混合铝基复合材料钻削工艺参数的优化(英文)

采用Taguchi方法和灰色关联分析对Al356/SiC-云母混合金属基复合材料的钻削工艺参数进行优化。实验采用L18正交阵列,在计算机的控制立式机床上进行。考察的钻削性能指标包括轴向力、表面粗糙度、刀具磨损和毛刺高度,对影响这些性能的钻削工艺参数进行了优化,包括轴转数、给进速度、钻头类型和云母质量分数。结果表明:给进速度和钻头类型是影响钻削过程的重要因素,通过这种方法可以有效地改进钻削工艺的性能。     

Burr minimizing scheme in drilling

In conventional drilling, burr formation can be changed by varying the drill’s geometry, i.e. the step angle and point angle. To minimize burr formation, it is proposed that a step drill be used. The step drill performs front edge cutting before step edge cutting. The burr formed in first cutting by front cutting edge can be removed in second cutting by step edge. In particular, new burrs are formed through the second cutting. They can be minimized by changing the drill’s geometry. A laser sensor is used to measure the burr formed in the drilling.     

Development of Drill Geometry for Burr Minimization In Drilling

The researchers carried out drilling tests using drills of various shapes to determine burr minimization. The ultimate objective of this study was to develop a compatible drill shape to minimize burr formation. For the experiment general carbide drills, round drills, chamfer drills and step drills are designed and manufactured. Burrs are generated under various cutting conditions using four different materials. A laser sensor was used to measure the burr dimensions. As a result of the experiments, step drill with specific step angle and step size Is suggested for burr minimization.     

Sequential laser and mechanical micro-drilling of Ni superalloy for aerospace application

Laser percussion drilling is inherently associated with poor geometry and thermal defects. While mechanical micro-drilling produces good quality holes, premature drill breakage often occurs and it is difficult to drill holes at acute angles. This paper presents the feasibility and basic characteristics of a new approach for micro-drilling In718 alloy sheets at an acute angle, using sequential laser and mechanical drilling. The results demonstrate that sequential laser-mechanical micro-drilling alleviates the defects associated with laser-drilled holes, reduces burr size and machining time and increases the tool life compared with mechanical drilling.     

二重顶角钻头抑制钻出毛刺的应用研究

从精益生产的角度强调在加工过程中主动控制钻孔毛刺的重要性,进一步充实了少无毛刺切削三原则的内涵;重点分析了二重顶角钻头在抑制钻孔出口处毛刺的5个优势,初步总结了二重顶角钻头主要参数的确定方法。     

Burr formation in intersecting holes

Regarding intersecting holes, the edges of cut are often difficult to access, as they are located inside the components. Hence it requires a lot of time and money to deburr them. In addition, burrs which come off in the later operation can lead to resultant damages. Examinations of intersecting holes showed that the effective exit surface angle, the angle between drill wall and exit surface, is crucial for burr formation. Based on the burr calculation for exit surfaces perpendicular to the drill axis, a method of calculation was developed out of the experimental results. By means of this calculation method the burr value g can be predicted for the short hole drilling of intersecting holes.     

开颅手术中面向低损伤制孔的钻头结构优化设计

为降低颅骨钻孔过程中的钻削温度与轴向力,通过有限元仿真软件ABAQUS建立颅骨钻削模型,探究麻花钻主要几何参数（顶角、螺旋角、腹板厚度与横刃斜角）对机械损伤与热损伤的影响规律。制备可减小机械损伤与热损伤的优化钻头,进行试验。结果表明：麻花钻最优几何参数为顶角96°、螺旋角38.802°、腹板厚度0.8 mm、横刃斜角131.018°;与优化前的钻头相比,优化后的钻头具有更低的轴向力与钻削温度。     

Optimization and control of drilling burr formation of AISI 304L and AISI 4118 based on drilling burr control charts

Control charts for drilling burr formation for stainless, AISI 304L, and low alloy steel, AISI 4118, were developed. Split point twist drills are used for the experiments of this work. A Drilling Burr Control Chart, based on experimental data, is a tool for prediction and control of drilling burrs. Burr classification was carried out based on the geometric characteristics, burr formation mechanisms and sizes of the burrs. New parameters consisting of cutting condition variables and drill diameter were developed, and used to show unique distributions of the burr types. Burr types and the resultant burr size showed great dependence on the new parameters regardless of the drill diameters. Through the chart, burr type can be predicted with given cutting conditions. Also cutting conditions that are believed to create preferred burr types can be selected.     

