Mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of cold-deformed high-nitrogen nickelfree austenitic stainless steel during annealing

The mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of cold-deformed CrMnN austenitic stainless steel annealed in a temperature ranging from 50 ℃ to 650 ℃ for 90 min and at 550 ℃ for different time were investigated by tensile test, micro hardness test, and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The steel was strengthened when it got annealed at temperatures ranging from 100 ℃ to 550 ℃, while it was softened when it got annealed at temperatures ranging from 550 ℃ to 650 ℃. Annealing temperature had stronger effect on mechanical properties than annealing time. TEM observations showed that nano-sized precipitates formed when the steel was annealed at 150 ℃ for 90 min, but the size and density of precipitates had no noticeable change with annealing temperature and time. Recrystallization occurred when the steel was annealed at temperatures above 550 ℃ for 90 min, and its scale increased with annealing temperature. Nano-sized annealing twins were observed. The mechanisms that controlled the mechanical behaviors of the steel were discussed.     

7．9Mn－1．4Si－0．07C钢高强韧机理研究

通过热轧、温轧、奥氏体化、两相区退火处理得到7．9Mn－1．4Si－0．07C钢板,该材料的拉伸强度及塑性随奥氏体化温度不同而具有显著差异．奥氏体化温度降低,室温下奥氏体含量升高,综合力学性能提高．当奥氏体化温度由900℃降低为800℃时,所得到钢板的奥氏体体积分数由15％增加到28％,拉伸强度由1150MPa提高到1340MPa,塑性由21％提高至27％．实验钢优异的力学性能源于其中大量的超细铁素体及奥氏体,细晶强化使其具有超高强度,铁素体基体及变形过程中奥氏体向马氏体相变提供了良好的塑性．基体组织中的位错强化,形变诱导马氏体转变的TRIP效应等是增强该钢板加工硬化能力的主要因素．     

Effects of cryogenic treatment on mechanical properties of extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zr（Mn） alloys

The influence of cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of the extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zr（Mn） alloys was investigated by the tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）. The results show that the mechanical properties of both alloys are improved greatly during the in situ tensile test by soaking the samples in liquid nitrogen for 10 min. The ultimate tensile strength, yield tensile strength and elongation of cryogenic treated magnesium alloy added with zirconium or manganese are largely elevated. And remarkable microstructure change is observed in both alloys by cryogenic treatment. There are a large number of twins, rod-like, tree-like and chrysanthemum-like precipitated phases in the microstructures and the fracture surfaces exhibit the characteristics of ductile rupture when they are observed at room temperature.     

Effects of annealing on microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties of AlCrCuFeMnTi high entropy alloy

The multi-component A1CrCuFeMnTi high entropy alloy was prepared using a vacuum arc melting process. Serial annealing processes were subsequently performed at 590 ℃, 750 ℃, 955 ℃ and 1 100 ℃ respectively with a holding time of 4 h at each temperature. The effects of annealing on microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties of as-cast alloy were investigated by using differential thermal analysis （DTA）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The experimental results show that two C14 hexagonal structures remain unchanged after annealing the as-cast A1CrCuFeMnTi alloy specimens being heated to 1 100℃. Both annealed and as-cast microstructures show typical cast-dendrite morphology and similar elemental segregation. The hardness of alloys declines as the annealing temperature increases while the strength of as-cast alloy improves obviously by the annealing treatment. The electrical conductivities of annealed and as-cast alloys are influenced by the distribution of interdendrite re~ions which is rich in Cu element.     

回火温度对25SiMnNi2CrMo钢组织和性能的影响

为提高钎具产品的性能和使用寿命,采用OM、TEM、冲击和拉伸试验,研究了正火后不同回火温度对25SiMnNi2CrMo钢组织与力学性能的影响．结果表明,25SiMnNi2CrMo钢920℃正火后不同温度回火,随着回火温度的提高,材料的硬度和抗拉强度呈逐渐下降的趋势,冲击韧度值呈先升高后降低、复又升高的变化趋势,300℃回火后冲击韧度出现峰值,450℃回火出现回火脆性．试验材料在300℃回火后,具有最佳的强韧性配合,具体性能为：抗拉强度σb1391MPa、硬度HRC40、冲击韧性AKV72．5 J．300℃以下回火的组织为回火马氏体＋贝氏体＋残余奥氏体;超过350℃回火,残余奥氏体开始发生分解,组织中有碳化物析出,随回火温度提高,碳化物有聚集和球化趋势．提出了25SiMnNi2CrMo钢最佳回火热处理工艺．     

Microstructural evolution and tensile properties of low-carbon steel with martensitic microstructure during warm deforming and annealing

For preparing large-scale nano-grained and ultrafine-grained steel sheets by warm rolling and annealing,the effects of de- forming temperature on both the flow stress and the microstructure evolution of 09MnNiD steel with lath martensitic microstructure were studied by warm-compression test and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)observation.Thereafter,the steel with the lath martensitic structure was multi-pass warm-rolled and then annealed.TEM results indicate that nano-grained and ultrafine-grained steel sheets are formed by warm rolling at 400℃and annealing at 400-600℃.In comparison with the as-warm-rolled specimen,the tensile strength at room temperature changes a little when the rolled samples are annealed below 450℃,and the tensile strength is greatly lowered as the annealing temperature increases to above 550℃.     

