阵列型图像传感器模数转换技术

阵列型图像传感器的信号读出方式对整个传感器的性能有较大的影响。在新型的数字化图像传感器中,光电信号的多路传输在数字域实现,实现了信号的无损传输,提高了图像传感器的通道隔离度及抗干扰能力。模拟数字转换器(ADC)是数字化图像传感器的重要组成部分,其性能对整个成像系统的性能有重大影响。以阵列型图像传感器对ADC的要求入手,分析了ADC各性能参数对阵列型图像传感器性能的影响,介绍了数字化图像传感器的各类结构及适用于阵列型图像传感器的不同ADC及其实现方式。CMOS工艺技术的发展使得像素级ADC技术进入实用化阶段,像素级ADC技术可以利用数字积分技术有效提高图像传感器的动态范围,使得光电信号积分及多路传输都在数字域进行,极大地提高了图像传感器的性能。     

几乎无噪声、适用于成像应用的ADC驱动器

正无论就采样率还是就信噪比而言,CCD(电荷耦合器件)和其他传感器对数字转换器都有很高的要求。传感器输出一般是以地为基准的一系列模拟电平(像素),在像素的边沿之间可能出现瞬态信号。像素数量增加时,捕获图像所需的ADC采样率也随之提高,就大多数大动态范围应用而言,20Msps流水线型ADC是足够的。为确保所采样信号具备最高SNR性能,ADC的驱动电路必须提供低阻抗、快速稳定以免引入宽带噪声以及对传感器呈现高输入阻抗。本文描述一种用于传感器和高性     

小面积、微功耗增量型Sigma-Delta ADC设计

模拟数字转换器(ADC)是智能化传感器的一个重要组成部分。阵列型传感器应用对ADC的功耗及芯片面积都具有较高的要求,同时传感器本身特性要求ADC具有较高的精度,对阵列型传感器用ADC的设计提出了挑战。在分析各类型ADC的性能优劣势的基础上,提出了应用增量型Sigma-Delta ADC来设计阵列型传感器应用。介绍了增量型Sigma-Delta ADC的架构设计以及电路设计,并在0.18?m CMOS工艺下流片。在40 k S/s的转换速度下,所设计的ADC达到了15 bit的精度,功耗为58?W,单个ADC的芯片面积为10?m×530?m。测试结果表明增量型Sigma-Delta ADC非常适合于阵列型传感器应用。     

RTD温度测量系统对ADC的要求

有多种类型的温度传感器可以用于温度测量系统。具体使用何种温度传感器,取决于所测量的温度范围和所需的精度。温度测量系统的精度取决于传感器以及传感器所接口的模数转换器(ADC)的性能。许多情况下,来自传感器的信号幅度非常小,因而需要高分辨率ADC。Σ-Δ型ADC属于高分辨率器件,适合这些系统。其     

基于FPGA和高精度ADC的组合导航系统设计

介绍了高精度模数变换(ADC)和现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)在惯性导航系统(INS)与全球定位系统(GPS)构成的组合导航系统中的应用,讨论了运用多片ADC同时对陀螺仪、加速度计等惯性传感器信号进行并行采集,使用FPGA实现对ADC进行时序控制和对采集到的信号进行硬件数字滤波的方案,最后给出了系统测试结果,达到了预期的设计目的。     

模数转换技术的分析与应用

从市场角度入手分析了ADC在电子技术发展中的重要性及其特殊性;然后分析ADC不同的算法组合,如并行比较型、逐次逼近型、积分型、∑-Δ型、流水线型ADC,详细比较各种算法的优缺点及主要用途;最后结合工艺的发展,展望了ADC的发展趋势和存在困难。并指出在选用ADC时,不仅要考虑应用的精度、速度等主要指标,还要考虑输入信号的形式、输入信号范围、输入通道类型和数量、工作电源等多种具体功能上的差异。     

ZTP135S-R型传感器在体温计中的应用

红外体温计采用红外温度传感器测量体温,利用GE公司的ZTP135S-R型红外热电堆温度传感器实现对温度信号的非接触测量.详细介绍了ZTP135S-R型传感器的工作原理和性能.它与自带ADC的mega16型8位单片机相连,共同实现体温计的功能.     

基于仪表放大器的传感器信号采集电路设计

介绍了一种基于TMS320F2812 DSP、仪表放大器的传感器数据采集系统的设计。传感器信号调理是对传感器直接输出的信号进行调节,信号调理的原理以及硬件实现电路在文中都做了说明。给出了DSP和传感器信号调理电路的接口设计;同时,结合作者实际工作的一个成功应用TMS320F2812 DSP与仪表放大器以及同步采样16 b ADC通过CPLD硬件接口的实例。通过验证此电路系统有非常好的性能和可扩展性。     

光纤光栅激光传感器的研究现状及其应用

概述了光纤光栅激光传感器(FBGLS)的基本结构和特点,并着重介绍其波长型、偏振态型、相位型传感器的工作原理及发展现状,最后阐述了FBGLS的应用前景。     

EV8AQ160型ADC在2.5 Gsps双通道高速信号采集系统中的应用

针对某高速实时频谱仪中的高速模数转换器(ADC)的应用,基于信号采集系统硬件平台,介绍了一种最大采样率可达5 Gbps的高速8位A/D转换器EV8AQ160。该器件内部由4路并行的ADC构成,各路ADC可并行工作也可交错工作。详细描述了EV8AQ160在交错模式下的工作原理,介绍了其在某双通道高速信号采集系统中的应用,给出了EV8AQ160与Xilinx公司Virtex-6 FPGA的接口设计方案以及系统结构框图,并用ISE的在线逻辑分析仪(ChipScope Pro)测试了ADC性能。把ADC输出的数据存储在DDR3中,然后进行FFT变换,进而分析ADC的信噪比及有效位数,实测表明整体指标达到设计要求。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.