环保低毒脲醛树脂的合成

研究了三聚氰胺和聚乙烯醇改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂的制备工艺和配方。甲醛／尿素物质的量比为13：1,在反应温度为90℃,pH为5.5,三聚氰胺和聚乙烯醇添加量为尿素质量的2％,尿素按70：25：5比例分三次加入,制备出环保型脲醛树脂。结果表明,uF树脂的剪切强度可达278MPa,游离甲醛质量分数为0．030％,耐沸水时间为95min。     

环保型脲醛树脂胶粘剂的合成研究——三聚氰胺聚乙烯醇改性UF胶

介绍了三聚氰胺,聚乙烯醇(PVA)在脲醛树脂胶粘剂(UF胶)合成过程中所起的改性作用,研究了甲醛与尿素的摩尔比、PVA和三聚氰胺用量以及加料顺序、反应温度、pH值、反应时间对脲醛树脂胶性能的影响。结果表明,甲醛与尿素的摩尔比为1.4∶1,PVA和三聚氰胺的用量分别为尿素总量的1.5%和4%时,合成的脲醛树脂胶粘剂综合性能良好,游离甲醛含量低,达到了绿色环保的要求。     

环保型脲醛树脂合成方法的研究

采用降低甲醛/尿素物质的量比、加入改性剂、改进合成工艺等3种途径优化了脲醛树脂的合成方法。实验结果表明:以甲醛和尿素为单体,添加适量的聚乙烯醇和三聚氰胺改性剂,甲醛和尿素最佳物质的量比为1.5∶1,尿素分3次投料,调节pH值为5.5,反应温度控制在85~90℃左右,反应时间60 min,可制得综合性能较好的低毒耐水脲醛树脂。胶液中的游离甲醛质量分数降至0.026%,固含量>55%,粘度为120~150 s,剪切强度可达2.02 MPa且耐沸水时间可达122 min。产品质量达到国家规定指标。     

低毒脲醛树脂胶的合成及胶液中游离甲醛的测定

探讨了改性剂对降低游离甲醛含量、改善胶粘剂性能的作用机理,研究了三聚氰胺、聚乙烯醇（PVA）改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂（UF胶）的制备工艺和配方,实验得出：采用弱碱-弱酸-弱碱的工艺,添加适量三聚氰胺和聚乙烯醇,反应最高温度控制在90℃,反应时间2~3 h,n（尿素）∶n（甲醛）=1∶1.4,尿素按7.0∶2.0∶1.0的质量比分3次投料,可制得低毒脲醛树脂胶粘剂。     

人造板用胶粘剂的发展趋势

2000年世界人造板的产量为1.54亿m3,耗用370万t胶粘剂。人造板工业使用的三大胶是脲醛树脂胶、酚醛树脂胶和三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂胶。脲醛树脂胶作为主要品种,用量超过250万t/a,降低树脂制备中甲醛/尿素的物料配比、添加甲醛捕集剂是减少甲醛释放量的有效方法,但需引入耐水性物质改善树脂的耐水性;以尿素代替部分三聚氰胺制备三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂,可降低树脂的成本,但要达到较好的耐老化性,三聚氰胺和尿素的比例应大于40:60;提高固化速度、降低固化温度是酚醛树脂的发展趋势,引入金属离子、提高碱性、提高聚合度和外加固化促进剂是主要途径。低毒、优质的木材胶粘剂将越来越受到关注。     

三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂工艺条件对体系游离甲醛含量的影响研究

本文采用"弱碱-弱酸-弱碱"工艺,以三聚氰胺为改性剂,制备了脲醛树脂胶粘剂,考察了甲醛与尿素摩尔比、出料p H值、三聚氰胺用量、尿素投料次数对UF树脂胶粘剂中游离甲醛含量的影响。结果表明,当U/F摩尔比为1.2、三聚氰胺改性剂用量2.5%、尿素分3批次投料时,合成的UF稳定性最好,UF中游离甲醛的含量为0.14%。     

环保型脲醛树脂胶粘剂的合成

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)、三聚氰胺为改性剂,采用单因素试验法优选出制备低n(甲醛):n(尿素)比例的环保型脲醛树脂(UF)胶粘剂的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:当n(甲醛):n(尿素)=1.14:1、w(三聚氰胺)=19%、w(PVA)=1.7%(相对于尿素质量而言)、反应温度为88～90℃和反应时间为3 h左右时,制成的UF胶粘剂具有良好的综合性能;由该胶粘剂生产的人造板,其甲醛释放量达到E1级标准要求。     

E_0级中密度纤维板用低成本三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂的研制

以n(甲醛)∶n(尿素)比例、三聚氰胺用量[相对于改性UF(脲醛树脂)胶粘剂质量而言]作为影响因素,中密度纤维板(MDF)的力学性能和甲醛释放量等为考核指标,采用单因素试验法优选出制备三聚氰胺改性UF胶粘剂的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:该制备方法不添加任何助剂,其最佳工艺条件为n(甲醛)∶n(尿素)=0.95∶1和w(三聚氰胺)=5%;由该胶粘剂压制而成的MDF经穿孔法检测后,其理化性能合格、甲醛释放量低于5 mg/100 g。     

改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂合成的研究

研究了聚乙烯醇改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂的制备工艺和配方。实验得出：添加适量聚乙烯醇改性剂,甲醛和尿素的最佳物质的量的比为1．5：1,尿素分3次投料,反应温度控制在100℃左右,反应时问60min,可制得综合性能较好的低毒耐水脲醛树脂胶粘剂。产品质量稳定,固含量〉55％,粘度=120～150s,产品质量达到国家规定的指标。     

淀粉基脲醛树脂胶粘剂耐水性研究

采用甲醛与尿素缩合反应制备脲醛树脂,再与一定比例的淀粉和固化剂通过热压工艺出胶得到淀粉基脲醛树脂胶粘剂,并加入少量二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯和适量的氯化亚砜进行改性。研究结果表明:合成产物与预期试验目标相同;淀粉含量为4%时淀粉基脲醛树脂胶粘剂的耐水性较好;甲醛/尿素物质的量比增大会使得脲醛树脂的水解程度增加,当n(甲醛)∶n(尿素)=1.1∶1时胶膜的耐水性表现良好;改性后的淀粉基脲醛树脂胶粘剂性能良好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。