铸态及喷雾沉积态ZA27合金的阻尼性能比较

利用喷雾沉积快速凝固技术制备了ZA27合金,探讨了该工艺对ZA27合金组织和阻尼性能的影响,并与铸态的同类合金作了对比。结果表明,无论是喷雾沉积态还是铸态,随着频率的减小或温度的升高,ZA27合金的阻尼值增大,且在试验范围内阻尼性能不随应变振幅变化。室温下,喷雾沉积态ZA27合金的阻尼性能高出铸态合金的约1倍,如振动频率为1Hz,30℃时喷雾沉积ZA27合金的阻尼可达1.62×10-2。但当温度高于一定值以上时,铸态的阻尼性能高于喷雾沉积态的。阻尼的这种变化是与其组织密切相关的。     

热挤压铸态ZA27合金阻尼性能研究

对铸态ZA27合金在250℃进行了挤压比为7的热挤压,利用多功能内耗仪测试合金的阻尼。结果表明,挤压ZA27合金的阻尼随着温度升高而升高,随频率增大而减小,与应变振幅无关。挤压可提高合金阻尼,温度越高,提高幅度越明显。如25℃时挤压可使合金阻尼提高17%,而145℃时则提高了44%。热挤压使ZA27合金晶粒细化,位错增多,从而提高了合金阻尼。     

复相型Zn—Al基减震合金阻尼特性的研究

采用声频法和低频扭摆法及粘弹仪对复相型Zn-Al减震合金的内耗温度谱(Q~(-1)-T)、内耗频率谱(Q~(-1)-f)和内耗应力应变振幅谱(Q~(-1)-Am)的依存性特征进行了研究.表明Zn-Al减震合金的内耗(阻尼性能)与温度和频率具有显著的依存性。内耗随温度的上升呈单调增大,随频率的下降而提高。Zn-Al基减震合金的阻尼性能几乎无应变振幅效应,在低应力应变振幅条件下就具备高阻尼特性。文中将Zn-Al减震合金的上述性能与普通铸铝ZL104和铸铁HT200进行了对比.     

铸态BeAl合金的低频阻尼特性研究

利用动态热机械分析仪研究了铸态BeAl合金的低频阻尼性能.研究结果表明,在小位移振幅下(A＜10μm)铸态BeAl合金的内耗值在30～200 ℃范围内基本不变,且与频率无关,温度高于200 ℃时,随温度的升高而急剧增大,并随频率增大而降低,分析认为,界面滑移、热错配应变和位错脱钉是铍铝合金阻尼值急剧变化的原因.得到了BeAl合金阻尼的线性拟合公式,利用该公式可以估算此合金的阻尼大小及行为,并揭示BeAl合金的阻尼机理.     

Fe-Cr-Mo、Cu-Zn-Al、Fe-Mn合金减振性能的研究

针对目前不同阻尼合金之间可比性差的问题,采用同种测试方法研究了Fe-Cr-Mo、Cu-Zn-Al和Fe-Mn三种阻尼合金的阻尼性能和力学性能,有利于针对实际应用条件选取合适的合金。利用倒扭摆测试合金阻尼性能,万能实验机测试力学性能。结果表明:同18-8不锈钢相比,三种合金都具有显著的高阻尼性能;Fe-Cr-Mo合金的阻尼性能随着应变振幅增加而迅速增加,在1×10-4～2×10-4范围内出现峰值,随后又逐渐下降;Cu-Zn-Al合金的阻尼性能随着应变振幅的增加而增加,在2×10-4左右出现平台;Fe-Mn合金的阻尼性能随应变振幅的增加呈现线性增加趋势。Fe-Mn合金的综合力学性能最好,Fe-Cr-Mo合金次之,Cu-Zn-Al合金最低。     

阻尼镁合金的研究现状与发展趋势

阐明了镁合金的阻尼机理及应变振幅、频率、温度对镁合金阻尼性能的影响.综述了当前改善镁合金阻尼性能的主要方法,如添加合金元素、控制变形工艺、热处理、控制晶粒尺寸和取向、添加增强相.指出通过添加新的增强相和合金元素,引入位错阻尼之外新的阻尼产生机制,解决阻尼性能与力学性能的矛盾,将是未来高性能阻尼镁合金材料研究的重要方向,而且,产品外形结构设计与阻尼性能的关系也是值得关注的一个新研究方向.     

铸态ZK51镁合金的显微组织及其阻尼行为

研究了铸态ZK51镁合金的显微组织及其阻尼行为.结果表明,铸态ZK51镁合金显微组织由α-Mg及少量分布在晶界或晶内的Mg7Zn3相组成.室温下,铸态ZK51镁合金的阻尼值随振动频率变化不明显,只随应变振幅的增大而明显增大.在高温200℃条件下,材料阻尼性能随振动频率的增加而呈现指数下降趋势.铸态ZK51镁合金在280℃附近出现热激活弛豫阻尼峰.合金的阻尼行为可采用Granato-Lücke位错阻尼理论解释.     

