天津某深基坑工程监测结果分析与研究

天津某深基坑工程,由于其深度较深,周围环境复杂,并且紧邻地铁,因而在深基坑施工作业过程中有必要对基坑的支护结构以及周边环境进行监测。针对基坑的特点,制定了合理的监测方案,对基坑的深层水平位移、围护结构顶部水平位移、立柱竖向位移以及坑外地下水位进行监测,并对监测结果进行分析。监测结果表明,基坑的围护结构变形及立柱竖向位移随着基坑土体开挖卸荷过程的进行而呈现出逐渐增大的趋势,而支撑的作用会抑制这种变形,基坑底板施工完成后,变形逐渐趋于稳定。监测成果为基坑施工过程中工程的安全性提供了可靠的保障,可为类似工程提供参考和依据。     

昆明市某深基坑变形监测实例分析

昆明某深基坑开挖面积大、开挖深度深、形状复杂，并且紧邻地铁和小学，周围环境复杂。为了确保建筑施工的安全，必须对基坑的支护结构以及周边环境进行监测。综合考虑基坑周围环境、工程地质条件及水文地质条件，制定基坑监测方案，论述深基坑变形监测的目的、监测内容以及监测点布置。根据工程监测数据结果，对坡顶水平位移及垂直位移、土体深层水平位移、立柱内力、支撑内力、地下水位进行分析。结果表明，内支撑的轴力、基坑坡顶、冠梁顶部位移整体呈现平稳的增长趋势。立柱底部受基坑土体挤压，引起基坑土体回弹，后期逐渐稳定。监测结果能够真实准确地反映基坑的变形情况，为今后类似工程施工提供借鉴和参考。     

深基坑变形监测与分析

以成都某深基坑工程为研究对象,对支护结构的变形展开了监测分析,在统计研究监测数据的基础上,得出了基坑开挖及开挖完成后支护结构顶部水平位移、顶部沉降、深层水平位移随时间变化曲线,探索了变形机理和发展趋势,同时提出了改善变形的几点建议,可为类似工程提供技术参考。     

某复合土钉墙支护基坑的变形监测与数值模拟研究

目前,越来越多的深基坑采用复合土钉墙支护,以某采用复合土钉墙支护的深基坑为研究对象,在基坑开挖施工过程中,对基坑侧壁深层水平位移,顶部水平位移,顶部竖向位移进行监测.通过对现场的监测数据分析与研究,可以得出在安全可控的范围之内,该基坑的整体变形值随着开挖深度的增加而增大,基坑侧壁的深层水平位移沿深度方向呈鼓腹状,基坑支...     

泵站深基坑支护结构的离心模型试验研究

由于2016年武汉市政排水出现问题,原定于2019年完工的江南泵站要求提前满足排水条件。为了满足工期要求必须对原定地下连续墙+3道内支撑的支护结构进行优化。为了明确优化后支护方案的可行性,进行了原定支护方案和优化支护方案的离心模型试验,分析了反映基坑稳定的关键变形量,即桩水平位移与弯矩、基坑周边土体沉降,结果发现支护结构变更为大直径钻孔灌注桩+1道内支撑后围护结构水平位移、弯矩以及基坑外地表沉降均有一定程度的增加但仍能确保基坑稳定。研究结果表明:减少内支撑数量及围护结构刚度会导致支护结构水平位移和地表沉降的最大值有一定程度的增长,水平位移最大值出现位置下移,但是对基坑外地表沉降规律影响较小。研究过程对类似的基坑工程具有借鉴意义。     

软土地区泵站基坑支护结构应力变形分析

为研究软土地基单侧开敞式不对称基坑支护结构的应力变形特征,采用ANSYS等软件构建全断面的泵站基坑三维有限元模型。针对挡土墙不同的模拟方式,研究基坑开挖过程中支护结构应力变形规律,对比分析得出推荐方案,开展推荐方案围护桩顶竖向位移数值模拟结果与监测成果对比分析。研究结果表明：泵站基坑开挖土体后立即施工支撑构件,围护桩墙位移整体减小,时空效应明显;建模时在挡土墙处加法向位移约束相较于不加法向位移约束,在一定程度上减小围护桩墙和位移值、桩墙顶竖向位移值、支护结构最大拉应力和最大压应力,并对坑底回弹有一定的约束作用,符合实际情况,建议采用该模拟方式;围护桩墙顶竖向位移的有限元数值模拟结果较监测结果偏大,存在一定的安全裕度。     

南京某地下电缆隧道工程深基坑监测与分析

为保证基坑周围土体的稳定,减小基坑开挖过程对周围环境的影响,以南京某地下电缆隧道深基坑工程为例,介绍了该工程的基本特点和监测方案。通过对现场监测数据的总结分析,探讨了基坑开挖过程中周边土体位移的一般规律,并对某段电缆隧道明挖段因支护不及时导致路面坍塌进行对比分析,为软土地区同类工程的设计与施工提供借鉴。     

某基坑工程支护设计与变形分析

通过对工程项目概况的了解,结合工程的地质状况,在分析了开挖对周围小区和地铁干线影响的状况下,对平凉街道22街坊商办地块项目进行基坑开挖和支护进行了设计。鉴于基坑工程深度大,周围环境复杂,并且紧邻地铁隧道,为了减少开挖对周围环境的影响,合理的进行施工。根据当地的地质状况及基坑的特点,采用明挖顺做法进行施工,围护体采用地下连续墙、灌注桩结合止水帷幕两种形式。对在深基坑施工过程中的支护结构及周围的环境变形进行监测方案的设计,并就施工对周围环境的影响进行分析。结果表明可满足该工程的稳定性要求和对周围环境的影响,为进一步研究其他基坑和类似工程提供借鉴。     

深厚软土浅基坑支护结构选型和SMW工法的应用

在深厚软土(厚度约20～30 m)的地质条件下浅基坑(1层地下室,开挖约4～6 m)的支护结构选型和设计一直困扰着设计人员。该文以佛山某深厚软土浅基坑支护设计为例,对支护结构选型进行了分析和方案比选,通过技术经济比较,确定了SMW工法方案为最优方案。将基坑监测数据与设计值进行对比,发现支护结构顶的水平位移监测值与设计计算值较吻合,说明方案效果良好。该工程实践表明在深厚软土浅基坑中采用型钢水泥土搅拌墙方案既安全又经济合理,值得推广应用。     

软土地区地铁车站基坑支护结构变形研究

针对天津中北镇站-福姜路站地铁隧道项目的基坑开挖和施工,对其不同阶段测点的地下连续墙支护结构水平位移进行监测,分析淤泥软土对基坑支护结构及结构变形的影响,并对地基处理效果进行评价。结果表明：墙体变形最危险阶段为垫层浇筑阶段,垫层浇筑完成后,墙体水平位移基本达到峰值;底板浇筑完成后,墙体水平位移呈现稳定态势。通过对基坑底部进行加固,可减少软土对基坑支护变形的影响,使基坑支护最大横向位移深度减小,因此在基坑设计和施工时,应在垫层浇筑阶段进行必要的局部加固处理。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。