HIsmelt工艺熔融还原炉用耐火材料的抗侵蚀性研究

为促进HIsmelt工艺的进一步发展和应用，根据HIsmelt工艺熔融还原炉(SRV)的特点，利用静态坩埚法对比研究了SRV渣在1 500℃下对铬刚玉砖、微孔刚玉-莫来石砖、刚玉-莫来石砖、刚玉-尖晶石砖的侵蚀。结果表明：1)铬刚玉砖抗SRV渣渗透侵蚀能力最强，因为FeO与铬刚玉砖中的Al₂O₃和Cr₂O₃反应生成高熔点物，抑制炉渣的渗透和侵蚀。2)微孔刚玉-莫来石砖中镁铝尖晶石与钙铝黄长石的生成在侵蚀层形成保护层，阻止SRV渣的渗透侵蚀，在3种无铬材料中，表现出最优的抗侵蚀性。3)刚玉-莫来石砖中由于大量钙长石的形成产生的缝隙造成渣的不断渗入，使得熔渣对砖的侵蚀较严重。4)刚玉-尖晶石砖中原位生成粒径小、活性高的尖晶石晶粒，能有效吸收熔渣中的铁离子形成镁铝铁复合尖晶石，阻挡SRV渣的侵蚀。     

危废处置回转窑用典型耐火材料抗熔渣侵蚀性能研究

对比了危废处置回转窑用几种典型耐火材料铬锆刚玉50砖、铬锆刚玉30砖、铬刚玉砖、高铝砖、刚玉莫来石砖和铝铬碳化硅砖分别在1100和1300℃的抗熔渣侵蚀性能.结果表明:1)在1100℃侵蚀试验后,6组试样均表现出较好的抗侵蚀性能和抗渗透性能,试验后坩埚内都残留了大量熔渣.2)在1300℃侵蚀试验后,6组试样的熔渣侵蚀和...     

塑性相结合刚玉复合砖的高温性能

通过设定高炉使用条件 ,将塑性相结合刚玉复合砖与现在高炉使用的刚玉莫来石砖及棕刚玉碳化硅砖在同等实验条件下进行了高温性能的比较。结果表明 :塑性相结合刚玉复合砖的结构致密 ,高温抗折强度高 ;而且在高温还原气氛下 ,其基质中的Si可与C和N2 反应 ,生成具有良好抗炉渣、铁水和碱金属侵蚀能力的碳化物和氮化物 ,并填充表面的间隙 ,形成一个良好的防护层 ,因此其抗侵蚀性能优于棕刚玉碳化硅砖和刚玉莫来石砖。     

耐火材料抗碱蒸气侵蚀性研究

以高纯刚玉砖、刚玉-莫来石砖、莫来石砖、六铝酸钙砖、六铝酸钙-刚玉砖为研究对象,探究了5种耐火制品在1370和1500℃碱蒸气侵蚀下的反应状态及抗碱蒸气侵蚀机制.结果表明:1)在高温碱蒸气环境下,高纯刚玉砖无明显渣层,反应膨胀明显.2)刚玉-莫来石砖在1370℃时反应膨胀较为明显,1500℃时转变为熔蚀.3)1370℃...     

玄武岩纤维生产炉窑耐火材料侵蚀研究

以玄武岩纤维生产炉窑顶部加料口上部的刚玉莫来石砖和侧壁内衬高铬砖作为研究对象,采用XRD、XRF、SEM和EDX等分析方法,研究了玄武岩熔体对炉窑耐火材料的侵蚀行为,结果表明炉窑顶部的刚玉莫来石砖以50 mm/a侵蚀速率被侵蚀,刚玉莫来石砖内部的刚玉和莫来石晶粒与玄武岩反应生成低熔点的钙长石、橄榄石、铁尖晶石等物质,同时受到挥发分气流的物理性冲刷,导致刚玉莫来石砖耐侵蚀性能差;而炉窑内侧壁高铬砖耐侵蚀性较好,腐蚀速率为2. 5 mm/a,高铬砖与熔体接触区以化学反应结合物理磨损侵蚀方式为主,同时,Fe元素在高铬砖侵蚀过程中起着固溶-传质的作用,加速炉衬材料侵蚀。     

