同轴直射流与旋转射流组合的双射流湍流流场数值模拟

摘要：直射流与旋转射流分别具有能量传递距离长与能量传递分布面积大的优点，为了尽可能的提高射流能量利用，本文提出了结合两者优点的同轴直射流和旋转射流组成的新型双射流。对淹没条件下的组合双射流流场特性，进行数值模拟研究。采用RNGκ-ε模型和高精度QUICK离散格式，得出了不同速度组合下双射流流场的直射流轴心速度衰减和旋转射流旋转速度衰减规律，速度矢量图，量化分析了射流结构对流场结构的影响。计算结果表明，在喷嘴压降一定时，存在三种轴心速度衰减曲线，当旋转射流轴向速度高于门限速度的情况下，射流衰减速度最慢。另外，直射流与旋转射流轴心衰减曲线存在很大差异，要提高双射流能量利用，内外喷嘴的流量分配至关重要。     

变密度旋拧射流的线性稳定性分析

用正则模方法研究了变密度无粘旋拧射流线性稳定性特征。对于离心稳定的基本流速度剖面,在解析地得到色散关系之后,分析了不同参数情况下各种失稳机制在流场中的作用,考察了表面张力、旋拧、密度比等因素对扰动增长率的影响。     

双射流流动结构实验研究

应用PIV实验方法对由直射流和同心的环状旋转射流组成的双射流流场进行了测量，并分析研究了流场的速度和旋度变化规律。分析表明，双射流等速核长度较小，仪约为5倍喷距；随喷距的增加其多股射流特性逐渐减弱，其主要原因为直射流和旋转射流在交界面上很强的剪切作用；旋转射流的径向发展因受直射流吸附作用的影响而减小，相应直射流速度在喷嘴轴线上的衰减则增加。在4-6倍喷距间的旋转射流速度突然下降和相应位置处旋度场的涡环都显示该处可能存在较强的空化现象，而大大提升双射流的能力。     

空心圆柱形液体射流分裂与雾化机理的研究

本文采用线性稳定性分析的方法推导出了普遍三维形式下的空心圆柱射流自由表面扰动发展的特征方程.数值计算结果表明当空心圆柱内半径很小时与圆柱形液体射流的结果是一致的.数值计算还表明,当Je＜1时,空心圆柱射流分裂雾化形态与Ah数(内半径与液膜厚度比)的大小有很大关系,当Ah数较小时射流分裂雾化是轴对称扰动模态与非轴对称扰动模态基本相同,当Ah数较大时非轴对称扰动模态占绝对优势;在Je＞1时,所对应的分裂形态是轴对称模态占绝对优势.     

水下气体射流初期数值研究

本文提出了一种新的水下气体射流的数学物理模型，并成功地将位标函数方法应用于水下气体射流气水交界面求解，数值模拟了水下气体射流初期的流动演化和气水相互作用特性，得到了气水全耦合的水下气体射流喷射初期的流场形态及其演化过程，定性结论与实验吻合。     

埋设管道平面射流冲蚀沙床的试验研究

为认识埋设管道射流冲蚀沙床形成异重流的排沙效果,开展了不同射流因素及沙床边界条件下的试验研究,分析了冲坑形态尺寸在不同试验变量下的变化规律及异重流运动特性。结果表明：冲坑发展过程分为三个阶段,冲蚀深度变化随时间逐渐变缓,冲坑二维形态相似,上下游坡面不对称,整体向下游发展;射流与沙床在一定坡度埋深、较小的沙床坡度和各喷嘴冲蚀形成独立冲坑的情况下,冲蚀效率较高;泥沙由射流冲蚀起动并在水流卷吸作用下形成浑水异重流,其实测浓度远大于水流挟沙力,实现了较高浓度的含沙水流远距离输移,表明这种方法具有较高的清淤效率,具备一定可行性。     

横流均匀环境中三维线源型正负浮力射流特性研究

本文利用混合有限分析法及交错网格。对横流均匀环境中三维线源型正负浮力射流及负浮力射流的特性进行研究，分析了不同工况下流速，温度和湍动能在断面上的分布及影响射流轨迹线的因素，讨论了轨迹线上温度的变化及浮力射流的贴壁现象。对三维长线源型负浮力射流，分析了流速比，喷口弗汝德数对负浮力射流的影响。     

