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1.
为了评价和预测铸造奥氏体不锈钢(CASS)材料服役期限内的热老化脆化程度,通过对美国的阿贡实验室(ANL)预测模型的研究和分析,以及在400℃下对核级CF-8M主管道材料实施了10 000 h的加速热老化试验,研究了CF-8M材料在不同热老化时间下拉伸性能、冲击性能和微观组织的变化规律,以冲击能作为表征热老化脆化程度的参数,获得了CF-8M材料的热老化脆化预测关系式,并与ANL模型的预测结果进行了对比和分析。结果表明,在加速热老化试验周期内随着热老化时间的增加,CF-8M材料的室温和高温(350℃)0.2%塑性延伸强度变化缓慢,抗拉强度缓慢增加;室温冲击能迅速下降,8 000 h以后冲击能下降趋势接近饱和状态;ANL模型对试验对象在加速老化试验周期内的冲击能预测结果不保守。CF-8M材料加速热老化10 000 h即等效服役30.49 a,其热老化脆化程度接近于热老化饱和状态。  相似文献   

2.
研究了应用磁性无损检测方法评估核电站主管道用铸造奥氏体不锈钢 (CASS)的热老化状态,结果表明在400 ℃下热老化不同时间,CASS的冲击功随着热老化时间延长逐渐降低,受材料组织不均应等因素影响,单一磁性参数与CASS的热老化时间之间无对应的单调规律;以磁性多参数测试为基础,结合主成分分析和非线性多元回归对测得的磁性...  相似文献   

3.
使用显微维氏硬度计和冲击试验机研究了核电站主管道材料Z3CN20.09M在400 ℃加速热老化10 000 h前后的力学性能变化。结果表明,热老化导致试验材料的冲击吸收能下降;构成试验材料的铁素体相的显微维氏硬度上升,奥氏体相的显微维氏硬度基本保持不变。通过研究材料组织特征,剖析显微硬度与冲击韧性的关系,探索将显微硬度测试方法作为核电站主管道材料热老化趋势预测方法的可能性。  相似文献   

4.
核电站主管道铸造不锈钢在280~325 ℃下长期运行服役过程中存在热老化脆化问题,韧性会大幅下降,为检测和评估主管道材料的热老化程度,通过对核级CF 8M静态铸造不锈钢主管道材料在400 ℃下热老化10 000 h的样品进行了热电势测量,研究了不同热老化阶段的力学性能(冲击能)和热电势与老化时间的关系,获得了热老化影响因素归一化后的参数与力学性能(冲击能)和热电势的对应关系式。结果表明,在热老化初始阶段冲击能下降较快,达到8 000 h后冲击能下降趋势已趋于平缓。在试验周期内,随着对数老化时间的增加,热电势呈线性增加;随着热电势的增加,冲击能开始下降较快,后期下降趋势变缓,逐渐趋于饱和,冲击能随热电势变化的形式和冲击能随热老化时间变化的形式相似。对热老化影响因素进行归一化后的参数值与热电势呈线性关系,基于该关系式可利用热电势检测技术评估服役部件热老化后的性能下降程度。  相似文献   

5.
铁素体马氏体钢(F/M钢)是铅冷快堆堆芯的主要候选材料之一,提高材料中的Si含量可提高其抗腐蚀性能,但同时会促进Laves相的析出从而影响材料韧塑性。针对一种Si含量为0.98%的F/M钢,开展了3种温度(500、550、600℃)下5000 h的热老化实验,研究了温度对Laves相析出行为和冲击性能的影响。结果表明,热老化温度升高能够促进Laves相的形核和粗化,且温度从550℃提高至600℃,Laves相的粗化速率从3.7 nm/h1/3提高至9.0 nm/h1/3。另一方面,热老化温度升高将加速冲击性能的退化,在550℃和600℃下热老化500 h,冲击功(AKV)值分别下降至热老化前的51%和39%,而在500℃下热老化2500 h,AKV值仍保持热老化前的75%。Laves相的析出与冲击性能退化有强烈的对应关系,是冲击性能退化的主要原因。  相似文献   

6.
《核动力工程》2013,(5):96-99
以核电厂主管道为研究对象,运用性能退化可靠性理论和贝叶斯更新方法,对主管道因热老化导致失效的剩余寿命进行研究。首先通过加速热老化实验获得的数据,分析主管道奥氏体不锈钢材料的冲击性能退化过程,然后运用贝叶斯更新方法得到基于冲击性能衰退信息的主管道热老化剩余寿命分布,进行可靠性剩余寿命预测;最后通过实例证明该方法的有效性和可操作性。  相似文献   

7.
在核电站一回路中,奥氏体不锈钢铸件(CASS)在运行温度下长期工作除了受到辐照损伤外.还将面临热老化问题.本文对不同时间热老化后的CASS样品进行微观力学性能分析,并结合微观组织中铁素体的含量及分布对CASS的性能变化进行了分析,结果表明微观力学性能的变化和常规的宏观力学性能变化的规律不尽相同.丰富了CASS经老化后的力学性能数据,为CASS的安全运行提供参考.  相似文献   

8.
Z3CN20.09M奥氏体不锈钢热老化冲击性能试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用GB/T19748-2005钢材夏比V型缺口摆锤冲击试验仪器化试验方法,对压水堆核电厂用离心铸造Z3CN20.09M奥氏体不锈钢主管道样品进行了实验室热老化的冲击性能研究。冲击试验数据的统计分析表明,热老化对Fiu/Fm比值不产生影响,而对冲击载荷有显著影响,对冲击能量的影响则更为显著。透射电子显微分析表明,热老化导致铁素体中出现沉淀物,并引发了奥氏体中位错组态的改变。与热老化时间lg t之间也满足线性关系。  相似文献   

9.
以核电站主管道为研究对象,运用性能退化可靠性理论,对主管道的热老化性能可靠性进行了研究。首先通过加速热老化实验获得的数据,分析主管道奥氏体不锈钢材料冲击性能及断裂韧性的退化过程,利用状态空间方法建立了时变性能退化量模型,并通过卡尔曼滤波对性能趋势进行预测;然后考虑冲击性能与断裂韧性之间的相关性,运用随机过程理论建立了基于多性能参数的主管道热老化实时性能可靠性预测模型,从而得到多参数下的主管道热老化性能可靠度及可靠性寿命,为核电站进行主管道老化维修决策优化管理提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

10.
本文针对核电站用阀杆材料17-4PH不锈钢,研究其长时间在300℃左右的环境下服役的组织和性能。材料取自国内某压水堆核电站的VVP(Vital Vapor Plant)主蒸汽系统,VVP1-3分别为服役11年、14年和19年的主蒸汽隔离阀。通过冲击性能测试、金相和断口形貌等分析方法研究了17-4PH材料的组织性能变化。结果表明,不同服役年限的VVP阀杆材料出现不同程度的脆化现象,0℃冲击吸收能分别下降118 J、132 J和156 J。发生热老化脆化后的不锈钢试样中观察到了马氏体长大和大尺寸铁素体存在的现象。对实验获得及文献调研到的数据进行拟合,得到了热老化冲击性能变化曲线。  相似文献   

11.
Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn (11). When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.  相似文献   

12.
Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.  相似文献   

13.
This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.  相似文献   

14.
为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现:从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。  相似文献   

15.
Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.  相似文献   

16.
Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.  相似文献   

17.
Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.  相似文献   

18.
In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.  相似文献   

19.
Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators (MLC) are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC). This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR (Computed Radiography) in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.  相似文献   

20.
Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992~2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84~113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.  相似文献   

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