环境温度对Fe-14Mn-0.22C合金阻尼性能的影响

为了了解Fe-Mn基阻尼合金的高温阻尼性能,用真空感应电炉的方法制备了Fe-14.04Mn-0.22C合金.用倒扭摆内耗仪测试了环境温度在23～400℃变化时合金阻尼性能的变化规律,并用热机械分析仪和光学显微镜分析了合金的组织结构及其相变特点.研究结果表明,在常温条件下合金的阻尼性能随扭转应变的增加而呈线性方式增加,扭转应变在1×10-4时,对数衰减率达0.1,且没有出现峰值;随着环境温度的变化,对数衰减曲线与应变的线性关系没有发生改变,但是曲线发生了整体的上下平移;当环境温度低于200℃时,合金的阻尼性能随温度的升高而增加,但当温度达到或超过200℃后,合金的阻尼性能迅速下降,其原因在于合金发生了奥氏体转变(As为270℃),马氏体的百分含量降低,阻尼源减少.     

人工时效对铸造ZA27Ce合金阻尼性能的影响

对250℃人工时效ZA27Ce合金进行阻尼性能测定,发现该热处理制度可以有效提高ZA27Ce合金的阻尼性能;利用TEM观察了合金的铸态以及热处理态组织,发现热处理过程中丰富的固态相变和充分的调幅分解提高了ZA27Ce合金的阻尼性能。     

Mg-Li-Al合金阻尼性能的研究

研究了MgLi4Al和MgLi8Al合金的阻尼性能,结果表明,Mg-Li-Al合金的阻尼性能随锂含量的增多和温度的提高而明显增高,其中MgAl8Al合金的室温阻尼性能达到Q1＝0．01的高阻尼值,MgLi8Al合金的阻尼明显大于MgLi4Al合金的阻尼是由于MgLi8Al合金相界阻尼的贡献。     

RE对Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.3Mn镁合金阻尼性能的影响

研究了 RE对Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.3Mn镁合金阻尼性能的影响.研究表明,加入RE后降低了合金低温下的阻尼性能,但明显提高了其在高温下(≥120℃)的阻尼性能.高温下,加入1.0%RE的合金表现出了最高的阻尼性能.由于高温下合金中相界面的软化及粘性滑动,四种合金在高温下均存在一个温度内耗峰,只是出现的温度不同.RE的加入推迟了温度内耗峰出现的温度.分析认为,加入RE后合金的阻尼机制主要是位错机制和界面机制.可动位错密度越高,晶粒越细,晶界和相界越多,阻尼性能越好.     

Damping Capacity and Creep Resistance of Spray Deposited High Silicon Alloy ZA27

High Al zinc-based alloys are widely used in industry for their good ambient temperature mechanical properties and damping capacity. With the rise of service temperature its damping property increases but mechanical property decreases greatly Here two ways-alloying and spray deposition technique were adopted to improve the service temperature limitation of the alloy ZA27 in an effort to develop a new functional material with high damping capacity and good elevated temperature mechanical property. The effects of addition of 5 wt pct of Si Qn the damping behaviour and elevated temperature creep resistance of alloy ZA27 were investigated. The damping capacity, as well as the relative dynamic modulus, was measured at frequency of 1,4 Hz over the 303 to 573 K. No peak phenomenon was observed for the specimens tested in the temperature range of interest. Experimental results indicated that the damping capacity of the deposited material was 2.8 times higher than that of the cast one at 305 K. The ball hardness values were used to evaluate the creep property and the creep activation energy of the deposited material is 3.9~5.7 kJ per mol higher than that of the as-cast one. The creep rate formuIation was also derived. Finally, the operative damping and creep mechanisms were discussed in the light of the data obtained from its characterization of microstructure, damping capacity and creep reslstance     

退火工艺对Al/Mg/Al复合板界面结合与阻尼性能的影响

研究了Al/Mg/Al三明治结构复合板的退火热处理工艺,探讨了退火温度、时间对复合界面和阻尼性能的影响。结果表明:退火使得Mg层中的孪晶及变形组织消失,晶粒明显长大,且可以促进Al-Mg界面原子的相互扩散。随着退火温度的升高,界面效应对复合板的阻尼性能影响由不利转变为有利,在250℃下随着退火时间的延长,复合板的阻尼性能有一定的提高。综合复合板的组织与性能要求,得到Al/Mg/Al复合板的最佳退火工艺为250℃×2h,在应变振幅为5×10~(-4)下复合板的阻尼值Q~(-1)达0.045。     