气固两相射流的数值研究

本文根据ＰＳＩ－Ｃｅｌｌ模型，用差分法计算，分析了喷嘴内的气固两相流动和喷嘴外的自由射流，不计颗粒间的相互作用，粒子自旋，粒子和固壁间的碰撞模型为非规则模型，并将部分计算结果与实验作了比较，吻合良好，计算结果表明在气－固两相射流中，粒径大的粒子比密度小的粒子其轴线速度衰减得慢，而密度的变化却对粒子的扩散快慢影响不大。     

同流中三孔热水浮射流流速场特性的数值模拟

采用FLUENT软件中的Reynolds应力模型对同流中三孔热水浮射流在不同孔间距,不同射流温度,不同流速比情况下的速度场进行了数值模拟,得到了各种工况下速度的分布情况及衰减情况,并对数值模拟结果进行了对比分析,得到了一些有益的规律.     

均匀横流环境中铅直圆形射流数值研究

本文采用标准k-ε模型及混合有限分析法对均匀横流环境中铅直圆形射流进行了系统的数值研究。所得射流轨迹线与实验资料吻合很好，且与理论分析得到的（z/D)∞（x/D）^1/3是一致的，文中得出了各种射流比情况下的射流轨迹线，对称面上射流影响区域内外边界线的统一表达式，得出了水平面上示踪质影响的最大宽度，射流横断面浓度最大值偏离射流中心线的偏离值与射流比的关系式，得出了沿射流轨迹线示综质浓度与质点所经相对路径长成线性关系的结果。还得出了射流是否发生附壁及产生分叉现象的界限值。文中数值结果清晰地显示射流背流面存在马蹄形的流动结构。     

悬沙冲淤问题的湍流两相模型

在双流体模型框架内统一二阶矩两相湍流模型的基础上，建立了改进的悬沙冲淤问题的湍流两相模型-湍流代数应力模型，这一模型不仅能反映两相湍流的各向异性特征，并且更深刻揭示了悬沙颗粒与流体的湍流相互作用的机理，以及浮力、回流及旋流等的影响。适用于河口悬沙冲淤及水库泥沙异重流等工程问题的模拟计算。     

INSTABILITY OF GAS/LIQUID COAXIAL JET

In this article the emphasis was given to the discussion of the effects of diameter ratio and swirling on instability character for the gas/liquid coaxial jet used by Liao, et al.[1]. The results indicate that the finite diameter ratio markedly increases the maximum growth rate, the most unstable wavenumber, as well as the cutoff wavenumber. It implies that the finite diameter ratio will lead to the liquid jet breakup length shorter and the liquid drop size smaller. The effect of the swirling jets is much more complex:for the axisymmetric perturbation mode, the swirling enhances the flow stability, for helical perturbation, the dominant instability mode occurs at n<0. And it is found that in long wave region there exists a new kind of instability modes at n=1 that was not mentioned in Liao et al.'s article. For this new mode, there appears a dominated swirling ratio at which the flow has the maximum growth rate.     

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE CONICAL SWIRLING WATER JET FLOW

This paper is concerned with theoretical and experimental study on theconical swirling water jet flow.Based upon the theoretical analysis,the experiment on thestructural characteristics of swirling water jet flow including the velocity and pressure dis-tribution laws,on which the parameters of the jet,nozzle and directional blades havemore or less influence,was carried out in CSSRC by using a 3-D LDV in order to optimizea new high-efficiency jet instead of swirling drilling bit for rock-breaking and continuouslydrilling,and to meet the demand of radial horizontal drilling technology.Meanwhile basedon the experimental results,the numerical simulation was conducted for the conicalswirling water jet in the immersed well-bottom flow by solving the RANS equations in the3-D body-fitted coordinate system with the k-ε turbulence model.The numerical resultsare consistent with the experimental data,and lead to some conclusions which are impor-tant for applying the conical swirling water jet to the petroleum drill     

PDA MEASUREMENTS OF TWO-PHASE FLOW STRUCTURE AND PARTICLE DISPERSION FOR A PARTICLE-LADEN JET IN CROSSFLOW

The two-phase flow structure and particle dispersion for a dilute particle-laden jet in crossflow(JICF) were experimentally investigated by means of Phase Doppler Anemometry(PDA) measurement.The two-phase flow experiments were conducted for different flow conditions and solid particle parameters,including the ratio of the jet velocity to crossflow velocity,the particle size and mass loading.The experimental results indicate that the fine particles with the size of 70 micron and the mass loading of 0.05% hav...     

