高刚度环氧树脂与高模碳纤维的界面相容和性能匹配

自行开发了一种高刚度环氧树脂（5182树脂）,研究了5182树脂的增刚机制、耐热性能和力学性能。结果表明,原位生成的酰亚胺刚性链段及增加的多交联位点提高了5182树脂交联网络的刚性,其玻璃化转变温度达228℃,拉伸模量达到4 375 MPa。采用高刚度5182树脂制备了国产BHM3和东丽M40J高模碳纤维增强高刚度环氧树脂复合材料,考察了高模碳纤维/高刚度环氧树脂单丝复合材料的界面黏结性能和断面微观形貌,并评价了高模碳纤维/高刚度环氧树脂单向复合材料的宏观力学性能。结果表明,由于树脂模量的提高及界面破坏区域由碳纤维表面转移到环氧树脂区,高模碳纤维/高刚度环氧树脂复合材料的界面剪切强度最高达106.8 MPa,宏观力学性能优异,尤其弯曲性能和层间剪切强度大幅提高。      

三维机织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料在两种测量方法下的热响应机制对比

采用瞬态热线法和闪光法分别测量了多种结构参数的三维机织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的导热系数。通过对3D正交机织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的有限元模拟可以看出,3D正交机织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料内经纱、纬纱和Z向纱的导热作用在不同的受热形式下会发生变化。采用瞬态热线法测量时,2.5D机织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的导热系数低于2.5D经向增强结构,同时高于3D正交结构,而采用闪光法测量时,2.5D经向增强和3D正交碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的导热系数均小于2.5D机织结构。这是由于在使用不同的测量方法时,三维机织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料内部相同的纱线系统在导热过程中所起的作用并不相同。随着纤维体积含量的提高,瞬态热线法和闪光法测得的2.5D机织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的导热系数都在不断提高。由于经纱的屈曲,采用闪光法测量时,导热性能提升更加明显。研究结果表明,三维机织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料在不同受热形式下具有不同的热响应机制。     

Damping analysis of polyurethane/epoxy graft interpenetrating polymer network composites filled with short carbon fiber and micro hollow glass bead

A series of short carbon fiber (CF) and micro hollow glass bead (HGB) filled polyurethane (PU)/epoxy resin (EP) graft interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) composites were prepared. The damping properties, thermal stability properties as well as tensile and impact strength of IPN composites were studied systematically. Results revealed that the addition of short carbon fiber and micro HGB can significantly improve the damping properties of pure PU/EP IPN and can improve the thermal decomposition temperature. Mechanical tests showed that the tensile strength of the IPN composites could be improved after the incorporation of short carbon fiber and micro HGB, while the impact resistance of the composites was impaired after the addition of micro HGB. It is expected that the carbon fiber and micro HGB filled IPN composites may be used as structural damping materials.     

Tough Epoxy Vitrimer with Hybrid Networks and Its Applications in Reprocessable Composites

Progress in the ever-growing vitrimer chemistry opens up great opportunities for a sustainable society by producing reprocessable thermosets. However, most vitrimers suffer from the conflict between mechanical performance and dynamic reactivity, hindering the development of industrial applications. Herein, a facile but universal material design strategy is proposed to yield tough epoxy vitrimers while preserving excellent reprocessability. Copolymerization and bond exchange reactions can build covalent bridges between heterogeneous polymer networks, thus leading to a hybrid dynamic covalent polymer network containing hard and soft segments. Tailorable mechanical and thermal properties are obtained by controlling the ratio of hard-to-soft components. The resulting epoxy vitrimer can balance strength and stretchability while exhibiting brittle-to-ductile transformation in tensile tests. Enhanced fracture toughness is achieved compared to both pristine hard and soft vitrimers. The resulting vitrimers exhibit excellent processability and potential applications in composite fabrication, welding and reshaping, and multiple shape memory functions. This work presents a feasible approach to satisfying the demands of mechanical performance and dynamic reactivity in the design of epoxy vitrimers. The material design principle will be applicable to a wide range of vitrimer systems to pursue desirable properties.     

