ICA的近红外光谱分析软件的研制

研制了基于独立分量分析方法的近红外光谱分析软件.该软件包括光谱解析、光谱建模和未知成分含量测定三个模块,使用了小波分析、ICA和BP神经网络等数据处理方法.将这种软件用于实测的玉米近红外光谱分析,所得结果令人满意.使用LabVIEW与MATLAB软件混合编程,充分利用了各软件的优点,不仅程序简单,而且界面友好.     

近红外光谱数据处理的独立分量分析方法研究

从数学的角度分析比较了主成分分析(PCA)与独立分量分析(ICA)的原理和特点,给出光谱矩阵在两种不同分析方法下的不同分解;同时结合线性回归和神经网络回归,提出"两步法"来确定不同成分含量测定的最优模型.进而采用PCA与ICA对实际测得的玉米近红外光谱进行了处理,比较分析了两种不同分解所得矩阵的化学含义,以及PCA与ICA两种不同分解对玉米光谱分析结果的影响.仿真结果表明,ICA从独立性角度对光谱数据矩阵进行分解,所得结果更接近实际光谱.最后,利用"两步法"对玉米三种主要成分水、淀粉、蛋白质分别建立了各自最优含量测定模型.结果表明,所建模型符合快速测定要求,具有一定的实用价值.     

Determination of glucose in whole blood samples by mid-infrared spectroscopy

We have determined the glucose concentration of whole blood from mid-infrared spectra without sample preparation or use of chemical reagents. We selected 1119-1022 cm(-1) as the optimal wavelength range for our measurement by making a first-loading vector analysis based on partial least-squares regression. We examined the influence of hemoglobin on samples by using different calibration and prediction sets. The accuracy of glucose prediction depended on the hemoglobin level in the calibration model; the sample set should represent the entire range of hemoglobin concentration. We obtained an accuracy of 5.9% in glucose prediction, and this value is well within a clinically acceptable range.     

Determination of glucose concentration from NIR spectra using independent component regression

In this paper, a new model based on independent component regression (ICR) is proposed to predict the glucose concentration from near infrared (NIR) spectra. The efficiency of the proposed model is validated using mixtures composed of glucose, urea and triacetin. The whole experiments were carried out in a non-controlled environment or sample conditions to show that the proposed model can suppress effectively most of the experimental variations. The proposed model decreases the standard error of prediction (SEP) from 35.59 mg/dL for Partial Least Square regression (PLS) and from 29.1 mg/dL for ICR to only 24.1 mg/dL.     

独立分量分析的图像融合算法

独立分量分析可实现图像的稀疏编码并具有能很好地捕捉图像重要边缘信息的特性.本文提出一种基于独立分量分析的图像融合算法,结合支持向量机对多聚焦图像的清晰域、模糊域进行判断以及在ICA域中进行图像分割以提取图像的主要边缘特征信息来实现特征级的多聚焦图像的融合.实验结果表明,本文提出的融合算法是有效的.     

基于独立分量分析的结构模态参数识别

简要介绍了独立分量分析的基本原理及算法,探讨了结构的正规坐标与独立分量的关系。分析认为,结构自由振动响应的振型分解可以看做是一个ICA问题。因此,可以把独立分量分析发展成为一种利用结构自由振动响应时域信号进行模态参数识别的方法。结合数值仿真算例及振动试验,验证了独立分量分析用于结构模态参数识别的有效性。结果表明,独立分量分析可以准确的从结构自振响应中,分离出各正规坐标,同时估计出各阶模态振型向量,适用于环境激励下的工作模态参数识别。     

基于独立分量分析的重盲源分离方法

基于独立分量分析(ICA)的盲源分离(BSS)是一种多源信号分离的优化方法。针对ICA通道数目必需不少于源信号数目的限制条件,提出一种基于频谱识别的重盲源分离(R e-BSS)方法,利用虚拟通道实现通道数目的增加。单通道测量信号的仿真实验和实际信号处理结果表明,该方法简单可行,为盲源分离的进一步工程应用提供了新的思路与方法。     

