大型充填袋筑堤现场试验研究

为减少港口开发建设中大量使用开山石对自然环境造成的破坏,探讨直接利用黏粒含量超过现行规范的航道疏浚土充填袋筑堤可行性,通过埋设原观仪器对疏浚土充填袋筑堤进行了现场试验研究。结果表明:充填泥袋内产生的超静孔压较小,消散速度快,采用疏浚土作为充灌材料完全满足充填袋筑堤进度要求;充填袋筑堤期间地基的实测最大沉降量为249 mm,水平位移速率始终处于地基稳定控制标准范围内,说明充填袋筑堤过程中地基是安全的;充填袋的主要压缩过程在3~6 d内完成,平均压缩率约为15.7%;分布式光纤实测充填袋袋体受力远小于设计值,未发现由于充填袋自身强度不足造成袋体破坏的情况;地质雷达探测充填袋厚度与现场实测沉降分析结果较吻合,袋体充盈情况良好,相邻两层袋体分界线清晰可见,其测量精度满足工程检测要求,为快速检测充填袋筑堤质量提供了强有力的技术支撑;试验段建成后,堤身结构稳定可靠,经过两年多的正常运行,堤身完好无损,实践证明利用疏浚土充填袋筑堤是成功的。     

齐大岗子风剥砂堤新型筑堤结构设计研究

本文结合风剥砂堤综合治理技术研究试验项目,叙述了风剥砂堤的特点以及新型筑堤结构形式。该险工段堤体采用粉细砂加筋土工布进行筑堤,浆砌石和土工包护脚、机织模袋混凝土护坡、塑料滤水管排水、生物固滩等技术进行综合治理。该工程于2004年秋季完成施工任务,并通过在新筑堤防内埋设的各类传感器对加筋粉细砂筑堤效果进行跟踪观测。     

隧道超前地质预报中的地质雷达波场特征分析与应用

为提取破碎带、 溶洞等隧道不良地质体的地质雷达剖面特征, 达到提高地质雷达(GPR)隧道超前预报结果准确性的目的, 采用二维时域有限差分法, 设计隧道环境下的水平破碎带、 倾斜破碎带、 空腔溶洞和含水溶洞的4种理论模型, 正演模拟其雷达剖面记录。 通过安江高速公路3个岩溶隧道GPR探测典型实例结果, 证明了本次正演模拟结果的有效性。 研究结果表明: GPR在短距离内识别破碎带、 溶洞等不良地质体的位置和水平发育情况上效果比较明显, 而对于不良地质体垂直发育情况以及倾斜角度方面存在一定的局限性。 因此, 以详细的工作面地质素描为基础, 利用隧道不良地质体雷达剖面特征对实测GPR资料进行分析, 可以获得较好的超前预报结果。     

沿海大型围堤充填袋筑堤技术设计与研究

以江苏南通洋口港三期围堤工程为实例,进行沿海大型围垦工程充填袋筑堤新技术的理论研究与结构设计,优化各种复杂工况下充填袋吹填的围堤堤身防渗、抗冲及地基整体稳定条件与其合理性的计算模式和施工组织设计。可以为其他类似工程设计提供借鉴。     

青草沙水库深水段抛填砂袋筑堤关键技术研究与实践

在长江口北港水深较大的潮位变动区采用抛填袋装砂双棱体斜坡堤这种新型结构,作为青草沙水库深水段堤坝结构,并针对抛填砂袋的保砂性、砂袋材料强度的可靠性、施工期砂袋在波浪水流作用下的稳定性以及抛填堤身的密实性等关键技术,经研究后提出了抛填砂袋的袋布材料、砂袋尺度以及施工方式等控制性指标要求,为袋装砂结构的应用由浅滩筑堤领域推向深水筑堤领域提供了设计和施工经验,具有推广应用价值。     

充填砂流失原因分析与控制

1　工程概况磨刀门整治工程是对珠江磨刀门水道入海口进行疏导,以利洪水顺畅入海。工程主要内容包括:河道疏浚及抛泥区堤围修筑,其中堤围采用新型施工工艺———大型土工织物袋充填砂筑堤。堤身结构由四层土工织物袋堆叠构成,每层袋充填厚度为50cm,袋顶及外露面覆盖土工布、碎石垫层以及块石作为防护层。堤围总长6283m,充填砂总方量为10.5×104m3。2　砂料流失量测定现场抽取4个袋(长宽尺度为20m×4m,按设计厚度0.5m单个袋体须充填砂40m3)进行流失量统计,见表1。表1　砂料流失统计表组次充填前船载砂量/m3充填后袋体内砂量/m3流失量/m3流失…     

吹填海泥掺水泥充灌模袋筑堤试验

围堤建设是围海造陆工程中必不可少的一部分,采用充淤泥模袋筑堤是一种新兴施工方法。现场试验采用吹填海泥掺加一定比例固化剂(水泥)充填入土工模袋进行筑堤,沉降、侧向位移及孔压等监测数据均能满足设计要求。同时,通过不同泥浆比重、不同水泥掺入比的模型试验分析了模袋的排水特性、掺固化剂海泥的强度特性。试验结果显示,吹填海泥掺水泥充灌模袋筑堤工法筑堤淤泥固结快,效果明显。更多还原     

锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞施工期地下水探测技术研究

锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞施工地质条件复杂、埋深大、洞线长、洞径大.高压集中涌水的预防与处理成为隧道超前地质预报的重中之重,应用地质雷达(GPR)技术进行地下水的超前探测预报不仅可行有效,且具有扫描速度快、操作简便、分辨率高、图像直观等优点.本文结合工程实际,分析了GPR进行地下水探测的基本原理和方法,并总结了局限性,可为GPR进行地下水探测的理论研究和工程应用提供一定的参考.     

地雷达检测隧道衬砌中的问题阐述

地雷达即地质雷达（Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR)）是一种利用高频电磁波技术探测地下物体的电子设备。随着时代的不断发展和社会的不断进步,地质雷达也在随着时代不断地发展,在现如今的地质雷达当中,做常做的工作便是进行隧道衬砌的质量检测,利用地质雷达进行隧道衬砌检测工作具有方便、快速、便捷等优点。但...     

分布式传感光纤测量疏浚土大型充填袋变形

港工建设中采用航道疏浚土作为新型筑堤材料的关键技术研究,对于解决资源短缺和环境制约等问题具有重要意义。由于无法应用传统点式监测技术测量充填袋充填、加载中袋体的受力及变形过程,针对高含泥量疏浚土大型充填袋袋体受力及变形监测等工程实践问题,通过室内标定试验和现场原型试验,开展了传感光纤选型、胶结固定及保护方式、测量精度及误差分析、工程原型应用测试等分布式光纤传感技术应用于高含泥量疏浚土大型充填袋受力及变形测量的可行性研究。试验研究表明,疏浚土大型充填袋袋体受力及变形监测中应选用柔性护套应变传感光纤,以柔性胶固定;选择合适的传感光纤能够使袋体受力及变形的测量精度达到±30με,监测空间分辨率0.1 m,最大应变测量范围30 000με;分布式光纤传感技术是疏浚土大型充填袋袋体受力及变形监测的可靠新型测量方法。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。