Lead-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted tremendous attention during the past few years owing to their extraordinary electronic and photonic properties.To improve the performances of PSCs,many researchers have focused on the compositional engineering,solvent engineering,and film fabrication methodologies.Interfacial engineering of PSCs has become a burgeoning field in which researchers aim to deeply understand the mechanisms of cells and thereby increase the efficiency and stability of PSCs.This review focuses on the interface tailoring of lead-halide PSCs,including the modification of each layer of the cell structure (i.e.,perovskite absorber,electron-transport layers,and holetransport layers) and the interfacial materials that can be introduced into the PSCs. 相似文献
Lead halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been rapidly developed in the past decade.Owing to its excellent power conversion efficiency with robust and low-cost fabrication,perovskite quickly becomes one of the most promising candidates for the next-generation photovoltaic technology.With the development of PSCs,the interface engineering has witnessed its increasingly critical role in maximizing the device performance as well as the long-term stability,because the interfaces in PSCs are closely correlated with the defect management,carrier dynamics and surface passivation.This review focuses on interfacial modification between the perovskite active layer and the charge transport layer,as well as the recent advances on high-efficiency and stable PSCs driven by interface engineering strategies.The contributing roles of interface engineering in terms of defect passivation,inhibiting ion migration,optimization of energy band alignment and morphological control are discussed.Finally,based on the latest progress and advances,strategies and opportunities for the future research on interface engineering for PSCs are proposed to promote the development of perovskite photovoltaic technology. 相似文献
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are attracting tremendous attention for new-generation photovoltaic devices because of their excellent power conversion efficiency and simple fabrication process. One of the various approaches to increase the efficiency of PSCs is to change the material or structure of the carrier transport layer. Here, optically long and electrically short structural concept is proposed to enhance the characteristics of a PSC by employing selectively grown single crystalline TiO2 nanorods. The approach has the merit of increasing the electron-hole separation effectively and enables a thicker active layer to be coated without electrical loss by using TiO2 nanorods as an electron pathway. Moreover, selectively grown TiO2 nanorods increase the optical path of the incident light via scattering effects and enable a smooth coating of the active layer. Nanoimprint lithography and hydrothermal growth were employed to fabricate selectively grown TiO2 nanorod substrates. The fabricated solar cell exhibits an efficiency of 19.86% with a current density, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor of 23.13 mA/cm2, 1.120 V, and 76.69%, respectively. Time-resolved photoluminescence, ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and the incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) analysis were conducted to understand the factors responsible for the improvement in characteristics of the fabricated PSCs.
In a few years only, solar cells using hybrid organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites as optical absorber have reached record photovoltaic energy conversion efficiencies above 20%. To reach and overcome such values, it is required to tailor both the electrical and optical properties of the device. For a given efficient device, optical optimization overtakes electrical one. Here, we provide a synthetic review of recent works reporting or proposing so-called optical management approaches for improving the efficiency of perovskite solar cells, including the use of anti-reflection coatings at the front substrate surface, the design of optical cavities integrated within the device, the incorporation of plasmonic or dielectric nanostructures into the different layers of the device and the structuration of its internal interfaces. We finally give as outlooks some insights into the less-explored management of the perovskite fluorescence and its potential for enhancing the cell efficiency. 相似文献
A novel zinc phthalocyanine containing eight carboxyl groups was synthesized and utilized as a co-adsorbent with lutein for dye-sensitized solar cells enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The effects of various phthalocyanine/lutein mole ratios on the performances of the fabricated solar cells were investigated. The results showed that zinc octacarboxylic phthalocyanine aggregation decreased with the increasing lutein/phthalocyanine mole ratios and zinc octacarboxylic phthalocyanine fluorescence was strongly quenched due to energy transfer from the phthalocyanine to the excited lutein. The photoelectric conversion efficiency reached its maximum when zinc octacarboxylic phthalocyanine/lutein mole ratio was 4:1. Moreover, the charge-transfer resistances and electron lifetimes at the TiO2/dye/electrolyte interface also showed great dependency on the phthalocyanine/lutein mole ratios by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The density-functional theory calculation of zinc phthalocyanine suggests that the electronic cloud density distribution move from the phthalocyanine ring framework toward the anchoring carboxylic group and further to the conduction band of TiO2, which results in efficient electron transfer. 相似文献
A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between windings by electromagnetic induction while producing a considerable amount of heat in circuits. The heat produced in windings is removed by an appropriate heat transfer fluid such as liquid dielectrics. The cooling and insulating of a liquid dielectric depend on the properties of the oil filling the transformer. One of the approaches to enhance the thermal and dielectric properties of transformer oil is employing an appropriate nanoparticle in a transformer.In this paper, a three-phase distribution transformer is simulated three-dimensionally in order to study the heat transfer efficiency for pure oil (single phase) and nanofluid (TiO2 nanoparticles- transformer oil). For both models, the electromagnetic field in solid sections and heat transfer in fluid and solid sections of the transformer are simultaneously investigated. The simulation results show that the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles in the transformer oil increases the heat transfer coefficient, i.e. adding 1% (vol/vol) of TiO2 nanoparticles to the transformer oil increases the Nusselt number from 2.17 to 2.49, while the maximum temperature of transformer components decreases from 47.20?°C to 43.05?°C. 相似文献
Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) have been popular for achieving low-cost and stable photovoltaics. To overcome an obstacle of high-temperature annealing process for producing titanium dioxide (TiO2), CsPbI2Br C-PSCs based on a device structure of FTO/tin oxide (SnO2)/CsPbI2Br/carbon electrode can be fabricated at the low-temperature annealing process of 280 °C for 180 s, where SnO2 is used as the electron transporting layer (ETL). Experimental results showed that the suitable concentration of SnO2 ETL could yield smooth surface CsPbI2Br films with free-pinhole and larger grain-sized crystallization. In combination with prolonging annealing time, a champion power conversion efficiency of 9.68% with a larger open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.14 V was obtained for CsPbI2Br C-PSC based on SnO2 ETL. Here, a simple low-temperature fabricating process of SnO2 ETL can be adapted to flexible substrates for C-PSCs and furtherly reduce the manufacturing cost.
The core-shell nanocomposites of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and nickel oxide (NiO) used as modified photoelectrode materials in a quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (quasi-DSSC) were synthesized using TiO2 P-25 and a nickel acetate precursor, via ball milling. The as-obtained intermediate products were annealed at 350, 450, and 550 degrees C. The structural properties of the NiO/TiO2 nanocomposites were well characterized via X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results imply that NiO-shell-coated TiO2 nanoparticles can be obtained with the assistance of sufficient thermal energy in the system. The crystallite size of the composite increased as the annealing temperature increased. Among all the prepared conditions, the composite with 0.1 wt% NiO exhibited the best performance, with an optimized solar-energy conversion efficiency of 2.29% and with a short-circuit current density of 7.21 mA/cm2. The significant enhancement of the device's current density may be associated with the charge recombination suppression by the NiO shell, which acted as a potential barrier in the composite. The decrease in the recombination of the photo-injected electrons, and the increase in the number of electrons tunneling through the NiO layer at the interface, may have resulted from the presence of a NiO layer on the TiO2 nanoparticles. 相似文献