改进的基于独立成分分析的图像特征提取算法

利用基函数稀疏性的极大值特点,本文提出一种改进的基于独立分量分析的图像特征提取算法.通过分析图像的拉普拉斯先验条件,独立成分分析的问题简化为L1范数求最小的问题,但是采用其对偶空间L∞范数求极大值的方法解决问题更加容易.相对其它独立成分分析方法,本文方法不需要对高阶非线性对比函数估值进行复杂的优化.实验结果表明,本文算法相比其它独立成分分析算法,具有更好的稀疏性和更快的收敛速度.     

基于相空间重构与独立分量分析的局部独立投影降噪算法

针对故障分析信号中存在噪声问题,提出一种将相空间重构与独立分量分析相结合的局部独立投影降噪算法。其中相空间重构的目的在于从高维相空间中恢复混沌吸引子,独立分量分析能够找到信号的主流形,选择邻域是为了将特征相近的相点结合在一起。使用该方法对正弦仿真信号和Lorenz仿真信号进行降噪处理,结果表明局部独立投影降噪算法的降噪效果与局部独立分量分析算法降噪效果接近,但优于全局投影降噪算法。运用该方法对低速重载轴承振动信号进行分析,准确判断出轴承故障。     

基于自适应波束形成和ICA的消噪系统

介绍了自适应宽带波束形成和快速独立分量分析的基本理论和算法,分析了固定波束形成的理论局限性及自适应宽带波束形成的优越性。提出了一种基于自适应波束形成和独立分量分析的消噪系统,算法显著地抑制了噪声、增强了语音,又具有稳定快速的性能。同时分析了自适应波束形成单元数或者输入信号数对算法性能的影响,对实际应用具有指导意义。     

基于独立分量分析的荧光造影图像降噪算法

荧光造影图像分析是一种重要的糖尿病眼底病变测试方法,针对荧光造影图像易受噪声污染以及白内障病变影响导致眼底视网膜图像辨识困难等问题,基于盲信号处理理论,运用维纳滤波与独立分量分析进行降噪,并运用FASTICA算法进行源信号提取.测试图像处理结果表明:该方法能够有效地抑制噪声,提高分离图像的信噪比,且较好地恢复原始图像.     

基于独立分量分析的多源冲击定位方法

结构健康监测中常用声发射信号进行声发射源的定位及特征描述。多个冲击事件发生时,声发射信号是多个信号的混叠,而且混合方式未知,这使利用声发射信号对冲击源进行定位变得非常困难。而近年来兴起的基于独立分量分析的盲源分离技术为解决这一难题提供了可能。本文采用基于信息极大化原理的反馈网络结构对同时作用在铝梁上的两个冲击事件产生的声发射混合信号进行分离,估计出各个源信号到达传感器的时延后,运用两点直线定位公式对两个冲击源进行定位。混合仿真实验验证了基于信息极大化原理的独立分量分析方法估计时延的有效性,铝梁上的两源冲击实验,进一步表明运用独立分量分析方法能较好的解决多冲击源定位问题。     

基于约束独立成分分析的滚动轴承故障诊断

用新的理论和方法丰富和提高机械故障诊断技术是机械故障诊断学的重要内容之一。本文用约束独立成分分析方法把研究对象的先验信息作为独立成分分析算法的约束条件,使新的算法仅仅收敛于感兴趣的故障信号。这样可以提高故障诊断的针对性和效果。该方法可以从传感器信号中快速诊断设备中是否发生了某种故障,并以滚动轴承的仿真和实验验证了该方法的适用性和有效性。     

基于独立分量分析的高速微铣削力混合信号噪声分离方法

为得到高速微铣削力的真实信号,并且准确识别各激励源,对微铣削力混合信号分离和识别技术进行研究。首先对铣削力混合信号矩阵进行预处理,利用对预处理结果的独立成分分析(ICA)分离得到独立源信号矩阵,再通过快速傅里叶变换(FFT)得到独立源信号的频谱,最后分析并结合实验工况识别出微铣削力信号、机械噪声信号和环境噪声信号。实验结果表明:该方法具有同时分离非高斯性的机械噪声信号和高斯性的环境噪声信号的优点,可以弥补传统方法只能抑制高斯噪声信号的不足。     

