AutoCAD中断面图的自动绘制

鉴于在AutoCAD环境下没有直接绘制断面图图形及标注其尺寸的功能，本文利用其内嵌AutoLISP语言设计开发了符合国标要求的轴类零件中带键槽或圆柱孔的断面图绘制与标注尺寸应用程序。应用该程序，实现了依据轴类零件模型完成断面图的自动绘制；并且，在标注尺寸时也不必再通过查手册的方法获得偏差数值，改善了绘图功能，提高了绘图效率。     

基于ARX的轴断面图参数化绘制的实现方法

在AutoCAD2000环境下,利用Visual C 6.0,开发了一个轴类零件键槽处断面图参数化绘制的ARX应用程序.论述了程序的功能、设计思想和程序结构.阐述了数据库的访问、键槽四顶点坐标值的计算、断面图绘图比例的确定、断面图中圆弧的生成方法、剖面线的添加等若干关键技术.该程序已用于某厂实践,大大减少了设计人员的重复性劳动,提高了设计和绘图的效率.     

AutoCAD沉孔自动标注的ARX二次开发

针对在AutoCAD2000中没有直接标注沉孔的命令这一不足，利用Visual C 6．0，在AutoCAD2000环境下，开发了一个沉孔自动标注的ARX应用程序。论述了编程原理，并对标注指引线的生成、沉孔直径和深度的获取、沉孔标注文本的生成与插入等关键问题进行了讨论。给出了标注实例。该技术已用于机械设计CAD系统中。     

AutoCAD倒角国标标注的ARX二次开发

针对在AutoCAD2000中没有直接标注倒角的命令这一不足，利用VisualC 6．0，在AutoCAD2000环境下，开发了一个倒角国标标注的ARX应用程序。论述了编程要求和编程原理，并对倒角线方向的判断、倒角距离的计算、倒角标注指引线的生成、倒角标注文本的插入等编程中的关键问题进行了讨论。给出了标注实例。该技术已用于为某厂开发的模具设计CAD系统中。     

压铸模常用部件的参数化设计

以Visual Basic 6.0语言为开发工具,对AutoCAD 2000进行二次开发.以模具的导柱、导套为对象进行参数化设计,编制零件的自动生成系统.只要用户提供零件的主要参数,系统就会自动算出结构尺寸;确定点击连接CAD启动程序,则AutoCAD 2000自动绘制出零件图,并确定图层和颜色,调用绘图线型及标注零件尺寸.     

工程图幅、粗糙度及形位公差标注的参数化生成

主要介绍了基于AutoCAD平台进行二次开发，实现工程图幅、粗糙度和形位公差标注的参数化生成，以及定制按钮工具栏和程序自动加载的方法。     

集成块CAD系统的剖视图生成和自动标注技术研究

研究了液压集成块CAD系统中二维工程图的剖视图生成和自动标注技术.根据图形技术的坐标变换和投影理论,利用编程技术中函数驱动的方法,探讨了集成块各向视图的自动标注和剖面图的自动生成方法,并利用VB语言编制了相应的程序进行实现.该技术的实现对液压集成块CAD系统的开发具有一定的现实意义.     

工程图中基准代号自动标注的ARX二次开发

针对在AutoCAD2000中标注位置公差时,没有直接标注基准代号的命令这一不足,利用Visual C 6.0,在AutoCAD2000环境下,开发了一个基准代号自动标注的ARX应用程序.论述了编程原理,并对基准代号的生成、基准符号方向的判定、字母的插入等关键问题进行了讨论.给出了标注实例.该技术已用于某机械设计CAD系统中.     

塑料模具结构零件尺寸公差查询和标注系统的研制

针对注塑成形模具行业的模具零件设计和公差标注的需求，用Visual-LISP语言编制开发了模具专用的公差查询和标注的软件系统，实现了AutoCAD2000系统中模具结构零件尺寸公差的自动查询、标注，同时可以支持用户自定义专用公差数值，实现模具零件尺寸公差的快速查询和标注。     

基于AutoCAD2000的数控车床图形自动编程

根据数控车床加工的特点，以AutoCAD 2000为开发平台，利用AutoLISP编写了图形自动生成NC代码的程序，可直接生成ISONC代码，提高了编程效率。     

Development of a virtual machining system, part 3: cutting process simulation in transient cuts

In Parts 1 and 2 of this three-part paper, a mechanistic cutting force model was developed and machined surface errors for steady cuts under fixed cutting conditions were predicted. The virtual machining system aims to simulate and analyze the machining and the machined states in a general flat end-milling process. This frequently involves transient as well as steady cuts. Therefore, a method for simulating the cutting process of transient cuts needs to be developed to realize the virtual machining system concept. For this purpose, this paper presents a moving edge-node (ME) Z-map model for the cutting configuration calculation. The simulation results of four representative transient cuts in two-dimensional pocket milling and an application of off-line feed-rate scheduling are also given.

