拖船辐射噪声的海试数据分析及特性仿真

针对海试数据分析了拖船辐射噪声的特性,进而对拖船噪声进行了建模仿真。首先利用自相关的AR模型产生宽带连续谱噪声序列,并迭加线谱成分,构造一维时间序列,而后根据海洋环境条件以及拖线阵与拖船空间位置关系建立声传播路径模型,构建拖线阵的接收声场。仿真结果在时频特性以及空间特性上都与海试数据非常逼近。     

压电复合材料层合结构中的SH波

考虑压电耦合效应,通过传递矩阵-二维谱分析研究了压电复合材料层合板稳态SH波的频散特性和瞬态SH波的传播特性。数值分析表明: 压电耦合作用提高了SH波的截止频率和相速度; 由表面扰动激发的SH波, 一部分能量向板深度方向传播, 一部分以表面波的形式在两倍波长深度内传播。所采用的传递矩阵-二维谱分析为层合结构瞬态波动研究提供了一种有效的数值方法。      

利用数值耗散层改进Boussinesq模型的无反射边界条件

Boussinesq 方程是近年来比较理想的模拟近岸波浪的一个模型, 它可以考虑波浪的色散、变浅和非线性等一系列因素, 其数值模型的吸收边界通常使用一种能在较大的频率范围内减弱波浪的数值海绵层。该文从理论上提出一种利用数值耗散模拟波浪无反射边界条件的方法。通过模拟规则波和随机波在水槽的传播表明该方法可以达到与海绵层相同的效果。由于该方法不需要修改模型代码, 仅需在开边界处增加一段网格逐渐增加的耗散带, 操作简便, 有很强的实用性。     

中国人标准头模BHead210的头相关传递函数数值计算

针对基于中国人平均头部尺寸的BHead210标准头模,通过结构光扫描获取三维数据并利用边界元方法计算其头相关传递函数。将刚球模型的计算结果与解析结果进行对比,验证了计算方法的正确性,并将BHead210的计算结果与测量结果对比以观察误差。给出了由边界元计算数据导出的BHead210双耳时间差、双耳声级差曲线与不同声源距离某方位的头相关传递函数幅度谱。最后对比和分析了BHead210头模数据与CIPIC公布的KEMAR头模数据的差异。     

Prediction and evaluation of fatigue life for mechanical components considering anelasticity‐based load spectrum

To accurately predict the degraded fatigue life of components under random loads, anelasticity effect of metal on life estimation needs to be explored. Weighting coefficient and dynamic elastic modulus are introduced to modify the calculation process of the model. By establishing an equal‐amplitude fatigue median surface and applying Miner linear fatigue cumulative damage theory, a fatigue life prediction model of the component under random loads is proposed. The model can be used to calculate the degraded fatigue life of components, which provides a theoretical basis for life estimation under random load spectrum. The two‐dimensional load spectrum is compared with the unprocessed two‐dimensional load spectrum and the one‐dimensional program spectrum in life prediction results. With the comparison of the target life and simulation life and the data calculated by the model of the automobile front stabilizer bar, it is concluded that the data obtained by the modified model are more reasonable and accurate.     

Quantitative use of Rayleigh waves to locate and size subsurface holes

An ultrasonic inspection method is used to obtain the circumference of a subsurface hole and the depth of the hole below the surface. A pitch-catch Rayleigh wave transducer set-up was used to launch a Rayleigh surface wave at the flaw and to capture and record the scattered waves. The frequency spectrum of the scattered waves can be used to obtain the depth of the hole. The ligament of material between the hole and the surface is sent into resonance, and this feature can be extracted from the scattered waves' frequency spectrum. The frequency is a function of the ligament length; thus the hole depth can be obtained. The circumference of the hole is found from a time of flight measurement. A Rayleigh wave is formed that travels around the hole's surface. The length of time required for the wave to travel around the hole is a measure of the circumference.     