Damping Behaviour and Mechanism of Graphite ParticulateReinforced Metal Matrix Composites

The effect of graphite particulate reinforcement on the resultant damping behaviour of ZA27metal matrix composites (MMCs) has been investigated in an effort to develop a new functional material. The MMCs were processed by a spray atomization and deposition technique. The damping capacity, as well as the relative dynamic modulus, was measured at frequencies of 1and 4 Hz in the 30 to 200℃ temperature range. There exists a transformation point at 55℃in the internal friction and temperature spectrum of the MMCs. It is shown from microstructural analysis that the damping capacity of ZA27 can be significantly improved by the addition of graphites particulates through spray deposition processing. Finally, the operative damping mechanism is discussed in light of the data obtained from characterization of microstructure and damping capacity.     

The Performance of Zinc Alloy Based Metal Matrix Composites Produced Through Squeeze Casting

Zinc-aluminum cast alloys (ZA alloys) have good castability, mechanical properties and excellent tribological characteristics. Of all the ZA alloys, ZA-27 (containing 27% aluminum) has the highest strength and optimum wear resistance. However all the ZA alloys, including ZA-27, suffer from lack of creep resistance and high temperature stability. One probable solution to improve these properties is to reinforce the alloys with ceramic particles or fibers to result in metal matrix composites (MMCs). MMCs can be economically produced through squeeze casting which involves infiltration. This paper presents the salient features of an experimental study on ZA-27 alloy based MMCs produced through Squeeze Casting.     

喷雾共沉积SiC 增强锌基复合材料的阻尼特征

在ZA 27 合金中添加重量分数为5%Si 并采用喷雾共沉积技术制备了SiC 体积分数为 10% 的锌基复合材料。采用多功能、声频内耗仪对材料的低高频内耗行为进行了测量。结果发现, 较之常规铸造ZA 27 合金, 在测试温度、频率范围内, 材料的阻尼能力均有较大幅度的提高; 挤压后 材料的阻尼能力进一步提高。在材料微观组织形貌分析的基础上, 根据Schoeck 理论分析了材料 的主要内耗机制。      

冷轧变形对TiNi合金阻尼特性的影响

为了探讨冷轧变形对TiNi合金阻尼特性的影响,及TiNi合金马氏体的阻尼特性与组织结构之间的关系,采用示差扫描量热分析、透射电镜分析、动态机械分析和音频阻尼测试方法,系统研究了冷轧变形后Ti50Ni50合金马氏体的阻尼特性.研究结果表明:低频和音频时,Ti50Ni50合金马氏体的阻尼值随着冷轧变形量的增加呈现先增加而后降低的趋势,且音频时热马氏体和冷轧变形后马氏体的阻尼值较低频时的阻尼值均有大幅度地下降;冷轧后马氏体的高阻尼不仅与界面运动有关,也与马氏体中的缺陷有关.     

原位生成TiB2/ZA27复合材料的制备与性能

以Al熔液为载体,采用原位反应生成形状规则、尺寸细小的TiB₂颗粒相,再将TiB₂颗粒传递到ZA27合金中,形成TiB₂颗粒增强的ZA27复合材料。采用合理的熔炼工艺促进了TiB₂颗粒在基体中的均匀分布。实验结果显示,TiB₂颗粒在ZA27复合材料中,分布均匀,平均直径在3 μm以下。TiB₂颗粒的加入使得复合材料的晶粒明显细化,并随着TiB₂颗粒含量增加,复合材料的抗拉强度、硬度明显提高,2.1%TiB₂/ZA27复合材料与基体合金相比室温抗拉强度提高13%、布氏硬度提高21%,弹性模量也有所提高,在强度、硬度及弹性模量提高的同时,材料的塑性并未恶化,延伸率略有提高,另外,材料的热膨胀系数随着TiB₂颗粒的加入有所降低。     

Density of Liquid Ni-Mo Alloys Measured by a Modified Sessile Drop Method

The density of liquid binary Ni-Mo alloys with molybdenum concentration from 0 to 20% (mass fraction) wasmeasured by a modified sessile drop method. It has been found that the density of the liquid Ni-Mo alloys decreaseswith increasing temperature, but increases with the increase of molybdenum concentration in the alloys. The molarvolume of liquid Ni-Mo binary alloys increases with the increase of temperature and molybdenum concentration. Thepartial molar volume of molybdenum in Ni-Mo binary alloy has been approximately calculated as [13.18-2.65×10~(-3)T+(-47.94+3.10×10~(-2)T)×10~(-2)X_(Mo)]×10~(-6)m~3·mol~(-1). The molar volume of Ni-Mo alloy determined inthe present work shows a negative deviation from the ideal linear mixing molar volume.