含W的Cr15型超级马氏体不锈钢组织性能分析

采用全自动热膨胀相变仪、光学显微镜、透射电镜、高分辨电镜及能谱分析和力学万能试验机等手段,研究含W的Cr15型超级马氏体不锈钢经淬火+回火后的微观组织和力学性能.结果表明,淬火+回火后的微观组织为回火马氏体及分布在马氏体基体中的逆变奥氏体两相组织,形成的逆变奥氏体与马氏体板条符合K-S关系.在基体上弥散析出的纳米级金属化合物Laves相以及富铜相ε-Cu起到强化作用.该钢具有优良的力学性能,洛氏硬度为26～36,抗拉强度为895～1 009 MPa,延伸率为17%～21%.     

轧制对真空压铸AM50薄板组织与性能的影响

为研究真空压铸态AM50镁合金薄板在不同轧制变形量下组织和力学性能的变化,利用小型轧机对该合金进行多道次轧制,并进行了微观组织观察和室温拉伸性能测试.结果表明：该镁合金在常温下可进行多道次的轧制,但每道次之间要进行310℃×10min的退火处理,总变形量可达到45%;随总变形量的增加,轧制流线逐渐形成,晶粒变形成长条状,平均尺寸逐渐变小;变形量为40%时,沿轧制方向晶粒大约为2~4μm,轧制延展方向晶粒大约为5~10μm;随变形量的增大,材料的强度和塑性均在增加,而在总变形量达到40%时,材料的强度和塑性达到极值,屈服强度为282MPa,抗拉强度为329MPa,伸长率为8.8%.     

Influences of 2.5wt% Mn addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys

The influences of 2.5wt%Mn addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Cu-11.9wt%Al-3.8wt%Ni shape memory alloy(SMA) were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and differential scanning calorimeter(DSC).The experimental results show that Mn addition influences considerably the austenite-martensite transformation temperatures and the kind of martensite in the Cu-Al-Ni alloy.The martensitic transformation changes from a mixedβ_1→β'_1...     

23.8%Mn TRIP/TWIP钢的组织性能及强化机制

研究了锰含量（质量分数）为23.8%的低碳高锰钢的力学行为和组织演变,并对其强化机制进行了探讨.结果表明：23.8%Mn TRIP/TWIP钢的屈服强度约为300 MPa,抗拉强度可达610 MPa,断裂延伸率可达到63%.实验钢拉伸变形呈连续屈服,其应变硬化指数n值约为0.48.该钢在变形初期的强化机制以应变诱发孪生为主,变形后期出现应变诱发马氏体相变.位错与形变孪晶、马氏体之间的相互作用也对强度的增加做出贡献.     

Effect of fast cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon high-strength steel annealed in the intercritical region

The effect of fast cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon high-strength steel annealed in the intercritical region was investigated using a Gleeble 1500 thermomechanical simulator and a continuous annealing thermomechanical simulator. The results showed that the microstructure consisted of ferrite and bainite as the main phases with a small amount of retained austenite and martensite islands at cooling rate of 5 and 50 ℃/s, respectively. Fast cooling after continuous annealing affected all constituents of the microstructure. The mechanical properties were improved considerably. Ultimate tensile strength(UTS) increased and total elongation(TEL) decreased with increasing cooling rate in all specimens. The specimen 1 at a cooling rate of 5 ℃/s exhibited the maximum TEL and UTS×TEL(20% and 27 200 MPa%, respectively) because of the competition between weakening by presence of the retained austenite plus the carbon indigence by carbide precipitation, and strengthening by martensitic islands and precipitation. The maximum UTS and YS(1 450 and 951 MPa, respectively) were obtained for specimen 2 at a cooling rate of 50 ℃/s. This is attributed to the effect of dispersion strengthening of fi ner martensite islands and the effect of precipitation strengthening of carbide precipitates.     

冷轧TRB薄板的连续退火工艺试验研究

为了探索连续退火工艺对TRB板组织与性能的影响,在实验室采用四辊可逆式冷轧机进行单厚度过渡区TRB板轧制,对轧制的DP590双相钢和22Mn B5热成形钢TRB薄板进行模拟连续退火试验,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜,以及拉伸和硬度试验方法研究钢板退火后各厚度区的组织与力学性能差别.研究表明:TRB板变厚度区的最大厚度偏差为0.03 mm,长度误差1.0 mm.TRB板在连续退火的冷却段和过时效段,其薄区温度较过渡区和厚区的温度偏低57~20℃,导致DP590钢板薄区的抗拉强度和伸长率较高,屈服强度与厚区的相当,而22Mn B5钢TRB板的屈服与抗拉强度偏高.在TRB板的变厚度区内维氏硬度波动较小.根据厚区的厚度来制定冷轧DP590双相钢TRB薄板的连续退火工艺,将更有利于保证钢板的组织与力学性能,对22Mn B5热成形钢TRB薄板建议采用罩式退火.     

