CoB doped acid modified zeolite catalyst for enhanced hydrogen release from sodium borohydride hydrolysis

Cobalt-boron (CoB) catalyst supported on zeolite modified with hydrochloric acid (CoB-zeolite-HCl) and zeolite modified with acetic acid (CoB-zeolite-CH₃COOH) is prepared for the hydrogen (H₂) release from sodium borohydride (NaBH₄). The supported catalyst samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nitrogen adsorption and, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The effects of Co metal loading, NaBH₄ concentration, NaOH concentration, temperature, and reusability on the catalytic performance of the CoB-zeolite-HCl catalyst were investigated. The completion time of the reaction using the raw zeolite supported CoB catalyst was about 265 min. However, the completion time of the reaction using the CoB-zeolite-HCl catalyst was decreased to about 80 min. BET surface area values showed that there is a 7-fold increase in the specific surface area for the zeolite activated with HCl compared to the BET surface area for the raw zeolite. The activation energy (Ea) of the catalyzed reaction was 42.45 kJ mol⁻¹.     

Preparation of CoB catalysts supported on raw and Na-exchanged bentonite clays and their application in hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of NaBH4

The aim of this work is to prepare CoB catalysts supported on raw bentonite (CoB/bentonite) and Na-exchanged bentonite (CoB/Na-bentonite) by the impregnation and chemical reduction method. The prepared catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The activities of the catalysts were tested in the hydrolysis reaction of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) in a semi-batch system. The volume of the evolved hydrogen gas was determined by a water displacement method. The effects of catalyst amount, NaOH (a base stabilizer) concentration, NaBH₄ concentration and solution temperature on the hydrogen generation rate were investigated. The maximum hydrogen generation rates were determined as 921.94 mL/min.g_cat for CoB/bentonite and 1601.45 mL/min.g_cat for CoB/Na-bentonite when the 5 wt % NaBH₄ and 10 wt % NaOH solutions were used at 50 °C. The activation energies (E_a) of the hydrolysis reaction over CoB/bentonite and CoB/Na-bentonite were determined as 55.76 and 56.61 kJ/mol, respectively.     

Optimisation of sepiolite clay with phosphoric acid treatment as support material for CoB catalyst and application to produce hydrogen from the NaBH4 hydrolysis

Herein, the CoB catalyst supported on the sepiolite clay treated with phosphoric acid was utilized to produce hydrogen from the NaBH₄ hydrolysis. In order to analyse the performance of the phosphoric acid treated sepiolite clay supported-CoB catalyst, the NaBH₄ concentration effect, phosphoric acid concentration effect, phosphoric acid impregnation time effect, CoB catalyst percentage effect, and temperature effect were studied. In addition, XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, BET, and FTIR analysis were performed for characterization of Co–B catalyst supported on the acid-treated sepiolite. The completion time of this hydrolysis reaction with Co–B (20%) catalyst supported on the sepiolite treated by 5 M phosphoric acid was approximately 80 min, whereas the completion time of this hydrolysis reaction with acid-free sepiolite-supported Co–B (20%) catalyst was approximately 260 min. There is a five-fold increase in the maximum production rate. The maximum hydrogen production rates of this hydrolysis reaction at 30 and 60 °C were found as 1486 and 5025 ml min⁻¹g⁻¹_catalyst, respectively. Activation energy was found as 21.4 kJ/mol. This result indicates that the acid treatment on sepiolite is quite successful. The re-usability of NaBH₄ hydrolysis reaction by CoB catalyst supported on sepiolite treated phosphoric acid for successive five cycles of NaBH₄ at 30 °C was investigated.     

Acetic acid, a relatively green single-use catalyst for hydrogen generation from sodium borohydride

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) has been studied (reactivity and kinetics) at high acid concentration (0.32 M). A mineral (hydrochloric acid, HCl) and an organic benign (acetic acid, CH₃COOH) acid have been chosen. Our study has three distinct objectives, namely: (i) combining the simplicity of the storage of solid NaBH₄ with the simplicity of the aqueous solution of acid; (ii) showing CH₃COOH can be as reactive as HCl in specific well-chosen operating conditions; and (iii) emphasizing the relative greenness of the CH₃COOH-based process. All of these objectives have been fulfilled and show that CH₃COOH is a benign relatively green acid catalyst of choice for catalyzing hydrogen generation from NaBH₄, the acid–water–NaBH₄ system being quite simple.     

Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis of sodium borohydride on CoB/SiO2 catalyst

Generation of hydrogen by hydrolysis of alkali metal hydrides has attracted attention. Unsupported CoB catalyst demonstrated high activity for the catalytic hydrolysis of NaBH₄ solution. However, unsupported CoB nanoparticles were easy to aggregate and difficult to reuse. To overcome these drawbacks, CoB/SiO₂ was prepared and tested for this reaction. Cobalt (II) acetate precursor was loaded onto the SiO₂ support by incipient-wetness impregnation method. After drying at 100 °C, Co cations were deposited on the support. The dried sample was then dispersed in methanol/water solution and then fully reduced by NaBH₄ at room temperature. The catalyst was characterized by N₂ sorption, XRD and XPS. The results indicated that the CoB on SiO₂ possessed amorphous structure. B and Co existed both in elemental and oxidized states. SiO₂ not only affected the surface compositions of CoB, but also affected the electronic states of Co and B. B⁰ could donate partial electron to Co⁰. The structure effect caused by the SiO₂ support helped to prevent CoB nanocluster from aggregation and therefore the activity increased significantly on hydrolysis of alkaline NaBH₄ solution. The CoB/SiO₂ catalyst showed much higher activity than the unsupported CoB catalyst. At 298 K, the hydrogen generation rate on CoB/SiO₂ catalyst was 4 times more than that on the unsupported CoB catalyst. The hydrogen generation rate was as high as 10,586 mL min⁻¹ g⁻¹ catalyst at 298 K. CoB/SiO₂ is a very promising catalyst for this reaction.     

Production of metal-free catalyst from defatted spent coffee ground for hydrogen generation by sodium borohyride methanolysis

In the present study, defatted spent coffee ground (DSCG) treated with different acids was used as a metal-free catalyst for the first time. The aim of undertaken work is to demonstrate that DSCG can be used as a green catalyst to produce hydrogen through methanolysis of sodium borohydride. To produce hydrogen by the sodium borohydride methanolysis (NaBH₄), DSCG was pretreated with different acids (HNO₃, CH₃COOH, HCl). According to the superior acid performance, acetic acid was selected and then different concentrations of the chosen acid were evaluated (1M, 3M, 5M, and 7M). Subsewuently, different temperatures (200, 300, 400 and 500 °C) and burning times (30, 45, 60 and 90 min) for the optimization of DSCG-catalyst were tested. The experiments with the use of CH₃COOH treated DSCG-catalyst reveal that the optimal acid concentration was 1M CH₃COOH and the burning temperatures and time were 300 °C and 60 min, respectively. FTIR, SEM, ICP-MS and CHNS elemental analysis were carried out for a through characterization of the catalyst samples. In this study, the experiments were carried out with 10 ml methanol solution contained 0.025 g NaBH₄ with 0.1 g catalyst at 30 °C unless otherwise stated. The effect of NaBH₄ concentration was investigated with use of 1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% NaBH₄, while the influence of catalyst concentration was discovered with the use of 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.25 g catalyst. Different temperatures were chosen (30, 40, 50 and 60 °C) to explore the hydrogen production performance of the catalyst. In addition, the maximum hydrogen production rate through methanolysis reaction of NaBH₄ by this catalyst was found to be 3171.4 mL min⁻¹gcat⁻¹. Also, the activation energy was determined to be 25.23 kJ mol⁻¹.     

