山东省胃癌高低发生地区主要食物中微量元素的PIXE分析

介绍了用ＰＩＸＥ技术分析食物中微量元素的方法,给出了山东省胃癌高发区栖霞县和低发区苍山县当地产主要食物的微量元素谱。ｔ检验结果显示,栖霞县食物中Ｓｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ和Ｆｅ的含量显著高于苍山县,而Ｓｅ的含量则相反。     

山东省胃癌高低发区健康人发中微量元素的PIXE分析

用ＰＸＩＥ方法测定山东省胃癌高发区栖霞县和低发区苍山县高发年龄组（５０－６０岁）的健康人发中的微量元素,结果表明前人发中的Ａｓ,Ｃｏ,Ｆｅ,Ｃｒ显著高于后者,而Ｓｅ则相反。     

用PIXE技术分析山东省胃癌高,低发区饮水中的微量元素

介绍了用ＰＩＸＥ技术分析饮水中微量元素的方法，给出了山东省胃癌高发区栖霞县与低发区苍山县饮水中的微量元素谱。两地饮水中微量元素含量的检验显示，Ｔｉ，Ｖ，Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ和Ｆｒ等５种元素栖霞均显著高于苍山县。     

急性白血病血液中微量元素的PIXE分析

PIXE技术是目前分析生物样品中微量元素最有效的手段之一。为了探索急性白血病与微量元素的相关性,我们利用PIXE技术对30例未经治疗的急性白血病患者和16例正常人的全血作了微量元素分析。每份血样取0.5ml,经冰冻干燥和等离子灰化处理后,加内标钇制成薄靶。质子能量为2MeV,束流强度为20nA,照射时间为15分钟。对样品中5种元素进行了定     

人发样品中微量元素的XRF分析

通过化学加入法校正吸收效应，采用X射线荧光分析法(XRF)分析人发样品，确定人发中微量元素的含量。以实际人发样品为基础，求得经基体吸收后的相对效率，拟合出相对效率与基体中重要成分Ca含量的关系式，然后用标定的系数进行人发样品中的Ca、Cu、Fe、Zn含量分析。采用此方法分析了一组人发标准物质，并与国标推荐值进行比较，结果表明测定值与推荐值符合情况良好，与国标相比偏差为Ca0．28％，Fe0．99％，Cu2．6％，Zn0；相对测量误差Ca2．2％，Fe1．7％，Cu2．2％，Zn1．1％，其灵敏度≤2．2％。表明采用XRF分析人发中微量元素含量是可行的。     

人发中微量元素的中子活化分析

本文介绍采用长短照射相结合的仪器中子活化分析法,测定了克山病病区、非病区的男性儿童头发中多种微量元素含量。比较了国内常用的及IAEA推荐的清洗方法对头发中微量元素测定的影响。用NBS标准参考物核对了实验中使用的部份标准,结果满意。本工作共分析了48例头发样品中27种元素含量,初步获得了某些元素在三个地区人发中分布的规律。     

股骨头松质骨中无机元素的PIXE分析

使用质子激发Ｘ射线荧光分析技术测定了５例正常人和７例股骨颈骨折患者股骨头松质骨中无机元素谱的分布。详细介绍了骨样品处理技术，建立了正确测定骨骼微量元素的定量方法。结果表明在对照组中元素Ｐ、Ｃａ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｓｒ的含量高于病变组，统计检验表明有显著意义，而元素Ｓ、Ｋ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ在两组间无显著差异。对Ｃａ、Ｐ、Ｓｒ、Ｃｕ等无机元素的生理功能进行了初步的讨论。     

用PIXE方法分析人发中微量元素时数据质量问题剖析

头发是人体排泄微量元素的器官之一,头发中微量元素的含量间接地反映人体中微量元素的含量。头发中微量元素的含量能反映一定时间内人体微量元素含量的情况。它可以作为环境条件和人体功能的“指示器”,给出环境污染和人体健康与疾病的信息。而发样又     

用PIXE方法研究骨折家兔骨骼微量元素的变化

用质子激发X荧光分析法测定48只家兔在挠骨骨折愈合过程中骨骼中多种微量元素含量的变化。结果表明，Fe和Sr分别呈鼓凸形和下凹形规律性变化，故Fe和Sr含量的变化可作为骨折愈合过程的指示剂。在骨折愈合过程中发现骨骼和血液中元素钙的相对含量保持不变，故无法为西医用补充钙来治疗骨折的疗法提供依据，但我们的研究结果却表明中医补充微量元素治疗骨折的疗法是有道理的。     

