改性聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗冻性能试验研究

通过对掺改性聚丙烯仿钢丝纤维和聚丙烯混杂纤维(改性聚丙烯仿钢丝纤维和聚丙烯纤维)混凝土进行"快冻法"试验,比较不同纤维掺量组合的混凝土经历预定冻融循环次数后的质量损失、动弹性模量以及相对动弹性模量,研究改性聚丙烯纤维及混杂纤维对普通混凝土抗冻性能的影响。试验结果表明:掺入改性聚丙烯仿钢丝纤维有助于增加混凝土的冻融循环使用寿命,提升混凝土的抗冻性能;而且混杂纤维的抗冻效果好于单掺改性聚丙烯纤维。     

改性聚丙烯纤维混凝土碳化试验研究

采用快速碳化试验对掺入改性聚丙烯粗纤维和聚丙烯粗细混杂纤维(改性纤维与未改性纤维组合)的混凝土进行碳化,测定掺加不同纤维组合混凝土3,8,28 d的碳化深度,并与普通混凝土碳化深度进行对比,研究改性聚丙烯纤维和聚丙烯混杂纤维对混凝土抗碳化性能的影响。试验结果表明:在混凝土中单掺改性聚丙烯纤维使混凝土的碳化深度有所上升,而掺加聚丙烯混杂纤维纤维能改善混凝土的抗碳化性能,其效果优于单掺改性聚丙烯纤维和普通混凝土。     

硅烷偶联剂改性聚丙烯纤维水泥砂浆性能研究

考察不同的聚丙烯纤维掺加工艺对水泥砂浆的作用效果,研究聚丙烯纤维不同掺量对水泥砂浆力学性能的影响。采用硅烷偶联剂对聚丙烯纤维进行表面改性并进行增强砂浆实验,结果表明：改性聚丙烯纤维对水泥砂浆的增强效果更好。利用扫描电子显微镜对聚丙烯纤维增强水泥砂浆试样进行微观形貌分析,初步探讨改性聚丙烯纤维增强水泥砂浆的作用机理。     

聚丙烯纤维与钢纤维喷射混凝土弯曲韧性的对比

随着聚丙烯纤维和钢纤维掺量的增加，纤维混凝土弯曲韧性指标提高。纤维掺量为体积1．03％的聚丙烯纤维混凝土等效弯拉强度仅相当于纤维掺量为体积0．45％的钢纤维混凝土。改性聚丙烯纤维混凝土取代钢纤维混凝土应用于喷射混凝土支护工程．尚需提高聚丙烯纤维弹性模量，并增加混凝土中聚丙烯纤维掺量。     

改性聚丙烯纤维对水泥砂浆力学性能的影响

利用水相悬浮法在聚丙烯纤维表面接枝丙烯酸,对聚丙烯纤维表面进行了改性.研究了改性聚丙烯纤维对水泥砂浆力学性能的影响.利用扫描电镜(SEM),Nicolet傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(IR)对改性聚丙烯纤维表面形貌、表面活性官能团和水泥砂浆试样断口形貌进行了分析.结果表明:经过改性处理的聚丙烯纤维表面接枝上了丙烯酸;与普通聚丙烯纤维增强水泥砂浆试样相比,改性聚丙烯纤维增强水泥砂浆试样的抗折强度明显提高.     

冻融后聚丙烯纤维细石混凝土力学性能研究

通过聚丙烯纤维细石混凝土的冻融循环试验,研究了聚丙烯纤维掺量、冻融循环次数、细石混凝土强度等级对冻融循环作用下聚丙烯纤维细石混凝土基本力学性能的影响,探讨了聚丙烯纤维对细石混凝土抗冻性能的增强机理。试验结果表明:聚丙烯纤维细石混凝土的抗压强度、劈拉强度和抗折强度随冻融次数的增加而降低;聚丙烯纤维的加入及细石混凝土强度等级的提高是改善聚丙烯纤维细石混凝土抗冻性能的有效途径。     

聚丙烯纤维混凝土的性能与应用趋势

介绍了聚丙烯纤维基本物理性质,分析了聚丙烯纤维对混凝土的作用机理,介绍总结了聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗收缩性、抗冲击性、抗渗性、抗冻融性、耐磨损性,并提出聚丙烯纤维高性能混凝土发展方向与重点,为聚丙烯纤维混凝土的应用前景提供了参考意见。     

改性聚丙烯纤维对水泥砂浆抗冲击性能的影响

采用过氧化苯甲酰作引发剂,利用水相悬浮法在聚丙烯纤维表面接枝丙烯酸,对聚丙烯纤维进行表面改性;对聚丙烯纤维增强水泥砂浆试样进行抗冲击强度测试。研究了改性聚丙烯纤维对砂浆抗冲击性能的影响;对纤维表面形貌、纤维表面活性官能团以及试样断口形貌进行了分析,并对改性聚丙烯纤维增强水泥砂浆的机理进行了初步探讨。     