基于独立分量分析与相关系数的机械故障特征提取

提出一种基于独立分量分析与相关系数的机械故障特征提取方法。首先对不同工况的机械振动信号分别进行独立分量分析,获得各种工况信号的独立分量,这些独立分量中蕴含了该工况的一些内在特征;接着利用样本与不同工况信号提取的独立分量的相关系数绝对值的和作为该样本的特征,与直接利用相关系数作为特征相比鲁棒性与区分程度都得到提高;最后使用支持向量机作为分类器进行识别。分别进行了齿轮故障特征提取与轴承故障特征提取实验,实验结果表明,此方法可以很好地提取机械故障特征信息。本文方法的优点在于直接从振动信号的原始数据中进行特征提取,获取机械故障蕴含的一些特征,应用范围广,具有较高地工程应用价值。     

基于独立分量分析的图像特征提取及泊松噪声去除

针对泊松噪声具有与信号相关和不一致性分布的特性,提出了一种基于独立成分分析(ICA)的软阈值滤波算法。泊松噪声对基于高阶统计量的ICA变换不敏感,其能量均匀分布在ICA域。首先将包含泊松噪声的图像变换到ICA域,然后再对图像独立成分进行软阈值滤波。该算法对图像和噪声具有自适应能力,在噪声去除和图像细节保留方面达到一个平衡。实验结果表明:该算法不仅可以有效去除图像中的泊松噪声和提高图像质量,而且具有良好的鲁棒性。     

A process monitoring scheme based on independent component analysis and adjusted outliers

Recently, the independent component analysis (ICA) has been widely used for non-Gaussian multivariate process monitoring. An elliptical type measure is traditionally used for ICA-based process monitoring. However, it will not work appropriately since the extracted ICA components exhibit skewed distribution. Thus, this study aims to develop a novel process monitoring scheme for ICA. The basic idea of the proposed method is to first screen out outliers in order to describe well majority for training dataset. Hereafter, a rectangular type measure is applied to monitor the process. The efficiency of proposed monitoring scheme will be implemented via a five variables simulation example and a case study of Tennessee Eastman process. Results indicate that the proposed method cannot only deal with the contaminated training dataset but also shows superior fault detection ability when compared with alternative methods.     

Geometric transformation based independent component analysis for mixed image separation

Abstract

An independent component analysis (ICA) method for image separation by geometric transformation of a scatter diagram is proposed. Geometric transformation and normalization are used to project mixed image signals to independent component space. This method includes four procedures: data correction, whitening, geometric rotation, and slant compensation. Several synthetic mixed image and real applications are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. From experimental results, mixed images are separated accurately by the proposed method.     

The influence of correlated calibration samples on the prediction performance of multivariate models based on mid-infrared spectra of animal cell cultures

The effect of the presence of metabolism-induced concentration correlations in the calibration samples on the prediction performance of partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models and mid-infrared spectra from Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures was investigated. Samples collected from batch cultures contained highly correlated metabolite concentrations as a result of metabolic relations. Calibrations based on such samples could only be used to predict concentrations in new samples if a similar correlation structure was present and failed when the new samples were randomly spiked with the analytes. On the other hand, such models were able to predict glucose correctly even if they were based on a spectral range in which glucose does not absorb, provided that the correlations in the calibration and in the new samples were similar. If however, samples from a calibration culture were randomly spiked with the main analytes, much more robust PLSR models resulted. It was possible to predict analyte concentrations in new samples irrespective of whether the correlation structure was maintained or not. Validity of all established models for any given use could be predicted a priori by computing the space inclusion and observer conditions. Predictions from these computations agreed in all cases with the experimental test of model validity.