球团回转窑建模与仿真的研究进展

摘要：回转窑是一种高温处理物料的热工设备,充分了解回转窑内发生的物理与化学变化对生产具有指导意义,而人眼观察或利用仪器等方式难以探查窑内情况。为掌握回转窑内处理物料的情况并提高生产效率,国内外利用建模与仿真的方法模拟回转窑结构、窑内热场、物料运动。现有模拟已经涉及到了回转窑整体、窑壁、耐火材料、烟气、燃料、火焰、物料等,并利用建模与仿真结果研究了回转窑结构参数及生产参数对部分现象的影响。根据窑内不同区域,综述了回转窑建模与仿真的进展,汇总了建模与仿真的方法与过程及部分参数对回转窑生产的影响。回顾与分析现有的回转窑建模与仿真成果,有助于优化回转窑设备结构的设计及回转窑生产。     

旋转闪蒸直燃供热式回转窑焙烧钼精矿的设备及工艺方法

一种新型旋转闪蒸直燃供热式回转窑焙烧钼精矿的设备及工艺方法,其具有钼精矿供料装置系统,回转窑装置系统,供热装置系统和烟尘处理回收装置系统;供料装置的旋转闪蒸干燥机,将物料快速干燥粉碎后送入回转窑内;供热装置由固体燃料高温热风炉产生的高温炽热火焰进入回转窑内,     

回转窑无管供风煅烧技术的探讨

以φ2.3x55 m的炭素回转窑作为研究对象,对回转窑内的煅烧过程进行了数值计算.通过多次改变二、三次供风管的长度,得到了相应条件下窑内的温度分布,并进行了比较和分析.结果表明:二、三次供风管的长度对窑内温度场的影响较小,实践中可以采用无管供风措施,以解决供风管道烧损问题.     

回转窑内气固传热过程数值计算研究综述

对回转窑内传热过程进行了分析,介绍了建立回转窑内数值计算模型的常用方法。根据模型的特点,对模型进行了分类并分析了每种模型的建立方法和优缺点,并综述了国内外对各数值计算模型的研究现状。研究表明,当前回转窑数值计算模型可以估计窑内温度分布,但存在简化窑内辐射传热过程,对气相空间的模拟不够完整等问题。     

利用红外温度计实现回转窑温度在线检测的新方法

通过分析传统的回转窑温度测量方法,提出了一种新的在线测量方法。利用红外温度计测量回转窑内部温度,并与传统的测量方法对比,用实验及数据验证该方法的可行性,解决了用热电偶测量回转窑温度信号难取出的问题。测量结果准确、稳定,满足生产的要求。     

球团焙烧回转窑气固传热过程数值分析

对球团焙烧回转窑内的温度分布进行了研究,建立了回转窑内综合传热数学模型,应用数值方法对该模型计算求解,分析了回转窑内传热的基本规律。分析了回转窑热工参数对于球团焙烧质量的影响,结果表明:球团在刚进入窑内快速升温,随后升温过程减缓,且球团温度受窑内多种热工参数的综合影响。     

艾利斯—查默斯链篦机—可控气氛回转窑直接还原法

一种新型的链篦机—可控气氛回传窑直接还原法由艾利斯—查默斯公司试验研究中心进行广泛的试验以后已获得成功(该研究中心位于美国威斯康星州奥克刻里克地区)。该方法可以处理含铁和非含铁矿石。该方法由铁矿球团链篦机—回转窑工艺和ACCAR·铁矿还原法相结合而成。它由链篦机,回转窑(有或没有喷射口)和冷却器依次联接组成。造好的生球送到链篦机上进行干燥预热。预热过的球团矿在链篦机上达到足够的强度以后,直接给入回转窑内。固体燃料例如煤或其它还原剂可以在链篦机的卸料处加入,同球团矿一起进入回转窑内。在上面提到的具有喷射口的回转窑中,天然气、重油或其它液体燃料可通过喷射口进入窑内。焙烧过的球团矿从回转窑内卸出送至冷却机冷却。传统的铁矿球团和还原工艺分别在两个独立的装置上进行。球团装置将造球机造好的生球进行焙烧和冷却。然后将冷却过的球团矿送到还原装置回转窑或竖炉内。由于链篦机—可控气氛回转窑直接还原工艺的研究成功,球团装置中的冷却机被取消了,从而节省了基建投资并简化了工艺流程。同时由于热球团矿直接装入回转窑也节省了篦源。由于球团矿不需要再进行预热,因此可采用较小的回转窑。本文介绍了威斯康星州奥克刻里克地区艾年利斯—查默斯试验研究中心的试验情况。使用多种固体燃料(包括次烟煤、泥煤、褐煤)成功地进行直接还原铁矿石的实验室和半工业试验。     