纤维增强改性阻尼材料研究

随着高性能机械设备和高速轨道交通的飞速发展,阻尼材料已被广泛应用于解决噪声和振动问题。研究了添加不同纤维对阻尼材料性能的影响。在阻尼浆和环氧树脂两种基体中添加了有机纤维和玻璃纤维,使用DMA测试仪对复合材料动态力学性能进行表征,探讨了纤维增强机理。测试结果表明,有机纤维较玻璃纤维对复合材料的增强效果好,其中PET纤维表现出较优良的阻尼性能。     

纤维长径比对环氧复合材料动态力学性能的影响

本文研究不同纤维长径比对碳纤和玻纤环氧复合材料动态力学性能的影响.结果表明,随长径比的增大,材料的力学内耗下降而模量增加;在低长径比,碳纤复合材料的内耗值比玻纤复合材料的高.达到一定长径比后,内耗值和模量值趋于连续纤维复合材料的值.温度越高,基体模量下降,达到相同纤维刚度的使用效率所需要的长径比就越大.用材料在外载荷或热缩应力作用下,纤维及其界面上沿纤维方向上的应力大小和分布随长径比的变化规律解释上述现象.     

碳纤维增强复合材料中改性木质素的应用

目的 解决碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料中由双酚A合成的环氧树脂成本高、危害环境与健康、耐化学性差的问题,使木质素代替双酚A合成环氧树脂来制备碳纤维复合材料。方法 通过综述木质素在环氧树脂合成中的改性方法与合成方案的研究进展,分析碳纤维复合材料成型工艺的优缺点。结论 采用不同方法对木质素进行化学改性,可在降低成本的同时提高热稳定性与耐化学性等各项性能。用改性或降解木质素来合成碳纤维复合材料的环氧树脂基体为碳纤维增强材料的研究提供了新的研究方向,对碳纤维增强材料降低成本、提高性能和促进行业发展都具有积极作用。     

The effect of thermoplastic coating on the mechanical properties of woven fabric carbon/epoxy composites

The effect of a polyetherimide (PEI) coating on the mechanical properties of woven fabric carbon/epoxy composites was investigated by thermal mechanical analysis, fractographical analysis and mechanical properties measurements. PEI coating enhanced the mechanical properties of carbon/epoxy composites mainly through the improvement of matrix properties. This was because most of the PEI coated on the carbon fiber diffused into the bulk of epoxy matrix due to its good miscibility with epoxy resin. As for mechanical properties of woven fabric carbon/epoxy composites, the extent of improvement by PEI coating highly depended on the applied stress state. Among the mechanical properties, mode II delamination resistance of carbon/epoxy composites showed the highest increment because matrix shear property played an important role in delamination resistance of woven fabric carbon/epoxy composite. Because of the woven geometry of carbon fiber, the improvement in impact property of carbon/epoxy composite was trivial except the large amount of PEI coated case.     

激光改性纤维对其增强环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响

利用激光对玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维和碳纤维进行表面改性后,以环氧树脂为基体,分别制备三种纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料。利用SEM和万能试验机对表面改性前后的碳纤维形态、力学性能及三种纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能和断面形貌进行表征,研究了纤维激光表面改性对三种纤维及其增强环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:激光表面改性对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能提升最高,其拉伸强度最大提高了77.06%,冲击强度最大提高了31.25%,玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能提升次之,而玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能有所下降。因此,激光进行表面改性适用于碳纤维和玄武岩纤维。     

国产T800碳纤维用氰酸酯树脂开发及其复合材料性能

基于飞行器减重对耐高温结构复合材料的应用背景,为了拓展国产T800碳纤维增强氰酸酯复合材料体系的应用,通过对国产T800碳纤维表面上浆剂的分析,开展适于国产T800碳纤维的氰酸酯树脂基体配方设计,研究国产T800碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料的力学性能和耐热性能,分析树脂基体对复合材料界面性能的影响。结果表明:国产T800碳纤维表面上浆剂中含有环氧基团。配方优化后的氰酸酯树脂与国产T800碳纤维复合后,复合材料的室温-湿态力学性能保持率大于74.8%,200℃力学性能保持率大于57%,玻璃化转变温度为226℃,具有优异的热机械性能和界面性能。     

表面官能团化多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能

本文首先将多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)进行表面化学修饰,接入羧基、胺基等官能团,采用红外光谱进行了表征.以纯化后的MWNT和表面化学修饰的MWNT作为填料,制备了MWNT /环氧树脂复合材料,研究了MWNT的加入对环氧树脂的力学性能、电学性能、热稳定性和玻璃化转变温度等的影响,并利用场发射电镜观察了胺基化MWNT在环氧树脂基体中的分散情况.     

