氧化木薯淀粉与丙烯酸丁酯/醋酸乙烯酯的接枝共聚反应研究

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,以氧化后的木薯淀粉为接枝骨架,制备了氧化淀粉-丙烯酸丁酯-醋酸乙烯酯接枝共聚物.考察了氧化剂浓度对黏度及引发剂浓度、单体浓度、反应温度和反应时间对接枝率、接枝效率的影响.实验结果表明,在氧化剂浓度为0.04mol/L,引发剂浓度为9×10-3mol/L,单体浓度为1.0mol/L,反应温度为65℃,反应3h时,反应体系的接枝率和接枝效率较高.通过红外光谱对接枝共聚物进行了结构表征.     

纸包装材料用淀粉/丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物制备工艺的研究

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,研究了纸包装材料用淀粉/丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物制备工艺,对引发剂浓度、反应温度、单体浓度、反应时间、糊化温度等反应条件进行了考察。结果表明,制备的最佳工艺条件为:糊化温度80℃,单体浓度0.7mol/L,引发剂浓度2.19mmoL/L,反应温度60℃,反应时间3h,单体和引发剂分两次投加。     

淀粉与乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸乙酯的合成与应用研究

以玉米淀粉为接枝骨架,过硫酸铵为引发剂,丙烯酸乙酯(EA)和乙酸乙烯酯(VAc)为接枝单体,进行接枝共聚,制备淀粉基木材胶粘剂.研究了反应时间、反应温度、引发剂用量以及两单体配比对淀粉与丙烯酸乙酯-乙酸乙烯酯接枝共聚反应的影响.结果表明,当引发荆浓度9.7×10-3mol/L、反应温度65℃、反应时间3h、VAc和EA体积比为6:4时,可得到较高的接枝效率和接枝率.     

淀粉与丙烯酸乙酯接枝共聚物的合成与表征

以硝酸铈铵(CAN)为引发剂,研究了丙烯酸乙酯(EA)与玉米淀粉接枝共聚体系的自由基引发反应规律.实验结果得到较佳的反应条件为:单体浓度1.4939mol/L,引发剂浓度0.0293mol/L,AGU浓度1.1075mol/L,硝酸浓度0.02 mol/L,反应温度50℃,反应时间3h.在以上的反应条件下,转化率(C)可达98.64％,接枝率(G)可达34.92％,接枝效率(GE)可达74.55％.通过对接枝共聚产物的红外分析、核磁共振波谱分析、DSC分析及电镜扫描分析对产物进行了表征.结果表明,EA与淀粉发生了接枝共聚反应.     

丙烯酸丁酯与土豆淀粉接枝共聚反应规律研究

本文以硝酸铈铵为引发剂,研究了丙烯酸丁酯与土豆淀粉接枝共聚的反应规律。实验结果表明,反应温度为55℃,反应时间为3h,单体浓度为1.105mol/l,引发剂浓度为8.80mmol/l时,接枝率较高。并对该反应机理进行了探讨。     

淀粉丙烯酰胺反相乳液体系的稳定性及接枝共聚反应

以Span80和Tween80为复合乳化剂,制备了稳定的W/O型淀粉丙烯酰胺反相乳液。探讨了乳化剂HLB值、油水比、乳化剂用量对乳液类型及稳定性的影响,得到最佳配方:乳化剂HLB值6.49、油水比1∶1、乳化剂用量3%。在此反相乳液体系中,成功进行了淀粉丙烯酰胺接枝共聚反应,通过正交实验得到最佳工艺条件为反应温度50℃、反应时间2 h、引发剂浓度0.0175 mol/L、单体与淀粉质量比1.5。在此实验条件下合成的淀粉丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物之聚合率和接枝效率分别可达95.46%和95.10%以上。     

酶解淀粉与醋酸乙烯酯的接枝共聚反应

研究了以α-淀粉酶为降解剂的酶解淀粉与醋酸乙烯酯接枝共聚反应,利用傅立叶红外谱图及核磁共振谱图进行表征,验证了该反应的发生。探讨了淀粉与醋酸乙烯酯在1∶1的条件下α-淀粉酶、引发剂、乳化剂、反应温度、反应时间等因素对固含量和接枝参数的影响,实验结果表明当淀粉酶用量为625ppm,引发剂用量为1.0%(占淀粉干基质量),乳化剂添加量为3.75%(占淀粉干基质量),反应温度为70℃,反应时间为3.5h时,反应条件最佳。     

SEBS-丙烯酸接枝共聚物的合成与结构分析

以过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂，在甲苯溶液中进行丙烯酸(AA)接枝SEBS树脂。经红外光谱和光电子能谱(ESCA)分析表明，丙烯酸已接枝到SEBS树脂上。研究了反应温度、反应时间、单体浓度、引发剂浓度等因素对单体转化率、接枝聚合物接枝率、单体接枝效率等的影响。根据实验结果，接枝反应的适宜条件：温度为90℃，引发剂用量为聚合物的10％，丙烯酸用量为5mL，时间6h～8h。     

蔗渣木聚糖没食子酸酯-g-LME/AA/AM复合功能性衍生物的合成与表征

以蔗渣木聚糖为主要原料,没食子酸为酯化剂,在丙酮溶剂中合成蔗渣木聚糖没食子酸酯。然后在交联剂N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和引发剂过硫酸铵作用下,引发抗坏血酸(LME)、丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)与蔗渣木聚糖没食子酸酯发生接枝共聚反应,合成了蔗渣木聚糖没食子酸酯-g-LME/AA/AM复合功能性衍生物。考察了接枝共聚反应时间、反应温度、引发剂浓度、蔗渣木聚糖没食子酸酯与混合单体质量比对接枝率(G)、接枝效率(GE)的影响。确定了适宜的接枝共聚反应条件:反应时间5h,反应温度45℃,引发剂浓度0.008mol/L,m(蔗渣木聚糖没食子酸酯)∶m(混合单体)=1∶2。在该反应条件下,G可达31.02%,GE可达76%。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪对蔗渣木聚糖和产物的结构进行了表征。     

丙烯酰胺与熔喷聚丙烯非织造布的接枝共聚研究

本实验以熔喷聚丙烯非织造布为基材、KMnO4为引发剂、丙烯酰胺为单体,通过正交实验得到影响反应的优化条件;然后又讨论了各单因素条件对接枝共聚反应的影响变化规律;并对接枝产物的结构及润湿性能进行了分析.结果表明:接枝物的润湿性能明显改善,并且当KMnO4浓度为10*10-3mol/L、H2SO4浓度为0.3mol/L、预处理温度为50℃、单体浓度为0.4mol/L、接枝反应温度为50℃时接枝效果最好.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.