氧化球团直接还原数学模型

本文报导了由氧化球团在回转窑中的主要过程参数建立直接还原过程的数学模型,用以预报回转窑中的燃气、球团和炉壁的温度分布及金属化率。由模型得出的计算结果和实测值是一致的。二次空气对回转窑内的各种温度分布来说是最重要的控制参数。     

图像技术在球团方面的应用及未来发展方向

<正>图像技术在球团中的应用集中在成品球团矿平均粒度在线检测、球团矿还原膨胀测定和回转窑生产氧化球团时窑内温度的在线监测等。图像技术在球团生产的应用还不是很广泛,目前仅局限于成品球团矿平均粒度检测、球团矿还原膨胀测定以及回转窑内部球团和烟气温度测定。未来发展方向应该更多地着眼于整个球团的     

基于智能识别的金属加工过程监测

采用计算机视觉图像智能识别方法进行金属加工过程监测,降低金属加工瑕疵生产率。提出一种基于虚拟像素经验模态分解的金属加工过程视觉图像识别方法,进行了金属加工过程的视觉图像采集和像素特征分析,然后进行虚拟像素经验模态分解,进行轮廓特征的分水岭分割,实现金属加工视觉图像的智能识别。仿真结果表明,该方法进行金属加工过程的视觉特征分析,图像细节的识别性能较好,过程监测效果较优。     

Face recognition using illuminant locality preserving projections

A novel supervised manifold learning method was proposed to realize high-accuracy face recognition under varying illuminant conditions.The proposed method,named illuminant locality preserving projections (ILPP),exploited illuminant directions to alleviate the effect of illumination variations on face recognition.The face images were first projected into low-dimensional subspace.Then the ILPP translated the face images along specific direction to reduce lighting variations in the face.The ILPP reduced the distance between face images of the same class,while increase the distance between face images of different classes.This proposed method was derived from the locality preserving projections (LPP) methods,and was designed to handle face images with various illuminations.It preserved the face image's local structure in low-dimensional subspace.The ILPP method was compared with LPP and discriminant locality preserving projections (DLPP),based on the YaleB face database.Experimental results showed the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on the face recognition with various illuminations.     

基于最大池化稀疏编码的煤岩识别方法

针对现今煤岩图像识别方法的缺乏与不足,为了挖掘新的煤岩图像识别方法以及更好地处理高维煤岩图像数据,提出了基于最大池化稀疏编码的煤岩识别方法.本方法在提取煤岩图像特征时加入了池化操作,在分类识别时采用了集成分类器,即多个弱分类器组成一个强分类器.实验结果表明:最大池化稀疏编码的特征提取方式能简单有效表达煤岩图像的纹理特征,大大增强煤岩图像的可区分性,获得较高的识别率,并且具有良好的识别稳定性.研究结果可为煤岩界面的自动识别提供新的思路和方法.      

Fuzzy Jamming Pattern Recognition Based on Statistic Parameters of Signal' s PSD

In order to recognize the jamming pattern in anti-jamming, a novel fuzzy jamming recognition method based on statistic parameters of Received signal' s power spectral density (PSD) is proposed. It exploits PSD' s shape factor and skewness of Received signal as classified characters of jamming pattern. After the mean center and variance of each jamming pattern are calculated by using some jamming samples, an exponential fuzzy membership function is used to calculate the membership value of the recognized sample. Finally, the jamming pattern of Received signal is recognized by the maximum membership principle. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can recognize common eight jamming pat-terns accurately.     

基于Contourlet变换的连铸坯表面缺陷识别

根据连铸坯表面图像的特点,提出了一种基于Contourlet变换的连铸坯表面缺陷识别方法.通过Contourlet变换将样本图像分解成不同尺度和方向的子带,提取子带的Contourlet系数特征,并结合样本图像的纹理特征,得到一个高维的特征向量.利用监督核保局投影算法对高维特征向量进行降维,将降维后的低维特征向量输入支持向量机,对连铸坯表面图像进行分类识别.对现场采集到的裂纹、氧化铁皮、光照不均和渣痕四类样本图像进行实验,本文提出的识别方法对样本图像的识别率可达94.35%,优于基于Gabor小波的识别方法.      