Fabrication and characterization of poly(tannic acid) coated magnetic clay decorated with cobalt nanoparticles for NaBH4 hydrolysis: RSM-CCD based modeling and optimization

Hydrogen generation from sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) hydrolysis in the presence of metal catalysts is a frequently used and encouraging method for hydrogen storage. Metal nanoparticle-supported catalysts are better recyclability and dispersion than unsupported metal catalysts. In this study, the synthesis and characterization of a polymer-supported catalyst for hydrogen generation using NaBH₄ have been investigated. For the synthesis of polymeric material, first of all, kaolin (KLN) clay has been magnetically rendered by using the co-precipitation method (Fe₃O₄@KLN) and then coated with poly tannic acid (PTA@Fe₃O₄@KLN). Then, the catalyst loaded with cobalt (Co) nanoparticles have been obtained with the NaBH₄ reduction method (Co@PTA@Fe₃O₄@KLN). The surface morphology and structural properties of the prepared catalysts have been determined using methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The optimization of the most important variables (NaBH₄ amount, NaOH amount, catalyst amount, and metal loading rate) affecting the hydrolysis of NaBH₄ using the synthesized polymeric catalysts was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM). Depending on the evaluated parameters, the desired response was determined to be hydrogen production rate (HGR, mL/g min). HGR was 1540.4 mL/g_cat. min. in the presence of the Co@PTA@Fe₃O₄@KLN at optimum points obtained via RSM (NaBH₄ amount 0.34 M, NaOH amount 7.9 wt%, catalyst amount 3.84 mg/mL, and Co loading rate 6.1%). The reusability performance of the catalyst used in hydrolysis of NaBH₄ was investigated under optimum conditions. It was concluded that the catalyst is quite stable.     

Spirulina Platensis microalgae strain modified with phosphoric acid as a novel support material for Co–B catalysts: Its application to hydrogen production

Spirulina platensis is defined as the dried biomass of cyanobacteria in commercial use and is biomass with high carbon content. Spirulina platensis microalgae strain supported-CoB catalysts to produce hydrogen from sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) were prepared for the first time. The Spirulina platensis microalgae strain was modified with phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) to proton. Then, the supported catalyst was performed to produce hydrogen from NaBH₄ hydrolysis. The optimum H₃PO₄ concentration, optimum Co amount, and optimum impregnation time of the H₃PO₄ with the microalgae strain were investigated. The maximum hydrogen production rate for the 30% CoB catalyst supported on microalgae strain treated with H₃PO₄ was found to be 3940 mL min⁻¹g⁻¹catalyst. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis were performed for characterization of CoB catalyst supported on Spirulina microalgae strain. After four consecutive uses, the performance and conversion values of this catalyst were investigated. At the same time, the effect of temperature on the hydrogen production from this hydrolysis reaction was examined. The activation energy with the CoB catalyst supported on Spirulina microalgae strain was calculated as 35.25 kJ mol⁻¹. According to the kinetic model of a power law, n value was found as 0.25 for kinetic studies.     

Apricot Kernel shell waste treated with phosphoric acid used as a green,metal-free catalyst for hydrogen generation from hydrolysis of sodium borohydride

In this study, grinded apricot kernel shell (GAKS) biobased waste was used for the first time as a cost-effective, efficient, green and metal-free catalyst for hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis reaction of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄). For the hydrogen production by NaBH₄ hydrolysis reaction, GAKS was treated with various acids (HCl, HNO₃, CH₃COOH, H₃PO₄), salt (ZnCl₂) and base (KOH). As a result, the phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) demonstrated better catalytic activity than other chemical agents. The hydrolysis of NaBH₄ with the GAKS-catalyst (GAKS_cat) was studied depending on different parameters such as acid concentration, furnace burning temperature and time, catalyst amount, NaBH₄ concentration and hydrolysis reaction temperature. The obtained GAKS_cat was characterized by ICP-MS, elemental analysis, TGA, XRD, FT-IR, Boehm, TEM and SEM analyses and was evaluated for its catalytic activity in the hydrogen production from the hydrolysis reaction of NaBH₄. According to the results, the optimal H₃PO₄ percentage was found as 15%. The maximum hydrogen generation rate from the hydrolysis of NaBH₄ with the GAKS_cat was calculated as 20,199 mL min⁻¹ g_cat⁻¹. As a result, it can be said that GAKS treated with 15% H₃PO₄ as a catalyst for hydrogen production is an effective alternative due to its high hydrogen production rate.     

