IHNI-1反应堆热工水力与瞬态特性分析

本文利用子通道程序PRTHA计算了IHNI-1反应堆堆芯热工参数,分析了IHNI-1反应堆堆芯燃料元件与冷却剂的温度场分布,同时给出了堆芯发生过冷沸腾时的功率计算结果。利用RELAP5程序分析了反应堆瞬态特性,以及堆芯瞬态参数随反应性的变化过程。通过本文的分析,表明IHNI-1反应堆具有较好的固有安全特性。     

板型燃料元件反应堆瞬态热工水力分析程序的开发与验证

针对核动力系统瞬态分析的需求,建立板型燃料反应堆的热工水力数学物理模型,开发了具有自主知识产权的核动力系统瞬态热工水力分析程序SYSTRAN,并采用中国先进研究堆（CARR堆）的设计工况和国际原子能机构（IAEA）基准题的堵流瞬态数据对程序进行了验证。计算结果表明,堆芯流量分配、出口温度等关键参数与验证数据吻合良好,初步证明了本程序适用于板型燃料反应堆系统瞬态热工水力分析。      

球床反应堆燃料元件脉冲气力提升动力特性分析

球床反应堆采用球形燃料元件多次通过堆芯的循环运行方式,燃料元件从堆芯底部连续单列排出后依靠管路气动推力逐一被提升至堆芯顶部。本文建立了球形燃料元件“近等径”管路脉冲气力提升运动模型,并在此基础上分析了气源压力、控制阀有效截面积、球外径与管内径的直径比等参数对提升过程燃料元件运行速度的影响。利用测速装置测量了10 MW球床反应实验堆提升器出口燃料元件的运行速度,实验结果接近理论分析结果。近等径球流管路脉冲气力提升运动模型的建立及实验研究为球床反应堆燃料输送系统优化设计及运行调控提供了理论依据。     

堆芯瞬态耦合模拟软件CTSS的开发与验证

瞬态堆芯耦合模拟软件CTSS V1.0是以节块法堆芯中子学计算软件NACK V1.0、热工水力子通道软件CORTH V2.0、燃料元件性能分析软件FUPAC V1.1为模块的耦合软件,用于模拟典型压水堆堆芯性能,计算瞬态运行物理、热工、燃料等专业参数。堆芯三维时空中子动力学软件NACK V1.0采用粗网节块法进行堆芯扩散计算,为子通道模块和燃料性能分析模块提供堆芯精细功率。CORTH V2.0用于计算反应堆堆芯冷却剂的温度和密度。FUPAC V1.1用于模拟燃料棒在堆内的热力学行为以及计算燃料棒有效温度。NEACRP-L-335压水堆基准问题验证计算结果表明,CTSS V1.0的计算结果与国际基准程序PARCS总体符合较好。     

西安脉冲堆反应性引入事故瞬态安全特性分析

为研究西安脉冲堆（XAPR）在意外引入反应性且停堆系统失效事故下的瞬态安全特性,本文基于XAPR的结构和运行特点,建立了适用于XAPR的瞬态热工水力分析模型,并开发了用于XAPR安全特性分析的瞬态热工水力程序TSAC-XAPR。利用TSAC-XAPR程序对反应性引入事故进行模拟计算,结果表明：当XAPR在额定功率范围内运行时,发生反应性引入事故后,堆芯能依靠自身的固有反馈机制使脉冲堆重新达到稳定运行状态;当运行功率过高尤其是超过临界值时,反应性引入事故将导致脉冲堆关键热工水力参数发生振荡,无法再次达到稳态。此外,不同反应性引入方式将影响堆芯参数在反应性引入过程中的变化趋势,但并不影响其最终稳态值。     

压水堆燃料辐照性能多物理耦合并行分析程序开发

核燃料元件是反应堆的核心部件,其性能影响反应堆的安全性与经济性,利用燃料元件性能分析程序开展燃料堆内稳态辐照性能分析对于燃料设计及安全评价具有重要意义。通过开发燃料温度分布、变形计算、裂变气体释放及内压等模型,结合燃料元件热工-力学多物理耦合计算分析耦合方案,基于先进并行计算方法构建了高性能并行化燃料性能分析程序Athena。利用典型商用压水堆核电站数据及同类程序计算结果进行了程序初步验证,结果表明Athena程序计算结果合理可靠。通过定义堆芯功率及热工水力边界条件,程序能够并行开展压水堆全堆芯燃料辐照性能分析,提高燃料辐照性能分析效率,是数值反应堆原型系统（CVR1.0）的重要组成。     

西安脉冲堆稳态堆芯脉冲运行安全性分析及新堆芯布置方案设计

通过对堆芯安全参数的理论计算,分析了西安脉冲堆稳态堆芯布置脉冲运行的可行性.在原设计稳态堆芯的基础上,给出两种新的堆芯布置方案,计算了两种设计方案的堆芯物理参数、安全参数和孔道参数.该项工作对今后简化例料程序、提高特定孔道参数、降低燃料元件破损事故发生概率具有一定的意义.     

热管冷却双模式空间堆堆芯稳态热工水力分析程序开发

为研究热管冷却双模式空间堆(HP-BSNR)堆芯稳态热工水力安全特性,基于改进后的双模式反应堆初步概念设计方案建立了其堆芯热工水力模型,包括推进模式和电源模式下的燃料元件单通道模型、换热模型、压降计算模型以及热管模型等,开发了堆芯稳态热工水力分析程序STHA_HPBSNR。采用文献的实验数据以及程序ELM的计算结果与程序STHA_HPBSNR的氢气物性计算模块和热力学参数计算模块进行对比,初步验证了程序STHA_HPBSNR用于双模式空间堆系统热力学稳态计算分析的可靠性。此外分析了不同换热关系式和摩擦阻力关系式对通道壁面温度的影响,为后续将STHA_HPBSNR程序应用于双模式空间堆堆芯瞬态安全分析奠定了基础。     

脉冲堆热工水力设计程序研制开发

介绍了中国核动力研究设计院自主开发的脉冲堆热工水力设计程序系统。它包括脉冲堆自然循环分析程序（MC－FLOW）、堆芯热工水力分析程序（MC－THAS）和脉冲堆瞬态分析程序（MC－TRAN）。采用原型堆的数据对程序进行验证，其结果表明：脉冲堆热工水力设计程序系统满足热工水力设计的要求，能够可靠地用于西安脉冲堆的设计。     

基于RELAP5和CTF的西安脉冲堆多尺度耦合瞬态特性研究

基于系统程序RELAP5和子通道程序CTF,建立了适合于自然循环冷却池式脉冲堆的区域分解多尺度耦合方法和满足不同尺度参数间精确转换的网格映射方法。通过脉冲堆稳态和瞬态工况分析,验证耦合方法正确性和可行性,计算结果表明：所建立的多尺度耦合方法能够应用于自然循环冷却池式脉冲研究堆的耦合分析,其耦合计算结果在准确性方面优于单一系统程序计算结果;2 MW稳态工况下的燃料芯块温度准确性提高约62.50%,脉冲瞬态工况下燃料芯块温度准确性提高约76.71%;同时,耦合计算能够获得高精度、高分辨率的堆芯热工水力分布和瞬态特性。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.