Physical Simulation of Molten Slag Granulation by Rotary Disk

A physical model of molten slag granulation by rotary disk was developed based on the mechanism of Newtonian liquid granulation. For geometrical similarity, the radius ratio of model disk to the prototype disk was chosen as 1 : 1. For dynamic similarity, equality of Ohnesorge number between the model and the prototype was achieved firstly by compounding rosin and paraffin wax with mass ratio of 1 : 1 as simulation liquid of molten blast furnace (BF) slag, and the simulation material can satisfy the similarity of liquid-solid transformation during falling in the medium; then equality of Reynolds number and Weber number was obtained by controlling the volumetric flow rate and the rotary speed, respectively. Model accuracy was verified by comparing the simulation data with the results reported in literature, which showed good agreement with the calculation results of empirical equation and the actual molten BF slag granulation from the view point of particle size. Furthermore, influences of disk radius, rotary speed and liquid flow rate on granulation were discussed using the developed model, and the Kitamura equation was modified according to the simulation data which can predict particle size more accurately. Using the modified equation, the operation parameters were predicted according to the flow rate of molten industrial BF slag.     

基于关联关系的仿真模型实时智能推荐方法

当全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)分布式仿真环境中共享的模型数量非常多时,检索模型和配置仿真任务将成为一个比较复杂的工程.为提高仿真模型选取和仿真任务配置的效率,设计了一套针对GNSS分布式仿真环境中仿真模型的实时智能推荐方法,方法中首先定义了模型关联关系和接口形状的概念,然后提出了一种条件约束下的频繁模式树(FP-tree)结构,并从理论上分析了该结构在检索任务量方面的减少程度,设计并推导了模型关联关系度的计算方法,以及整套智能推荐方法的运行流程.推荐方法在GNSS分布式仿真环境中进行了仿真验证,仿真结果与传统智能推荐方法做对比分析,分析结果表明,该方法针对仿真模型推荐时运行时间短,推荐结果准确度高,能够实时为用户推荐合适的模型.      

A New Flatness Pattern Recognition Model Based on Cerebellar Model Articulation Controllers Network

In the traditional flatness pattern recognition neural network, the topologic configurations need to be rebuilt with a changing width of cold strip. Furthermore, the large learning assignment, slow convergence, and local minimum in the network are observed. Moreover, going by the structure of the traditional neural network, according to experience, the model is time-consuming and complex. Thus, a new approach of flatness pattern recognition is proposed based on the CMAC （cerebellar model articulation controllers） neural network. The difference in fuzzy distances between samples and the basic patterns is introduced as the input of the CMAC network. Simultaneously, the adequate learning rate is improved in the error correction algorithm of this neural network. The new approach with advantages, such as high learning speed, good generalization, and easy implementation, is efficient and intelligent. The simulation results show that the speed and accuracy of the flatness pattern recognition model are obviously im proved.     

基于二维和三维信息融合的人耳识别

针对人耳识别中存在姿态、光照变化等问题,提出信息融合的方法,将二维人耳和三维人耳的信息进行融合,以克服姿态、光照对人耳识别的影响.对于二维人耳,由于姿态等的变化会导致人耳图像数据在高维空间中呈现出非线性流形结构,采用等距映射这种流形学习算法进行特征提取,对三维深度人耳则采用3D局部二值模式进行特征提取,然后分别进行二维和三维人耳识别,最后在决策层进行融合识别.在79人的人耳数据库上进行了实验,每人8幅带姿态的二维人耳图像和6幅带光照的三维人耳深度图像.实验结果表明,与单独的二维人耳和三维人耳识别相比,融合之后的识别效果和认证效果均有很大的改善.      

Planning and Control of COP-Switch-Based Planar Biped Walking

Efficient walking is one of the main goals of researches on biped robots. A feasible way is to translate the understanding from human walking into robot walking, for example, an artificial control approach on a human like walking structure. In this paper, a walking pattern based on Center of Pressure (COP) switched and modeled after human walking is introduced firstly.Then, a parameterization method for the proposed walking gait is presented. In view of the complication, a multi-space planning method which divides the whole planning task into three sub-spaces, including simplified model space, work space and joint space, is proposed. Furthermore, a finite-state-based control method is also developed to implement the proposed walking pattern. The state switches of this method are driven by sensor events. For convincing verification, a 2D simulation system with a 9-link planar biped robot is developed. The simulation results exhibit an efficient walking gait.