Mechanistic models of thrust force and torque in step-drilling of Al7075-T651

In the aerospace industry, burr removal is an important and expensive part of the manufacturing process. One approach to minimizing burrs is to lower the thrust force in drilling through suitable modification of the drill geometry such as the use of step drills. This paper focuses on the modeling of thrust force and torque for step drills. A mechanistic model capturing the various material removal mechanisms, i.e. oblique cutting, orthogonal cutting, and indentation, active on different sections of the step drill is developed. Subsequently, a series of experiments is conducted to calibrate and validate the model. The validation results show that the predicted thrust and torque values are in good agreement with measured values, although the torque is slightly underestimated. The validated model was further used to investigate the effects of step drill geometry parameters on the thrust force and torque. The model predictions suggest that the thrust force increases and the torque decreases for larger secondary point angles and inner diameters.     

Chisel edge and cutting lip shape optimization for improved twist drill point design

This paper investigates the optimization of twist drill point geometries in order to minimize thrust and torque in drilling. A point geometry parameterization based on the drill grinding parameters is used to ensure manufacturability of the optimized geometry. Three commonly used drill point geometries, namely, conical, Racon^® and helical, are optimized for drilling forces while maintaining the inherent characteristics of each of the profiles. A significant reduction is shown in the drilling forces for the optimized drills. Drills with the optimized conical point profile are produced and tests run to validate the reduction in thrust and torque.     

航空航天铝合金构件装配孔钻削出口毛刺研究进展

航空航天制造业中存在大量的铝合金装配孔加工需求。装配孔主要通过钻削加工实现,加工中存在铝合金出口毛刺过大的问题。出口毛刺直接影响工件的精度、抗疲劳强度、装配性能,去毛刺工序会极大地增加工时和成本。因此有必要对铝合金装配孔钻削出口毛刺进行研究,实现对出口毛刺的控制。从铝合金钻削出口毛刺的类型和测量方法、形成机理和高度预测以及毛刺控制方法等方面进行了系统性的论述,以期为铝合金钻削加工出口毛刺的研究提供帮助。      

Multi-Response Optimization of Process Parameters for Low-Pressure Cold Spray Coating Process Using Taguchi and Utility Concept

Most of the existing multi-response optimization approaches focus on the subjective and practical know-how of the process. As a result, some confusion and uncertainty are introduced in the overall decision-making process. In this work, an approach based on a Utility theory and Taguchi quality loss function has been applied to the process parameters for low-pressure cold spray process deposition of copper coatings, for simultaneous optimization of more than one response characteristics. In the present paper, two potential response parameters, i.e., coating thickness and coating density, have been selected. Utility values based on these response parameters have been analyzed for optimization using the Taguchi approach. The selected input parameters of powder feeding arrangement, substrate material, air stagnation pressure, air stagnation temperature, and stand-off distance significantly improve the Utility function (raw data) comprising quality characteristics (coating thickness and coating density). The percentage contribution of the parameters to achieve a higher value of Utility function is substrate material (50.03%), stand-off distance (28.87%), air stagnation pressure (6.41%), powder feeding arrangement (4.68%), and air stagnation temperature (2.64%).     

Monitoring of drilling for burr detection using spindle torque

This work proposes and evaluates a monitoring method, based on internal signals from spindle torque, to detect non-desired burr formation during drilling operations. Five features of this signal showed to be related to burr height. The selected features were sensitive to the exit burr while comparatively insensitive to changes in process parameters. The experiments were performed in aeronautics aluminium, Al 7075-T6, under dry high speed conditions. A thresholding algorithm has been developed to distinguish if burr height is below or above a previously established onset. The predictability of the developed algorithm is above 92% for the tested range of process parameters. An appropriate implementation of this monitoring system can be used as an effective quality control of drilling operations.     

A simple analytical model for burr type prediction in drilling of ductile materials

This paper proposes a new analytical model to predict the type of burr at drilling exit. The model is based on the theory of slip-planes and is specially developed to predict burr type formation in drilling of ductile materials. First the analytical model is set up, based on mechanical and geometrical considerations. Then it has been validated through experimental drilling tests on aeronautical aluminum by predicting burr type and thickness. The experimental results show that the model is suitable in the drilling of ductile materials and its validity domain has been established.     