Numerical simulation of slurry jets using mixture model

Slurry jets in a static uniform environment were simulated with a two-phase mixture model in which flow-particle interactions were considered. A standard k-ε turbulence model was chosen to close the governing equations. The computational results were in agreement with previous laboratory measurements. The characteristics of the two-phase flow field and the influences of hydraulic and geometric parameters on the distribution of the slurry jets were analyzed on the basis of the computational results. The calculated results reveal that if the initial velocity of the slurry jet is high, the jet spreads less in the radial direction. When the slurry jet is less influenced by the ambient fluid (when the Stokes number St is relatively large), the turbulent kinetic energy k and turbulent dissipation rate ε, which are relatively concentrated around the jet axis, decrease more rapidly after the slurry jet passes through the nozzle. For different values of St, the radial distributions of streamwise velocity and particle volume fraction are both self-similar and fit a Gaussian profile after the slurry jet fully develops. The decay rate of the particle velocity is lower than that of water velocity along the jet axis, and the axial distributions of the centerline particle streamwise velocity are self-similar along the jet axis. The pattern of particle dispersion depends on the Stokes number St. When St = 0.39, the particle dispersion along the radial direction is considerable, and the relative velocity is very low due to the low dynamic response time. When St = 3.08, the dispersion of particles along the radial direction is very little, and most of the particles have high relative velocities along the streamwise direction.     

Numerical simulation of the abrasive supercritical carbon dioxide jet: The flow field and the influencing factors

The supercritical carbon dioxide(SC-CO_2) jet can break rocks at higher penetration rates and lower threshold pressures than the water jet. The abrasive SC-CO_2 jet, formed by adding solid particles into the SC-CO_2 jet, is expected to achieve higher operation efficiency in eroding hard rocks and cutting metals. With the computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation method, the characteristics of the flow field of the abrasive SC-CO_2 jet are analyzed, as well as the main influencing factors. Results show that the two-phase axial velocities of the abrasive SC-CO_2 jet is much higher than those of the abrasive water jet, when the pressure difference across the jet nozzle is held constant at 20 MPa, the optimal standoff distance for the largest particle impact velocity is approximately 5 times of the jet nozzle diameter; the fluid temperature and the volume concentration of the abrasive particles have modest influences on the two-phase velocities, the ambient pressure has a negligible influence when the pressure difference is held constant. Therefore the abrasive SC-CO_2 jet is expected to assure more effective erosion and cutting performance. This work can provide guidance for subsequent lab experiments and promote practical applications.     

固液两相流中颗粒受力及其对垂向分选的影响

在不同颗粒浓度条件下，通过考虑颗粒之间的相互作用，对固液两相流中的颗粒受力进行了分析。采用拉格朗日方法对颗粒在一维两相流中垂向运动过程进行了模拟。根据两相流中颗粒分选达到准稳定状态时的分选特征，探讨了作用于颗粒的各种力对颗粒的各种力对颗粒运动和分选结构的影响。推导出颗粒受力与颗粒分选机理之间的关系。     

数字图像处理技术在固-液两相流实验中的应用

本文开发研制了一个能直观描述固体颗粒在流场中的运动轨迹和速度矢量分布的人机交互数字图像处理系统软件，并把它用于固－液两相流的实验研究。结果表明，数字图像处理技术能够很好地用于分析悬浮颗粒在紊流中的跟随运动特征（速度分布、轨迹等），悬浮颗粒在紊流中的跟随运动取决于颗粒的粒径、密度和流体流动状况等因素。     

数字图像处理技术在固—液两相流实验中的应用

本文开发研制了一种能直观描述固体颗粒在流场中的运动轨迹和速度矢量分布的人机交互数字图像处理系统软件，并把它用于固－液两相流的实验研究。