Study by PIXE method of trace elements transferred from prostheses to soft tissues and organs

Some metallic prostheses inserted in human hip undergo physico-chemical modification, a few years after their implantation. Tissues surrounding these prostheses are damaged by metallic element transfer. Surgeons in Clermont-Ferrand Hospital (France) recover tissues of abnormal coloration that were in contact with metallic implants. PIXE technique (particles induced X-ray emission) with a 400 μm proton beam and 3 MeV of energy is an efficient technique to analyze these tissues and to detect elements, which are transferred from prosthesis to tissues. PIXE analyses were carried at the CERI-CNRS Laboratory. We have applied this method to determine qualitatively and quantitatively trace elements migration from metallic implants to surrounding tissues and organs, like kidney, spleen, liver, lymphatic gland and lung.     

质子激发X荧光法测定西太平洋海域雨水的微量元素组成

用质子激发Ｘ荧光分析法测定了西太平洋海域海面上雨水中微量元素的组成和浓度，并通过富集因子的计算，表明海面上雨水中的地壳元素和污染元素主要来自陆地长距离输送的尘土粒子及人为排放污染物。     

用PIXE研究经络穴位元素浓度的异常分布

采用外束质子激发Ｘ荧光发射技术测定了与穴位位置相对应的结缔组织结构中元素浓度的特异性分析,初步发现,穴位区富集有Ｃａ,Ｐ,Ｋ,Ｆｅ,Ｚｎ等元素。     

Trace elements in lake sediments measured by the PIXE technique

Lakes are ecosystems where there is a great potential of metal accumulation in sediments due to their depositional characteristics. Total concentration of trace elements was measured on a 50 cm long sediment core from the Infernão Lake, that is an oxbow lake of the Moji-Guaçu River basin, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Dating of the core shows up to 180 yrs old sediment layers. The use of the PIXE technique for elemental analysis avoids the traditional acid digestion procedure common in other techniques. The multielemental characteristic of PIXE allows a simultaneous determination of about 20 elements in the sediment samples, such as, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Ba, and Pb. Average values for the elemental composition were found to be similar to the bulk crustal composition. The lake flooding pattern strongly influences the time series of the elemental profiles. Factor analysis of the elemental variability shows five factors. Two of the factors represent the mineralogical matrix, and others represent the organic component, a factor with lead, and another loaded with chromium. The mineralogical component consists of elements such as, Fe, Al, V, Ti, Mn, Ni, K, Zr, Sr, Cu and Zn. The variability of Si is explained by two distinct factors, because it is influenced by two different sources, aluminum-silicates and quartz, and the effect of inundation are different for each other. The organic matter is strongly associated with calcium, and also bounded with S, Zn, Cu and P. Lead and chromium appears as separated factors, although it is not clear the evidences for their anthropogenic origin. The techniques developed for sample preparation and PIXE analysis was proven as advantageous and provided very good reproducibility and accuracy.     

用PIXE和自身对照方式研究肿瘤中痕量元素的变化

用质子X荧光分析法(PIXE)分析了15只小白鼠的S180纤维肉瘤和正常组织中15种元素含量,采用自身对照形式研究痕量元素变化,以消除生物个体的差异。另取健康小鼠作空白,数据作统计分析,结果发现Fe、Zn、As和Cu/Zn以及多种元素比值有明显的差异,并讨论了这些元素与肿瘤的关系。     

Changes in trace elements of cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage, and effects of trace elements on vasospasm

Various causal factors have been proposed for cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), such as serotonin, acetylcholine, angiotensin, thrombin and thromboxane A2. However, none of them explain the whole pathomechanism of vasospasm. To evaluate the role of trace elements on vasospasm, we have examined these sequential changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after SAH by PIXE, and have investigated the relation between trace elements and vasospasm. We obtained the CSF samples from cisternal drainage in patients with SAH who underwent radical surgery within 48 h from the onset. The drainage was placed into basal cisterns at the end of the operation. Three sampling times (3–5, 7–9 and 12–14 days from the onset) has been scheduled because vasospasm is likely to occur from day 4 to day 14 after the onset. In this study, we focused on the levels of Mg, Ca, Mn, Al, Zn, P, Pb, Sr, Br, Co, Cu, Si, Ti, Mn,Co, Cu, Zn, Br, Sr, Mo and Pb, and we found a significantly lower level of Mg in the CSF of patients with vasospasm on days 7–9 after the onset. These results suggest that Mg in the CSF may ameliorate vasoconstriction due to Ca in the pathomechanism of vasospasm.