水性上浆剂对碳纤维表面及碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料界面性能的影响

以4,4'-亚甲基双(异氰酸苯酯)(MDI)为扩链剂, 将Triton X-100(TX-100)引入到双酚A二缩水甘油醚(DGEBA) 中, 设计合成水性碳纤维上浆剂(DGEBA-MDI-TX-100), 并利用合成的水性上浆剂对碳纤维表面进行改性。在此基础上, 以环氧树脂为基体, 制备碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料, 研究了水性上浆剂改性碳纤维对碳纤维表面性能及其复合材料界面性能的影响。结果表明:与未经处理的碳纤维相比, 经过上浆剂改性后的碳纤维润湿性能得到了较大的提高, 与环氧树脂的接触角下降了 9.1%;与环氧树脂复合后制备的复合材料的界面剪切强度提高了64.7%。      

不同热氧环境对T800碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

不同热氧环境(70,130,190℃)对碳纤维复合材料的性能有着重要的影响。分析了不同热氧环境下T800碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的失重特性,并对比了老化前后的表面形貌、红外光谱、动态力学性能和层间剪切性能。结果表明:在热氧老化初始阶段,质损率急速上升,老化温度越高质量损失越快;试样表面形貌随热氧温度的升高其破坏程度逐渐加剧,在190℃老化后,纤维表面树脂脱落严重,纤维与纤维之间出现裂缝空隙,无树脂填充,在此老化温度下,试样发生了不可逆化学变化;试样的玻璃化转变温度会随老化温度的升高而变大,但内耗呈现先降低后增大再降低的趋势,在70,130,190℃热氧老化后试样剪切强度分别提高6.0%,13.7%和2.1%。相关实验结果和实验现象可为后续研究新型国产T800碳纤维/环氧复合材料提供数据参考。     

Improved fire retardancy of thermoset composites modified with carbon nanofibers

Abstract

Multifunctional thermoset composites were made from polyester resin, glass fiber mats and carbon nanofiber sheets (CNS). Their flaming behavior was investigated with cone calorimeter under well-controlled combustion conditions. The heat release rate was lowered by pre-planting carbon nanofiber sheets on the sample surface with the total fiber content of only 0.38 wt.%. Electron microscopy showed that carbon nanofiber sheet was partly burned and charred materials were formed on the combusting surface. Both the nanofibers and charred materials acted as an excellent insulator and/or mass transport barrier, improving the fire retardancy of the composite. This behavior agrees well with the general mechanism of fire retardancy in various nanoparticle-thermoplastic composites.     

船舶用阻燃树脂基体复合材料研究进展

复合材料的阻燃性能限制了其在船舶结构中的应用,树脂基体复合材料阻燃性能的好坏主要取决于树脂本身的阻燃性能。作者分别对复合材料中常用的三类树脂基体进行了总结研究:乙烯基环氧树脂在船舶领域已得到了广泛应用,但在某些要求阻燃的场合,乙烯基环氧树脂的应用受限。工业界和学术界针对阻燃乙烯基环氧树脂开展了大量工作,通过加入含磷笼型聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)阻燃剂,显著提高了其阻燃性能,耐热性能和力学性能也有所提高;酚醛树脂是一种具有高阻燃性能的树脂类别,采用多种浸渍工艺将其制备成玻璃纤维或碳纤维增强预浸料,经过模压或热压罐等工艺方式可制备出力学性能良好、阻燃性能优异的复合材料产品。采用发泡工艺制备玻璃纤维增强酚醛发泡复合材料,其在更加轻量化的同时,仍具有良好的力学性能和阻燃性能;邻苯二甲腈树脂同样具有优异的阻燃性能,玻璃纤维、碳纤维增强的邻苯二甲腈复合材料热释放速率满足美军MIL-STD-2031中潜艇材料测定标准,邻苯二甲腈玻璃纤维复合材料的烟密度也远低于常见树脂复合材料的。阻燃乙烯基环氧树脂、酚醛树脂和氰基树脂优异的阻燃性能和良好的力学性能使其在水面舰艇和潜艇部件上具有广阔的应用前景。     

Exploring biomass based carbon black as filler in epoxy composites: Flexural and thermal properties