聚丙烯纤维增强混凝土的性能研究与应用前景

聚丙烯纤维相较于其他纤维材料而言具有更加优越的特性。本文介绍了聚丙烯纤维的发展应用和主要性能,着重阐明了聚丙烯纤维混凝土的力学性能、耐久性和耐高温性;并介绍了目前聚丙烯纤维混凝土在土木工程领域的主要应用,还提出了聚丙烯纤维高性能混凝土在土木工程领域中的研究前景。     

聚丙烯纤维水泥砂浆的试验研究

聚丙烯纤维水泥砂浆在锚杆灌浆等工程中能增加锚固段的锚固力,提高砂浆的抗裂能力,减少预应力损失,简化施工工艺等。通过试验研究不同规格,不同掺量的纤维所配得的聚丙烯纤维水泥砂浆的抗压强度、抗折强度,得出聚丙烯纤维水泥砂浆的合理配合比;通过试验研究聚丙烯纤维水泥砂浆和普通水泥砂浆的粘结抗剪强度,表明:聚丙烯纤维对水泥砂浆有改性作用;聚丙烯纤维水泥砂浆的粘结抗剪强度比同等条件的普通水泥砂浆高;聚丙烯纤维水泥砂浆配制方便、施工工艺简单。     

浅议由传统建筑观引发的中西宗教建筑差异

指出中西方传统建筑观有着本质的不同,从而导致中西方宗教建筑在造型、审美、尺度等方面有明显的区别,通过从中西方对建筑的物质性与精神性的不同认识出发,分析了由此引发的中西方宗教建筑的差异。     

玻璃钢锚杆托盘及螺母极限应力和位移分析

为了研究支护用锚杆在极限应力作用下力学特性,建立了锚杆托盘及螺母的有限元模型,采用ANSYS程序对螺母及托盘的应力、位移进行了数值仿真分析。研究了托盘及螺母在极限应力下的接触特征;绘制了托盘及螺母的应力云图,得到了托盘及螺母内部的应力、位移分布情况。结果表明,托盘边缘及托盘内部大小圆盘连接位置较为危险;螺母中间位置由于受托盘的挤压容易发生破坏;加肋可以提高锚杆的极限承载力,为结构的优化提供借鉴。     

堆土加卸载与基坑开挖叠加对既有隧道变形的影响研究

针对堆土加卸载与基坑开挖叠加效应导致既有地铁隧道变形较大的问题,建立考虑加卸载叠加效应影响的三维空间分析模型,研究不同堆土加卸载叠加基坑开挖卸载模式对邻近地铁隧道变形规律的影响,探讨隧道在堆土加载、移土卸载再叠加基坑开挖下的变形规律。结果表明:正上方堆土加卸载对隧道的竖向位移影响较大,是侧向堆土加卸载的3倍～5倍; 在经历堆土加卸载后,隧道会残留不可忽视的变形,其残留竖向位移约为加载后位移的62%; 堆土加卸载叠加侧方基坑开挖时,隧道变形受基坑开挖深度的影响较大,大于隧道埋深的开挖阶段会加剧隧道变形; 4种叠加模式中,正上方堆土加卸载-侧方基坑开挖卸载隧道最终竖向位移最大,约17 mm,侧方堆土加卸载-异侧基坑开挖卸载隧道最终水平位移最大,约8 mm,邻近隧道施工时应充分考虑叠加效应的影响,尽量避免这两种情况。     

Environmental affordances and children’s needs: Insights from child-friendly community streets in China

With rapid urbanization in China, an increasing building density has squeezed the urban public space. Community streets are occupied by motor vehicles or other functions, and can no longer sufficiently support children to carry out safe and independent activities. As an important space for children’s daily natural contact and social activities, the lack of the spatial function of streets results in a decline in children’s subjective initiative and social abilities. The United Nations has stressed the importance of community as the basic unit of space for children’s daily activities in building child friendly cities. It is urgent to reshape child-friendly community streets and support children’s healthy growth. Integrating previous research results on affordance theory and design, children’s growth and environment, and street-game spaces, this study focuses on investigating 23 community streets in four residential communities in Nanjing through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and other methods. Then, from the perspective of cognitive affordance, functional affordance, and social affordance, it analyzes the behavioral possibilities provided by the environment and the needs of the children-user group. Finally, from the perspectives of openness and security, preference and diversity, positive and negative, and reality and potential, it proposes a method to assess the existing environment. This study aims to extract the significant characteristics of the built environment that effectively support and promote children’s outdoors activities, and explore the design strategy of improving street space sharing through optimizing space elements and structure at the medium and micro levels, so as to respond to multiple goals including livable city development from the perspective of child friendliness. This study also tries to change the logical way of design thinking and provide an eco-psychological perspective on how to build a child-friendly community.     