Catalytic hydrolysis of NaBH4 over titanate nanotube supported Co for hydrogen production

A Co/HTNT catalyst is developed by immobilizing Co on the surface of titanate nanotubes. The microstructure and composition of the catalyst are investigated with atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The developed Co/HTNT catalyst shows great performance in catalyzing NaBH₄ hydrolysis. The hydrolysis of 25 mg NaBH₄ catalyzed by 50 mg Co/HTNT in 10 g NaOH solution (12.5 wt%) provides a hydrogen production rate of 1.04 L min^?1 g_Co^?1 at 30 °C, and the activation energy of the reaction is 29.68 kJ mol^?1. The high catalytic activity and economical property make this catalyst a promising choice for on-site hydrogen production from NaBH₄ hydrolysis.     

Fe doped-CoB catalysts with phosphoric acid-activated montmorillonite as support for efficient hydrogen production via NaBH4 hydrolysis

In this study, montmorillonite (MMT) clay was modified with different acids to be used as support material. The modified MMT clay was used to obtain hydrogen in the hydrolysis reactions of NaBH₄ (NaBH₄-HR) as a support material for the Co–B and Co–Fe–B catalyst. During the activation of MMT clay, the effects of different acids, phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) concentration, and impregnation time with H₃PO₄ were investigated. During the hydrogen generation from the NaBH₄-HR, effects of Co loading, Fe loading, NaBH₄ concentration, temperature and, catalyst durability were investigated. The maximum HGRs for MMT-H₃PO₄–CoB and MMT-H₃PO₄–Co–Fe–B treated with 5 M H₃PO₄ for 7 days were 1869 and 4536 mL/min/g_catalyst, respectively. The activation energies for MMT-H₃PO₄–CoB and MMT-H₃PO₄–Co–Fe–B catalyst samples were 49.5 and 38.90 kJ/mol.     

Controllable hydrogen production from NaBH4 hydrolysis promoted by acetic acid

Numerous catalysts have been widely investigated for accelerating hydrogen production from NaBH₄ hydrolysis. However, these catalysts are usually complicated in structures, costly in fabrication, and hazardous for environment. In this work, cheap and environment-friendly acetic acid, CH₃COOH, is employed to promote NaBH₄ hydrolysis to produce hydrogen in a considerable rate. The experimental results demonstrate that the addition of suitable amount of CH₃COOH into NaBH₄ solutions stabilized with NaOH could dramatically accelerate the hydrolysis reaction. Additionally, the start/stop of NaBH₄ hydrolysis could be controlled by adding acid or base into the solution to realize “go-as-you-please” on-site hydrogen production.     

Investigation on the effect of synthesizing temperature on the catalytic activity of nickel cobalt boron catalysts in sodium borohydride hydrolysis process

Hydrogen production through the reaction between sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) and water in presence of three different catalysts including; NiB, CoB and NiCoB is studied. The catalysts are synthesized by chemical reduction method at room and 0 °C temperature. The products are characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRSEM) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP). The results showed that carrying out synthesizing process at low temperature, causes decreasing the nuclei size and reducing driving force for the growth stage, and results in a meaningful reduction in size of the produced catalysts particles. Furthermore, it leads to a recognizable change in particles shape to fine spherical with definite boundaries and slightly increase in boron content of each catalyst. These changes, especially in size and shape of the produced catalysts, results in an improvement in catalytic activity of the synthesized catalysts and the rate of hydrogen generation through using them. This achievement were successfully proved for all three NiB, CoB and NiCoB catalysts, although it was more pronounced for CoB so that it was possible to produce 1.4 lit hydrogen in less than 13 s (12,923 ml·min^?1.g^?1_catalyst) by using 0.5 g of CoB catalyst synthesized at 0 °C.     

