、产物收率较高、产品纯度好,适合工业化生产。     

四氢罂粟碱合成

以3,4-二甲氧基苯乙胺2和3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸3为原料,缩合、合环、还原等反应制得四氢罂粟碱,总收率81%,纯度96%以上(HPLC),工艺稳定,利于工业化生产。     

3-(2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-4-基)丙氨酸的合成研究

以丙二酸二乙酯为原料,经亚硝化、还原、乙酰化、缩合、水解、脱羧反应制得3-（2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-4-基）丙氨酸,总收率为41.5%,含量为98.7%.合成工艺简单易操作,适合工业化生产.     

2-氨基苯酚-4-(2'-羧基)磺酰苯胺合成研究

本文介绍了以邻氯硝基苯为起始原料,经氯磺化、缩合、水解、还原合成2-氨基苯酚-4-(2'-羧基)磺酰苯胺工艺,讨论了氯磺化及催化加氢反应对收率影响因素,确定最佳工艺条件,最终产物含量大于98%,总收率大于80%。     

2,2-二甲基-5-(4-氯苄基)环戊酮的合成

[目的]旨在找出一条适合工业化生产2,2-二甲基-5-(4-氯苄基)环戊酮的工艺路线。[方法]以己二酸二乙酯为起始原料,通过迪克曼缩合、甲基化、转位、苄基化、再甲基化、脱羧得到2,2-二甲基-5-(4-氯苄基)环戊酮。[结果]该合成路线总产率为46.9%,含量为93.6%(HPLC)。[结论]该工艺适合工业化生产。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。