雅砻江流域施工期水电站安全监测信息化探讨

随着水电工程建设能力的提高和规模的迅速发展,安全监测要求也随之提高。施工期监测资料管理工作繁杂,数据处理工作量较大,如锦屏一级水电站有1万余测点,人工数据采集、处理无法及时、快速、全面、准确、可靠满足工程施工期安全监测等要求。随着计算机软件、硬件、网络技术的进步,施工期安全监测信息化管理正在逐步变为现实,通过安全监测仪器接入自动化采集系统,实现现场自动数据采集,将采集上来的数据流接入监测环网中再加以信息软件处理后,可实现参建各方及时了解现场安全监测仪器安装、数据变化情况,为安全监测仪器全生命周期管理以及后续电厂接手安全监测工作奠定良好的基础。     

喀麦隆曼维莱水电站安全监测自动化系统的运行与维护

曼维莱水电站安全监测自动化系统分为大坝及工程安全自动化监测软件和数据采集系统两部分组成,通过该工程实例,介绍了系统在工程中的应用以及数据采集系统的安装与数据采集,并考虑系统在运行期间可能出现的仪器、设备异常和故障检测方法与维护。     

荆江大堤公安堤防自动化监测预警系统技术

根据长江防洪安全的需要，开展了堤防自动化监测预警系统的技术研究。以湖北省荆南长江干堤公安县斗湖堤为实验基地，建立了堤防自动化监测预警系统。系统由监测传感器、数据采集设备、数据传输网络、安全评价及预测理论模型、采集处理和预警软件组成。预警系统已于2003年4月投入运行。文中简要介绍了该系统的堤防背景、监测布置设计、系统的结构和功能特点。     

燕山水库数据采集系统浅析

文章简要介绍了燕山水库数据采集系统,着重从数据采集服务器和数据采集网页两个部分阐述了数据采集系统的功能和使用方法。数据采集系统化在水库安全监测方面实现自动化、信息化、智能化的过程中起着至关重要的作用,作为水库运行管理的一员,一定要熟练掌握数据采集系统,更好地为水库管理实现标准化、自动化、信息化、智能化打下良好的技术基础。     

长江科学院研发生产的工程安全监测设备获得全国工业产品生产许可证

正2017年4月11日,长江科学院工程安全与灾害防治研究所自主研发、武汉长江科创科技发展有限公司生产的CK-MCU型自动化数据采集单元及CK-ZX-1型手持式振弦读数仪获得由湖北省质量技术监督局颁发的"全国工业产品生产许可证"。CK-MCU型自动化数据采集单元是一款用于各类工程安全监测的自动化测量装置,可采集多种类型传感器,完成工程安全监测仪器的自动测量和记录。产品除了符合国家行业标准《大坝安全监测数据自动化采集装置》(DL/T 1134-2009)规定外,还具有     

大坝自动监测系统在桃山水库工程中的应用

工程安全监测自动化系统是集工程建筑物（构筑物）、传感器、多功能采集设备（MCU）、计算机、自动化和通信技术于一体的系统工程。工程监测自动化系统由网络监测站（运行遥测监控软件和数据处理及管理等软件）、现场数据采集网络、传输介质这3个部分组成。     

南津渡水电站大坝安全监测系统数据采集和分析

文章主要讨论了大坝安全监测中扬压监测数据的采集和分析，详细解释了数据采集整个过程，以及相配套硬件和软件。通过引入数字滤波，将传感器数据进行分析处理，从而获取稳定传感器数据，为大坝安全监测与监控提供十分准确与可靠的数据。     

单片机的多功能温度检测系统设计

工程安全监测自动化系统是集工程建筑物（构筑物）、传感器、多功能采集设备（MCU）、计算机、自动化和通信技术于一体的系统工程。工程监测自动化系统由网络监测站（运行遥测监控软件和数据处理及管理等软件）、现场数据采集网络、传输介质3部分组成。     

三峡大坝安全监测自动化系统简介

三峡工程安全监测覆盖整个枢纽建筑物及基础,接入系统的变形、渗流、应力应变等监测点共计有2 153点。安全监测的特点是测点多、分布面广、传感器品种多、工作环境恶劣、监测数据量大。结构建设充分考虑上述特点,并结合当前计算机网络技术发展现状和趋势,考虑分期实施要求,安全监测自动化系统网络总体分为监测中心至采集站层和采集站层至DAU(数据采集站)两层。系统主要包括1个监测中心、5个数据采集站、61个数据采集单元区。系统的数据管理与分析软件采用面向对象的软件设计方法,达到功能完善、操作灵活、运行可靠、先进实用的目标。     

苏丹麦洛维大坝安全监测自动化系统的设计

苏丹麦洛维大坝工程安全监测自动化系统是苏丹乃至非洲最大的水电站安全监测自动化系统工程,系统分为18个子系统,共接入各类监测测点6 391个。为了简单和及时进行数据采集,自动化采集系统设计时将所有的、可兼容的监测设备归为一体。论述了大坝安全监测自动化系统的总体设计思路,包括子系统的设置、系统网络设计、通信方式设计、系统防雷设计、系统功能设计及数据流程,对今后大型大坝安全监测自动化系统的设计、实施具有重要的参考意义。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。