In transient cuts, the cutting configurations that are used to predict the cutting force vary during the machining operation. The cutting force model (Part 1) and surface error prediction method (Part 2) were developed for steady cuts; these are extended to transient situations using the ME Z-map model to calculate the varying cutting configurations efficiently. The cutting force and surface errors are then predicted. To validate the feasibility of the proposed scheme, the measured and predicted cutting forces for transient test cuts were compared. The predicted surface error maps for transient cuts were constructed using a computer simulation. Also, off-line feed-rate scheduling is shown to be more accurately performed by applying the instantaneous cutting coefficients that were defined in Part I.     

Simulation of the process of heating of cylindrical glass fiber plastics by methods of exposure to radiation

The proposed model allows analyzing the process of heating of cylindrical glass fiber plastics KT-11-TOA with the application of energy of accelerated electrons. It is found that the model facilitates selection of the optimum temperature and cuts the running time of experiments.     

Laser Cutting of Kevlar and Mild Steel Composite Structure: End Product Quality Assessment

In the present study laser cutting of composite structure, consisting of Kevlar laminate at the top and mild steel sheet at the bottom, is considered. The end product quality is assessed using the thermal cutting standards. To compare the end product quality of composite structure cuts, Kevlar laminate and mild steel sheet are cut using the same cutting parameters. The kerf widths for Kevlar laminate and mild steel sheet cuts are predicted from the analytical formulation based on the lump parameter analysis. It is found that the end product quality of composite structure cuts is lower than that corresponding to Kevlar laminate and mild steel sheet cuts.     

用成组技术生产焊管的可行性分析

从理论和实践方面论证了成组技术在高频直缝焊管生产中应用的必然性、可行性。在成型和定径时运用成组技术，可用一套开口孔型辊、定径辊生产一组外径相近的焊管。这样，不仅可以简化生产技术准备工作，而且可以降低生产成本。     

Estimation of the probability of hydrogen embrittlement of steel pipelines in the operation zones of cathodic stations

A procedure for determination of the probability of hydrogen embrittlement of steel pipes was described. The experience of the application of hydrogen sensors in selected sections of the Tyumentransgaz and Mostransgaz gas mains was generalized.     

Thermophysical properties of liquid Co–Cu–Ni alloys

Abstract

Within the Coolcop project, funded by ESA, the thermophysical properties of selected liquid Cu–Co–Ni alloys were investigated. Using the new high-temperature oscillating cup viscometer at DLR, the viscosity of this alloy along two perpendicular cuts in the ternary phase diagram was measured as a function of temperature. Along the same cuts also surface tension and density were determined by using electromagnetic levitation and image processing.     

中厚板物料在线循环跟踪控制方法研究和应用

针对中厚板生产物料跟踪存在跟踪数据和信息丢失、跟踪发生混乱的问题,提出了一种物料在线循环跟踪控制方法。其将轧钢生产线划分成若干个区段,所有区段首尾相连,形成一个跟踪大循环。在这个跟踪大循环里,对物料的头尾位置进行周期循环监测,实时计算处于对应区段内的物料头部位置和尾部位置,独立地完成物料跟踪过程。在首钢3 500 mm中厚板生产线进行了现场应用,该方法完全可以满足现场物料在线微跟踪的位置精度要求。     

Investigation on disk and CO2 laser beam fusion cutting differences based on power balance equation

In this work the calculation of the process temperatures in fusion cutting was carried out based on the power balance approach. Cutting experiments with CO₂ and disk lasers were performed on 1, 5 and 8 mm thick cold work tool steel sheets. The experimental, numerical and analytical evaluation of the single terms of the power balance equation allowed the explanation of the observed cut quality differences between disk and CO₂ laser cuts. Lower process temperatures calculated by a power balance equation for disk laser cuts lead to the increase of viscosity of molten material. The subsequent increase in difficulty for ejection of the molten material from the cut kerf explains the worse cut quality if compared with CO₂ laser cuts. Experimental evidence and theoretical calculations showed that the additional physical mechanisms like plasma formation should be considered in the overall power balance under particular cutting conditions.     

Complexity measure of motor current signals for tool flute breakage detection in end milling

Automated tool condition monitoring is an important issue in the advanced machining process. Permutation entropy of a time series is a simple, robust and extremely fast complexity measure method for distinguishing the different conditions of a physical system. In this study, the permutation entropy of feed-motor current signals in end milling was applied to detect tool breakage. The detection method is composed of the estimation of permutation entropy and wavelet-based de-noising. To confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the method, typical experiments have been performed from the cutter runout and entry/exit cuts to cutting parameters variation. Results showed that the new method could successfully extract significant signature from the feed-motor current signals to effectively detect tool flute breakage during end milling. Whilst, this detection method was based on current sensors, so it possesses excellent potential for practical and real-time application at a low cost by comparison with the alternative sensors.     

在线淬火工艺对6005A合金挤压型材组织与性能的影响

采用正交试验和模拟试验的方法, 研究了在线淬火方式、淬火冷却速度及淬火延迟时间对6005A铝合金空心型材组织和性能的影响. 结果表明 提高在线淬火冷却强度比提高挤压温度和挤压速度对改善型材性能的效果更明显, 型材强度随淬火冷却速度的增大明显提高, 而延伸率并无明显降低; 在线精密水雾淬火可使型材性能满足车辆型材使用要求; 缩短在线淬火前型材在室温环境下的停留时间, 可以显著提高型材强度性能.