田口试验法在PBGA焊点可靠性中的应用

在田口试验法的基础上,采用非线性有限元建模的方法对温度循环载荷作用下的PBGA(plastic ball grid array)焊点进行可靠性研究。PCB(printed circuit board)的大小和厚度、基板的大小和厚度、焊点的直径和高度、芯片以及塑封(EMC)的厚度等8个控制因子被选择用来填充L18田口正交表。通过田口试验法优化之后得到最佳的控制因子组合为A1,B3,C1,D2,E2,F3,G3,H3,其中最重要的4个因子为焊点直径A,PCB大小B,芯片厚度F,焊点高度G。结果表明,优化后的试验值和预测值分别比原始状态的试验值和预测值提高了2.87964和0.88286。     

Dedicated drill design for reduction in burr and delamination during the drilling of composite materials

In the drilling of composite materials such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic, burrs and delamination occur during machining. This study proposed a design of a drill tool with a shape that suppresses burrs and delamination during the drilling of composite materials. The tool shape (tip, groove, land, etc.) is determined, and a nick shape that cuts off chips and reduces heat generation is adopted. A finite element analysis and an experimental evaluation involving 4600 holes were conducted. The maximum errors in the hole diameter and roundness were 15 μm and 0.016, respectively. Further, the maximum burr height was observed to be 80 μm or less, and delamination was not observed in the experiment.     

Investigations on reducing burr formation in drilling

This paper reports the experimental investigations on reducing burr formation while drilling through-holes in metals. Experiments have been planned based on response surface methodology (RSM) technique. Mathematical models correlating response parameters (burr sizes) to the process parameters, e.g. feed, hole size and workpiece hardness have been obtained. Optimal process conditions to minimize the sizes of burr at the entry and exit of holes have been identified. In addition an attachment has been designed and developed to provide continuous modification of feed during drilling. It is reported that the optimal process conditions and the use of attachment can cause significant reductions in the sizes of burr.     

脉冲射流式岩屑床清理工具的研究

针对大斜度及水平井段,岩屑极易沉积在井筒底部形成一定高度的岩屑床,使得钻杆被埋没,造成钻杆摩阻增大、钻具断裂等问题,设计一种射流式岩屑床清洁工具,基于液固两相流理论,建立三维射流式清洁工具与普通携岩钻杆的仿真模型,并利用Fluent分析射流式清理工具的喷嘴喷射角度、喷嘴流速、岩屑粒径、钻井液排量等参数变化对环空井筒内岩屑体积分数及岩屑质量的影响规律。结果表明：增加脉冲射流式工具后,环空内的岩屑沉积量明显减少,在钻杆转速为80 r/min时,最佳的喷嘴角度为90°;增加喷嘴流速及钻井液排量都可以降低环空内的岩屑量;随着岩屑粒径的增加,环空内岩屑沉积更多。该工具能够降低沉积在环空内的岩屑质量,提高岩屑的运移能力。     

Drilling thick fabric woven CFRP laminates with double point angle drills

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) have many desirable properties, including high strength-to-weight ratio, high stiffness-to-weight ratio, high corrosion resistance, and low thermal expansion. These properties make CFRP suitable for use in structural components for aerospace applications. Drilling is the most common machining process applied to CFRP laminates, and it is difficult due to the extremely abrasive nature of the carbon fibers and low thermal conductivity of CFRP. It is a challenge for manufacturers to drill CFRP materials without causing any delamination on the work part while also considering the economics of the process. The subject of this study is the drilling of fabric woven type CFRP laminates which are known to be more resistant to delamination than unidirectional type CFRP laminates. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of double point angle drill geometry on drilling performance through an experimental approach. An uncoated carbide and two diamond coated carbide drills with different drill tip angles are employed in drilling experiments of aerospace quality thick fabric woven CFRP laminates. Force and torque measurements are used to investigate appropriate drilling conditions based on drill geometry and ideal drilling parameters are determined. Tool life tests of the drills were conducted and the condition of the diamond coating is examined as a function of drilling operational parameters. High feed rate drilling experiments are observed to be favorable in terms of drill wear. Feed is observed to be more important than speed, and the upper limit of feed is dictated by the drill design and the rigidity of the machine drill. Hole diameter variation due to drill wear is monitored to determine drill life. At high feeds, hole diameter tolerance is observed to be more critical than hole exit delamination during drilling of fabric woven CFRP laminates.     

Development of new drill geometry and its performance evaluation

A new type of drill, namely, the crankshaft multifacet drill, has been developed for crankshaft drilling. Thrust has been selected as a main index for the development of this drill geometry. The crankshaft multifacet drill can reduce the thrust by 25.2% under operating conditions identical to those of the conventional split point drill. This indicates that drill life could be increased. Under accelerated life test conditions, this new drill is capable of producing at least 25% more oilholes than would be produced by the conventional split point drill. Test results for radial force measurements, chip breaking capability, exit burr evaluation, and drill wear comparison have also been evaluated. This drill yields much better performance in all aspects than the drill currently used in industry. The crankshaft multifacet drill can not only enhance productivity but also improve hole quality as compared to the conventional split point drill.