Preparation of CoB/ZIF-8 supported catalyst by single step reduction and its activity in hydrogen production

CoB/ZIF-8 supported catalysts were successfully prepared using Co/Zn-ZIF-8 as the precursor by single-step reduction, which was applied in hydrogen release from the hydrolysis of NaBH₄. Reducible Co ions of Co/Zn-ZIF-8 can be partially in-situ transformed into CoB by direct reduction, whereas ZIF-8 framework structure can be well preserved due to the resistance of Zn to reducing ambiences. Accordingly, CoB active components can be highly loaded onto ZIF-8 support to produce CoB/ZIF-8 catalysts. The texture evolution of Co/Zn-ZIF-8 during reduction was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms. Compared with the reduction of Co-ZIF-67, the framework structure of Co/Zn-ZIF-8 can be effectively preserved although Co ions of Co/Zn-ZIF-8 were partially reduced into cobalt-based alloy. In the hydrogen release from hydrolysis of NaBH₄, CoB/ZIF-8 supported catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity. The effect of NaOH concentration, NaBH₄ concentration and reaction temperature on hydrolysis reaction of NaBH₄ was deeply studied based on this catalyst. Compared with other published catalysts, this catalyst exhibits relatively low activation energy of about 57.72 kJ mol^?1.     

Highly efficient acid-treated cobalt catalyst for hydrogen generation from NaBH4 hydrolysis

The effect of cobalt-based catalysts, i.e. CoCl₂(20 wt% Co)/Al₂O₃ treated by different acids, on NaBH₄ hydrolysis was investigated. Five acids were used: oxalic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. Two ways of acid treatment were considered: (i) ex-situ addition of acid to CoCl₂(20 wt% Co)/Al₂O₃ at room temperature and (ii) in-situ addition by mixing CoCl₂, Al₂O₃ and acid (one-step process). Both ways showed that adding an acid to the catalyst contributed to an important increase of the catalytic activity towards the NaBH₄ hydrolysis. The best performances were obtained with the catalysts treated with either HCl or CH₃COOH as the global activity of CoCl₂(20 wt% Co)/Al₂O₃ was increased up to 50%.     

Ethylene glycol as an alternative solvent approach for very efficient hydrogen production from sodium borohydride with phosphoric acid and acetic acid catalysts

For the first time, phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) and acetic acid (CH₃COOH) catalysts were used for efficient hydrogen (H₂) production from sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) ethylene glycolysis reaction. In this experimental study, the effects of ethylene glycol/water ratio, ethylene glycol/acid ratio, NaBH₄ concentration, acid concentration, and temperature were investigated. These ethylene glycol/water ratio experiments showed that the use of water alongside ethylene glycol negatively affects H₂ production. The hydrogen generation rate (HGR) values obtained for this ethylene glycolysis reaction with 1 M H₃PO₄ and 1 M CH₃COOH catalysts are 5800 and 4542 mLmin^-1, respectively. Also, the completion times of ethylene glycolysis reactions with these acids are 8 and 10 s, respectively. The n value obtained for ethylene glycolysis reactions according to the power-law kinetic model was 0.50. The activation energies obtained with H₃PO₄ and CH₃COOH catalysts were 24.45 kJ mol^?1and 33.23 kJ mol^?1, respectively.     

Hydrogen generation from NaBH4 hydrolysis catalyzed by cobalt (0)-Deposited cross-linked polymer brushes: Optimization with an experimental design approach

Proposing a novel catalyst that achieves catalytic hydrolysis of metal hydrides is an important stage in developing a hydrogen storage system. In this study, a cross-linked gel brush-cobalt (0) composite (Co@P4VP_GB@PMC) has been synthesized to obtain hydrogen from NaBH₄ solution. The morphology, structure, and composition of the obtained catalyst have been characterized by, FTIR, SEM, EDX, BET, XRD, ICP-MS and XPS. The parameters that significantly affect the hydrolysis of NaBH₄ (such as NaBH₄ concentration, NaOH amount, catalyst amount, and temperature) have been investigated using response surface methodology (RSM), an optimization method that has gained increasing importance in recent years. The hydrogen generation rate (HGR) was 4499 mL/min g_cat for Co@P4VP_GB@PMC when the NaBH₄ amount was 241.52 mM, NaOH amount 5 wt%, catalyst amount 10.55 mg and temperature 58.9 °C. Moreover, the apparent activation energy (E_a) for the catalytic hydrolysis reaction has been 41.27 kJmol^-1 obtained under optimum conditions. Additionally, the Co@P4VP_GB@PMC catalyst displayed significant reusability performance for up to five cycles without major loss of its activity. Compared with metal catalysts, this new cross-linked polymer gel brush-cobalt catalyst has excellent potential applications for hydrogen production by hydrolysis of metal hydrides due to its simple synthesis, low cost, and the easy availability of raw materials.     