65Mn钢大塑性变形后的组织与力学性能

在650℃下对65Mn钢进行了C方式的等径弯曲通道变形(Equal Channel AngularPressing,简称ECAP)研究。重复挤压时试样沿轴线旋转180°再装入模具。通过光学及透射显微镜研究发现:ECAP变形后65Mn钢的累积等效真应变达到5左右,片层状的珠光体组织演变成了超细的渗碳体颗粒均匀分布于亚微晶铁素体基体组织中;变形5道次后铁素体基体为均匀的等轴晶,平均晶粒尺寸约为0.3μm。65Mn钢经ECAP变形后,硬度明显提高。     

800 MPa级CSiMnNb与CSiMnCr系冷轧双相钢组织与性能

在实验室采用CCT-AY-Ⅱ连续退火模拟器研究不同退火温度条件下800 MPa级CSiMnCr与CSiMnNb系冷轧双相钢的力学性能,并对其显微组织进行分析.结果表明：在同一成分试验钢中,770℃退火较790℃退火时所获得的强度高;钢中添加少量的Nb细化了铁素体与岛状马氏体组织,并且岛状马氏体更纯净,屈强比低,加工硬化指数n值更高.     

退火处理对Ti-Zr-Cu-Be块体非晶合金力学性能的影响

采用铜模铸造法制备了直径为2mm的Ti55-xZr10+xBe27.5Cu7.5(x=0,10,20)块体非晶合金,并对其进行等温退火处理.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、差氏扫描量热仪(DSC)及压缩试验等方法研究了非晶合金的相结构、显微组织和热稳定性,以及退火处理对其力学性能的影响.结果表明:该系列合金在553 K及583 K下保温长达5 h时间内依然表现为非晶态.退火处理后,Ti35Zr30Be27.5Cu7.5合金屈服强度、断裂强度均提到了提高,其中在583 K下保温1 h后屈服强度、断裂强度分别达到了1 921、2 169 MPa;其塑性由处理前的3.47%提高到了6.57%.Ti45Zr20Be27.5Cu7.5合金在退火后其力学性能变化不明显.Ti55Zr10Be27.5Cu7.5合金随着退火温度及保温时间的增加其屈服强度、断裂强度及塑性均明显降低.     

形变温度对高锰T RI P／T WI P钢拉伸性能和组织的影响

研究合金成分为18 M n-0 .15C-3Si-3 Al的高锰T RIP/T W IP钢（18 M n钢）在 40 ～200oС 范围内的拉伸变形行为,分析形变温度对其拉伸性能、相组成和显微组织的影响. 采用EBSD取向成像分析方法着重研究了〈111〉取向的奥氏体晶粒在拉伸过程中的相组成变化. 结果表明,随着形变温度的升高,18 M n钢的抗拉强度和延伸率大体上呈降低趋势,T RIP效应很快消失,形变孪晶和位错滑移取代马氏体相变成为主要的形变机制,即奥氏体晶粒内形变机制的变化为：α’- M相变→ε- M相变→形变孪晶→位错滑移.18 M n钢中较硬的铁素体在形变过程中能提高材料的加工硬化率,但同时也会引起低温脆性     

Discussion on the heat treatment process of cold rolled Q345 steel in laboratory

A new kind of DP steel with about 40％ martensite in matrix was developed from cold rolled Q345steel by continuous annealing simulation.Microstructure and mechanical properties obtained by conventional ...     

轧制及退火工艺对301B不锈弹簧钢力学性能影响分析

针对高硬不锈钢用作弹簧时弹性不足、疲劳寿命短等问题,本文结合现场实际生产,以301B奥氏体不锈钢带为研究对象,通过轧制工艺和热处理工艺优化,对其进行了拉伸试验和硬度测试。结果表明,增加变形率,采用低轧制油温度和低轧制速度的轧制工艺,并在冷轧后进行一次400℃低温去应力退火,可以提高带材强度和硬度。同时也说明,适当的轧制工艺和热处理工艺可以改善不锈弹簧钢带的力学性能,从而提高弹簧的弹性极限和疲劳极限。     

Effect of continuous annealing parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructures of a cold rolled dual phase steel

A cold rolled dual phase (DP) steel with the C-Si-Mn alloy system was trial-produced in the laboratory,utilizing a Glee-ble-3800 thermal simulator. The effects of continuous annealing parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructures of the DP steel were investigated by mechanical testing and microstructure observation. The results show that soaking between 760 and 820°C for more than 80 s,rapid cooling at the rate of more than 30°C/s from the quenching temperature between 620 and 680°C,and overag...     

Hot deformation behavior of a Cr-containing low carbon steel in the ferrite range

A low carbon steel with Cr addition of 0.46wt% combined with trace elements of Mn and Ti was studied.The apparent activation energy of deformation and the hot deformation equation of the steel in the ferritic range were determined by means of single hot compression tests.The hot-rolled strip of 3 mm in thickness rolled in the ferritic range was obtained using a laboratory hot rolling mill.The mechanical properties show that the values of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength are 230 and 330 MPa,respe...