红土镍矿回转窑用低气孔莫来石砖的性能

以莫来石均质料、红柱石、α-氧化铝粉等为主要原料,通过引入不同比例的莫来石均质料制备低气孔莫来石砖。研究发现该砖具有气孔率低、常温耐压强度高以及良好的热震稳定性。以普通高铝砖和刚玉莫来石砖为对比,采用静态坩埚法研究了高温下低气孔莫来石砖的抗侵蚀性能,发现该砖具有优异的抗渣侵蚀能力,适用于红土镍矿回转窑过渡带。     

玻璃窑建设及修理用传统的及新型的耐火材料

介绍了博洛维奇耐火材料公司的发展史。该公司生产的供工业用的传统型耐火材料有：粘土砖、致密粘土砖、莫来石硅砖、莫来石砖、莫来石刚玉砖、刚玉砖。还介绍了高温隔热材料及高纯度镁尖晶石质耐火材料的生产工艺。所生产的不定形耐火材料有：增塑的硅酸铝火泥、高铝水泥、低水泥浇注料。详细论述了上述耐火材料在玻璃熔窑中的使用状况。     

山东君道高温材料有限公司

正一、刚玉、刚玉莫来石砖系列:莫来石砖(MUSB-70),高纯再结合电熔莫来石砖(MUSB-75),高性能莫来石砖(MUSB-77.7),莫来石刚玉砖(MUCO-80),莫来石刚玉砖(MUCO-85),高致密刚玉砖(COHD-95),烧结刚玉砖(COSB-95),高纯低硅刚玉砖(COHP-99)二、高纯镁铝尖晶石砖、高纯镁砖、镁锆砖系列:高纯镁铝尖晶石砖(MAS-70)主要用于全氧重碱窑大碹,胸墙,玻璃熔窑蓄热室格子体中上部,具有天然的抗碱性。高纯镁铝尖晶石刚玉砖(MAS-80),含锆镁铝尖晶石砖(MAS-68.8),镁锆砖(AMZ-76),高纯镁砖(SMA-96),高纯镁砖(SMA-98),高纯镁砖(SMA-99)     

提钒渣对莫来石-碳化硅材料的侵蚀研究

采用粒度分别为5~3、3~1、≤1、≤0.088 mm的M70莫来石,≤0.088 mm的棕刚玉和碳化硅为主要原料,同时加入SiO2微粉和黏土,以纸浆废液为结合剂,按一定比例混合均匀,压制成型后制备了莫来石-碳化硅和莫来石-刚玉两种材质的试样。试样经110℃烘干24 h后,对比检测了两种材料经1450℃5 h处理后的常温物理性能及其在1450℃5 h下的抗提钒渣侵蚀性,并着重分析了侵蚀后莫来石-碳化硅试样的显微结构。结果表明:莫来石-刚玉材料不适合用于钒钛磁铁矿冶炼环境,因提钒渣对莫来石材料侵蚀严重,渗透较深,生成产物复杂,在强烈的侵蚀和渗透作用下,莫来石材料被肢解;而在莫来石材料中加入SiC可以有效提高其抗提钒渣侵蚀的能力。     

危废处理焚烧炉内衬用耐火材料研究进展

对常用的危险废弃物焚烧炉内衬用耐火材料的种类进行了综述，指出不同工作环境使用的内衬耐火材料主要有刚玉质、碳化硅质、莫来石质、黏土质、铬刚玉质、刚玉-碳化硅质、刚玉-莫来石质、镁铝质等，总结了内衬耐火材料损毁的机制，包括机械磨损、热剥落和化学侵蚀，并对危废焚烧炉内衬用耐火材料的发展方向进行了展望。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。