Synthesis of Ni/TiO2 catalyst by sol-gel method for hydrogen production from sodium borohydride

Hydrogen is a sustainable, renewable and clean energy carrier that meets the increasing energy demand. Pure hydrogen is produced by the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) using a catalyst. In this study, Ni/TiO₂ catalysts were synthesized by the sol-gel technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. The effects of Ni loading ratio (20–40%), catalyst amount (75–200 mg), the concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 0.25–1 M), initial amount of NaBH₄ (75–125 mg) and the reaction temperature (20–60 °C) on hydrogen production performance were examined. The hydrogen yield (100%) and hydrogen production rate (110.87 mL/g_cat.min) were determined at the reaction conditions of 5 mL of 0.25 M NaOH, 100 mg NaBH₄, 100 mg Ni/TiO₂, 60 °C. Reaction order and activation energy were calculated as 0.08 and 25.11 kJ/mol, respectively.     

Magnetic dendritic KCC-1 nanosphere-supported cobalt composite as a separable catalyst for hydrogen generation from NaBH4 hydrolysis

The introduction of magnetism into a catalyst can greatly optimize its separation performance. In the present work, a kind of magnetically separable catalysts for promoting NaBH₄ hydrolysis have been fabricated by anchoring cobalt nanoparticles on magnetic dendritic KCC-1 nanospheres composed of magnetic Fe₃O₄ core and fibrous shell. The fabricated catalysts were characterized with various characterization methods, including absorption spectroscopy (AAS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electronic microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), etc. This kind of catalysts exhibit high catalytic activity for promoting the hydrolysis of NaBH₄ under alkaline conditions, giving a hydrogen generation rate and activation energy of 3.83 L min⁻¹ g_Co⁻¹ (30 °C) and 53.63 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. After used for 5 cycles, the catalyst showed 36.5% catalytic activity reserved. Most importantly, the magnetism of the catalyst made it easily separated and recycled from the solution after the reaction completed. The development of this kind of catalysts could provide a promising option for catalyzing NaBH₄ hydrolysis for portable hydrogen production from.     

Effects of blast furnace slag (BFS) and cobalt-boron (Co-B) on hydrogen production from sodium boron hydride

In the present paper, the blast furnace slag (BFS) supported Co-B catalyst were investigated in detail. The impregnation-chemical reduction method was used while hydrochloric (HCl) acid treated BFS samples (BFS⁺) were prepared. Catalyst samples were analyzed in three main groups as base BFS (BFS⁰), BFS⁰-Co-B and BFS⁺-Co-B. The effects of these catalyst samples on hydrogen production from the solid-state sodium boron hydride (NaBH₄) are analyzed in this study. The effects of some parameters such as the ingredients of blast furnace slag, the molarity of hydrochloric acid treatment, the Co percentages and the solution temperatures were investigated on the hydrolysis performance of NaBH₄. The NaBH₄ hydrolysis reaction with the BFS⁰ is treated by the BFS⁺-Co-B-20% catalyst was completed approximately 25 min and the hydrolysis reaction with the BFS⁰-Co-B-20% catalyst was completed approximately 20 min whereas the hydrolysis reaction of NaBH₄ was completed in 1 h 35 min. The hydrogen production rates at pre-heated to max 40, 50 and 60 °C were measured as 55.12, 64.47 and 70.41 L/min.g_catalyst, respectively. According to another result of the study, the high-efficiency solid-state BFS-Co-B & NaBH₄ mixtures were covered with the PVA (Polyvinyl alcohol) film to make them more resistant to environmental effects such as humidity.