Carbon blacks (CB), derived from bamboo stem (BS-CB), coconut shells (CNS-CB) and oil palm empty fiber bunch (EFB-CB), were obtained by pyrolysis of fibers at 700 °C, characterized and used as filler in epoxy composites. The results obtained showed that the prepared carbon black possessed well-developed porosities and are predominantly made up of micropores. The BS-CB, CNS-CB and EFB-CB filled composites were prepared and characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The SEM showed that the fractured surface of the composite indicates its high resistance to fracture. The CBs–epoxy composites exhibited better flexural properties than the neat epoxy, which was attributed to better adhesion between the CBs and the epoxy resin. TGA showed that there was improvement in thermal stability of the carbon black filled composites compared to the neat epoxy resin.     

Enhancement of ablative and interfacial bonding properties of EPDM composites by incorporating epoxy phenolic resin

Effects of epoxy phenolic resin (EPR) on ablative and interfacial bonding properties of EPDM composites were evaluated. Ablative properties of EPDM composites were enhanced by two folds with incorporating 10 phr EPR. This significant enhancement was attributed to positive effect of EPR on thermal stability and thermal insulating properties of EPDM composites as well as formation of compact char layer onto composites. Furthermore, interfacial shear strength of EPDM composites with carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composites was increased by 55.6% with incorporating 10 phr EPR, due to interfacial chemical reaction of epoxide groups of EPR molecule from EPDM composites with amine group of hardener from CF/EP composites.     

The influence of heat treatment and finishing on the mechanical and dielectric properties of glass fabric-epoxy resin laminar composites

The aim of this investigation was to define the optimum conditions of obtaining glass fabric-epoxy resin laminar composites with mechanical and dielectric properties that satisfy the quality needed for production of printed circuit boards for microelectronics. Commercial materials: glass woven fabric, different types of silane finish and epoxy resin were the starting materials in obtaining composites. The conditions needed for the thermal removal of the original size from glass fabric were investigated. The optimal heat treatment should be performed at temperatures less than 550 °C, while cooling rates should be as low as possible. In this manner, the fabric has less than 0.1% of residual size, and the mechanical properties remain satisfactory. Different types of adhesion promoters based on silanes were applied on heat-treated glass fabric as finishes. The quality of the composite material made of thermally and chemically treated glass fabric and epoxy resin was controled by measuring the tensile and dielectric strength of the composite. Depending on which properties of composite are of primary concern, mechanical or dielectric, a finish with an amino functional group and lower heat-treatment temperature or epoxy-modified coatings and higher heat-treatment temperature should be used for obtaining glass-fabric epoxy resin laminar composites.     

碳/环氧薄壁豆荚杆热-结构性能试验研究

碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料成功应用于航天器结构,其热-结构效应是重点关注问题之一。该文以碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料空间可展天线薄壁豆荚杆为研究对象,通过试验对其材料热物理参数进行测定,得到材料的热物理参数,测得其比热容和导热系数均随着温度升高而增大,符合材料热参数的变化规律。采用大体积真空罐、热沉和红外加热笼模拟空间热环境,对薄壁豆荚杆进行真空热辐射试验,得到试件特征位置处的瞬态、稳态温度场,并采用低温应变片测试特征点应变时程,分析得到薄壁豆荚杆在热辐射作用下纵向、横向及薄壁内外两侧热响应的温度和应变分布规律,为理论分析、数值研究和设计提供参考。     

无溶剂环氧涂料的制备及涂层性能研究

为提高环氧涂料在受力和形变等动态环境下的性能,通过对环氧树脂和固化剂等基础材料的筛选、涂膜柔韧性能的改善和防腐蚀底漆配方的设计,研制一款无溶剂环氧树脂工业防腐蚀涂料。选取黏度较低的J51型环氧树脂以及与其成膜性好且漆膜力学性能优异的WH-31型环氧固化剂作为主要成膜物质,通过环氧活性稀释剂(SM80)进行增韧,当SM80与环氧树脂比例为1:7时,涂层柔韧性可达1mm且与碳钢板拉拔附着力可达12MPa。在此基础上进行无溶剂环氧铁红底漆研制,得到施工方便、力学性能优异、耐水性良好、耐碱性良好,耐盐雾可达1000h的工业防腐蚀底漆。