故宫古建筑石勾栏的安装工艺技术

本文以石勾栏为研究对象,阐明了石勾栏的构成与榫卯连接特点,对石勾栏的地栿、望柱、栏板安装工艺做法进行论述,并对石勾栏安装中的灌浆、砌筑以及勾缝所用材料和工艺做法做了调查分析。     

Magnetoelastische Spannkraftmessung in Bauwerken

Magnetoelastic Measurement of Prestressing Force in Civil Structures The knowledge of the tensile force of prestressing steel elements and its reliable and non‐destructive determination are of essential importance for the assessment of the structural health condition of prestressed concrete structures and tie‐back systems in terms of structural safety, serviceability and durability. For the evaluation of the prestressing force in steel tension members, the measurement technique presented in this contribution is using the magneto‐elastic effect (ME‐effect) of ferromagnetic materials. This effect describes the reverse‐proportional correlation between the mechanical stress and the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials. The cylindrical coiled sensors pushed over the tendon and the measuring device developed and practically optimized at the iBMB/MPA of the TU Braunschweig enable a fast and reliable measurement of the prestressing steel force after an initial calibration. In this contribution first the state of the art of prestress measurement techniques for steel tension members is presented. Afterwards, the ME‐measuring method with the basics and merits of magneto‐elastic prestressing force identification is shown. Further recent research results as well as several building applications will be discussed.     

Abbeystead Outfall Works: Background to Repairs and Modifications – and Lessons Learned

The explosion at the Abbeystead valve house in May 1984, with its attendant loss of life and injury, forcibly drew the attention of the public to the dangers of methane and other natural gases. It also reaffirmed to the water industry and engineering professions the pervasive nature of the gas and the need to take appropriate measures in the construction, design and operation of any scheme which involves a possible methane presence. The investigations into the source and mechanism of the methane gas ingress, and the design of the permanent repairs and modifications to the scheme, have illustrated many of the risks and problems associated with methane and the measures for dealing with them.
The paper describes the essential repairs and modifications which had to be carried out, the main lessons learned, and the recommendations which are felt to be applicable to new and existing water schemes where methane may be present.     

案例分析在建筑设计教学中的运用

案例分析与解读是模仿在设计教学中的应用和深化。就案例分析与解读的作用、本质以及在设计教学中的应用进行了论述,旨在探讨案例分析在教学运用中的合理模式和正确途径。     

基于点云的钢筋数量和间距自动检查算法

为改进钢筋骨架质量自动检查方法,提出了基于点云的钢筋骨架中钢筋数量和钢筋间距的自动检查算法。该算法在获取钢筋骨架实际点云和设计点云的基础上,首先对这两片点云分别进行降采样,以得到空间密集程度相同的钢筋骨架实际点云和设计点云; 其次,对降采样后的钢筋骨架实际点云和设计点云使用基于主成分分析(PCA)的方法进行粗配准。由于粗配准后的钢筋骨架实际点云和设计点云的配准精度较低,无法直接用于钢筋数量和钢筋间距的检查,对粗配准后的钢筋骨架实际点云和设计点云进行精配准。最后,基于精配准得到的钢筋骨架实际点云和设计点云,依次对钢筋骨架中的钢筋数量和钢筋间距进行检查。结果表明:精配准后的钢筋骨架实际点云和设计点云的配准精度较高,可以用于钢筋数量和钢筋间距的检查; 该算法对钢筋数量检查的准确率为100%,对钢筋间距检查的准确率为80%; 应用该算法可以有效提高复杂钢筋骨架中钢筋数量和钢筋间距检查的效率,降低人工成本。     

Eutrophication: Assessment, Research and Management with Special Reference to Scotland's Freshwaters

In response to the extraordinarily high profile currently maintained by algae, this paper discusses aspects of pure and applied research on eutrophication. In addition to restating a number of issues which were raised decades ago when the importance of this environmental problem was first recognized, the following aspects are explored using data collected mainly over the last 20 years and referring primarily to Scottish studies: (i) algal-nutrient relations and the contrasting manner in which nitrogen and phosphorus enter freshwaters and are sequestered by planktonic organisms; (ii) estimates of the loadings of phosphorus to freshwaters from various sources; (iii) the effects on our perception of algal problems and the use to which the waters are intended; (iv) the extent and limitations of existing scientific knowledge about eutrophication, and its application to the formulation and execution of eutrophication control strategies; and (v) the arguments for maintaining in-depth limnological surveillance programmes.