景观水体富营养化处理方法的研究进展

景观水体富营养化已经成为国内外水环境污染严重的问题,文章总结了景观水体富营养化的污染现状。从物理方法、化学方法和生物方法综述了处理景观水体富营养化的方法,概述了物理方法、化学方法和生物方法处理景观水体富营养化的优点和缺点。提出了将物理方法、化学方法和生物方法相结合的方式处理景观水体的富营养化。     

臭氧浓度的测定

评论了测定臭氧浓度的主要方法,并进行了以磷酸盐和硼酸作缓冲溶液的化学方法,紫外光吸收法和电化学方法之间的试验对比。考虑了各种方法的优缺点,并推荐了适于橡胶试验方法所采用的标准参照方法。     

废塑料回收利用的研究进展

综述了塑料回收利用技术,重点介绍了回收利用过程中涉及的分选方法、物理回收方法和化学回收方法,分析了各方法的技术特点,提出了各方法的优点和局限性,并展望了废塑料回收利用的研究方向。     

复杂两相流中界面追踪方法——VOSET的性能分析

界面追踪方法-VOSET(coupled Volume-of-Fluid and Level Set method)结合了VOF和Level Set两种方法的优点,克服了这两种方法的缺点.VOSET方法采用VOF方法捕捉两相间的界面,保持了两相间的质量守恒,克服了Level Set方法质量不守恒的缺点;利用几何计算方法...     

纳米氧化铁的制备工艺及其进展

总结了当前制备纳米氧化铁的各种方法,对一些传统的方法进行了详细分类,介绍了一些交叉制备的方法,阐述了液相制备的一些新方法等,同时对各种制备方法的工艺原理及特点进行了比较,说明了各种方法的优缺点.     

精馏塔的控制方法浅析

介绍了精馏塔的一般调节方法,分别阐述了精馏塔塔压的控制方法、塔釜温度的控制方法、塔顶温度的控制方法、塔釜液面的控制方法。阐述了加压塔和常压塔塔压的调节方法;介绍了通过控制塔釜蒸汽进气量控制塔釜温度;阐明了控制回流量和回流温度控制塔顶温度的方法;介绍了塔釜液面稳定的重要性以及如何控制塔釜液面稳定的方法。最后阐明了塔的能够维持正常操作的其它的约束条件。     

纳米碳管纯化处理的研究进展

概述了当前纳米碳管纯化处理的研究现状，简单介绍了物理纯化方法和化学纯化方法的特点，详细介绍了液相氧化法、气相氧化法和多种方法联用的纯化方法，并对纯化方法的趋势作了展望。     

松辽盆地深层天然气井气测解释方法及其适用性评价

列举了目前大庆油田综合录井气测解释工作的3种解释方法,阐述了这3种方法判断标准的建立和解释图版的形成,并对这3种方法进行了适用性的评价,提出了一些可行的改进方法。最后,基于对录井气测解释工作的认识,总结了气测解释方法建立的一般过程,剖析了面临的困难和挑战,提出了一些方法建立过程中需要注意的事项。     

离心泵故障诊断方法的研究综述

主要介绍了目前离心泵故障诊断的几种方法,并对这几种方法的优缺点进行了比较,举出了一些诊断方法的应用实例进行了分析,对未来离心泵故障诊断方法进行了展望。     

工业冰乙酸国内外试验方法的研究及验证

本文对工业冰乙酸的试验方法进行了全面的分析研究,对现有标准中的方法和其他可能的方法进行了验证和比较,完善了试验方法,确立了对冰乙酸纯度及其微量杂质如丙酸、水分、甲酸、乙醛等进行准确定量的方法,为统一检测方法、实现质量的全面提升奠定了基础。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。