CdTe探测器对EAST托卡马克中20–200keV硬X射线测量

介绍了EAST托卡马克装置硬X射线诊断系统。该系统由探测器阵列和电子线路组成,探测器采用水平七道的碲化镉(CdTe)探测器阵列。在EAST托卡马克装置上建立了一套较完善的硬X射线能谱诊断系统,用来测量等离子体在硬X射线辐射能段(20–200 keV)的能谱。实验结果表明,该系统能满足测量相应能量范围的等离子体硬X射线轫致辐射要求。文中给出了碲化镉探测器的标定结果及典型的放电结果。     

EAST上软X射线能谱诊断系统的研制

采用多元硅漂移探测器(Silicon Drift Detector,SDD)阵列和快速处理电子学系统在EAST托卡马克上构建了一套性能优异的软X射线能谱诊断系统,用于测量等离子体内在软X射线能段(1-30 keV)的辐射能谱。本系统观测范围覆盖了EAST等离子体的下半空间,可在EAST上各种放电条件下获得电子温度分布。本系统具有较高的能量分辨率,可用于监测等离子体内的中高Z杂质。系统安装在EAST上并投入使用,验证了系统的可靠性和有效性并取得良好的实验结果。     

EAST全超导托卡马克上硅漂移探测器软X射线能谱诊断

采用性能优越的15道硅漂移探测器（SDD）阵列,在EAST全超导托卡马克上建立了1套较为完善的软X射线能谱诊断系统,用以测量等离子体在软X射线辐射能段(1～20keV)的能谱。该诊断系统的观测范围基本覆盖了整个等离子体空间,因此,可满足EAST不同放电位形下电子温度测量的要求。利用该诊断系统,可获得时间分辨达50ms、空间分辨约为7cm的电子温度剖面。通过对比发现,由该诊断系统所得到的电子温度与其它电子温度诊断系统所测量的电子温度基本一致。此外,该诊断系统还可监测在软X射线能量范围内出现的一些金属杂质的特征线辐射。     

金属膜电阻型辐射热探测器在EAST上的应用

介绍了托卡马克实验装置(EAST)上用于绝对测量辐射功率的金属膜电阻探测器测量系统。金属膜电阻型探测器采用经典的惠斯通电桥电路结构,结合正弦波激励的载频信号放大技术,该系统实现了对强电磁干扰环境下微弱信号的测量。EAST上的辐射功率测量系统为48路测量阵列,用于测量等离子体放电过程中辐射功率的时空演化。文中给出了对探测器进行绝对标定的结果和典型的测量结果。     

HT-6B上的硬X射线测量

HT-6B托卡马克一直对各种放电状态下硬X射线的辐射强度进行着常规监测。在HT-6B低q运行期间,测量并比较了放电不同阶段的硬X射线能谱,对硬X射线的锯齿振荡同软X射线的锯齿振荡做了对照分析。在最近HT-6B低杂波电流驱动实验中。同时观测了从等离子体内部发射的硬X射线和限制器上的厚靶轫致辐射。初步的分析表明它们产生于不同的发射机制。     

HT-6B上的硬X射线测量(英文)

HT-6B托卡马克一直对各种放电状态下硬X射线的辐射强度进行着常规监测。在HT-6B低q运行期间,测量并比较了放电不同阶段的硬X射线能谱,对硬X射线的锯齿振荡同软X射线的锯齿振荡做了对照分析。在最近HT-6B低杂波电流驱动实验中,同时观测了从等离子体内部发射的硬X射线和限制器上的厚靶轫致辐射。初步的分析表明它们产生于不同的发射机制。     

AXUV光电二极管探测器在聚变装置HL-2A热辐射测量系统上的应用

介绍应用pn结光伏效应制成探测器的光电探测原理及一种新型的AXUV光电二极管.中国环流器2号A(HL-2A)装置上利用新引进的AXUV光电二极管研制的热辐射测量系统成功地测量了该托卡马克装置中的热辐射损失.AXUV光电二极管探测器具有量子效应高、灵敏度高、响应快、抗电磁干扰能力强等优点;在实验中性能稳定,不易受干扰,并有很高的时间、空间分辨能力.     

软X相机冷却回路分析与测试

软X射线相机用于测量托卡马克装置放电时等离子体辐射的软X射线在空间上的分布.在真空室烘烤时,软X射线相机周围的温度会达到250℃,需对探测器进行冷却.针对软X射线相机冷却需求,主要介绍了软X相机闭循环冷却回路的设计结构,并对冷却回路进行了热学仿真分析及实验测试.高压冷却气体通过密闭管道与探测器的换热器进行热交换,热交换...     

YAG晶体在软X射线荧光靶探测器中的应用

荧光靶探测器是同步辐射光源光束位置定位的重要设备之一,本文在96 500 eV软X射线内对CVD金刚石薄片和Ce:YAG晶体薄片进行光致发光亮度的测试,观察到Ce:YAG在该能量段的发光亮度比金刚石高,完成了上海光源软X射线荧光靶探测器靶材的实验研究与探测器的设计;同时给出了YAG晶体荧光靶探测器在线使用时观察到的相干光的衍射图像。     

Z箍缩X射线源辐射场理论分析

利用Z箍缩等离子体辐射源产生X射线可开展脉冲X射线辐照材料动力学响应及热力学效应研究,而试验面处的辐射功率密度是热力学效应研究中最关心的参数。本文针对Z箍缩产生的软X射线辐射功率密度场分布,以理论分析和数值模拟为手段,将Z箍缩软X射线辐射源分别等效为线光源和朗伯辐射光源,获得了2种等效情况下X射线辐射功率密度场的分布。分析表明,在线光源等效情况下,远场分布为球面分布,符合距离平方反比关系,而近场则近似圆柱面分布,符合距离反比关系;在朗伯辐射光源等效情况下,远场分布为球面余弦调制分布,而近场分布近似圆柱面分布。等效模型分析结果均表明：对于长度为2 cm的Z箍缩软X射线辐射体,当试验样品放置位置距离Z箍缩光源大于5 cm后,试验面处的辐射功率密度即可视为远场情况,符合距离平方反比关系。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.