与已知场点相关的地震动场模拟研究

提出了一种与已知场点相关地震动场模型。将工程频段(0~25 Hz)分成若干个互不重叠的子段,在每个子频段内将地震动看作面波和体波的叠加;其次在每个子频段内确定影响合成地震动幅值谱的关键因素并将其引入模型中,使每个子频段的合成地震动幅值谱、功率谱和已知幅值谱、功率谱一致;再次由相位差谱频数分布与地震动强度包络的相似性,将决定地震动强度非平稳的关键因素即相位差谱引入到模型中,使合成地震动和已知地震动波形相似;最后,由模型中的频散曲线和距离参数描述不同场点之间的相干性,将合成地震动扩展到地震动场模型。El Centro地震波场点地震动场算例表明,模型不仅可以实现合成地震动场功率谱和已知场点完全一致,而且相干性合理,可以用于工程分析。     

基于动力特性的混合结构地震响应复模态叠加法

混合结构由不同阻尼特性的材料组成,确定其阻尼矩阵存在困难。分块Rayleigh阻尼模型由于数学上的简易性,被广泛用于构建混合结构的阻尼矩阵,但分块Rayleigh阻尼模型的计算精度与参考频率的选择方法直接相关。针对参考频率的选择问题,依据结构动力响应的组成和特点,提出了一种确定Rayleigh阻尼系数的计算方法,进而实现基于分块Rayleigh阻尼模型的复模态叠加法。求解结构的瞬态反应时,根据结构前两阶振型的自振频率确定阻尼系数;求解结构的稳态反应时,选择结构的基频、与外激励频率接近的结构自振频率确定阻尼系数。依据地震波的频谱特性,提出了基于地震波卓越频率的分块Rayleigh阻尼模型,并结合地震加速度的分段线性假定,建立了混合结构的复模态叠加法。在此基础上,利用三角级数展开得到组成地震波的谐波频率,进一步提出了基于谐波频率的分块Rayleigh阻尼模型和对应的复模态叠加法。算例分析结果表明:所提方法误差更小,且克服了传统方法因振型选择不唯一导致的计算结果具有不确定性的问题;与基于地震波卓越频率的复模态叠加法相比,基于谐波频率的复模态叠加法计算量更大,但计算精度更高、适用范围更广。     

Analytical study of wave‐induced nearshore currents

Abstract

Nearshore circulation, produced by a wave‐induced radiation stress gradient, forms different circulation patterns under different wave characteristics and topographical conditions. A more general equation was deduced on the orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system to unify the diversities among related theories and to investigate the nearshore circulation on an arc‐shaped coast. The results show that circulation patterns depend on the flow torque factor which is in turn determined by both the wave characteristics and the topographical conditions. Due to the differences of this torque factor, the straight coast and the arc‐shaped coast will produce different circulation patterns.     

基于Hooke-Jeeves算法的渤海现今应力场优化反演

在分析渤海构造演化背景和地质构造特征的基础上,根据区域内已有测点的地应力资料,建立渤海三维应力场优化反演分析模型。通过由有限元法得到的测点处应力值大小及方向与现场实际数据的比较,构建误差函数作为优化目标函数,采用Hooke-Jeeves优化算法与有限元计算相结合的方法进行优化反演分析,将ANSYS有限元程序作为一个计算模块并通过Matlab 实现其批处理模式下的循环调用,完成优化反演计算过程,得到了渤海浅部的现今应力场分布规律。优化结果分析表明,该文方法可以通过较少的测点数据优化反演得到较合理的构造应力分布,能够为进一步研究渤海海域现今构造活动提供一定参考。     

螺栓接头非线性模型及其波能耗散

建立了在高频情况下一维构件的波传播模型，针对工程中常见的螺栓连接梁结构，讨论了波在其中传播的特性及能量耗散问题，提出了一种简化的非线性接头模型。分析与实验结果表明：这种非线性模型更能接近实际。波通过梁的螺栓连接时，存在着能量耗散，螺栓松紧程度对能量耗散有较大的影响。在共振频率处，连接部分发生较大的折射。     

基于频域法的深水钻井隔水管波激疲劳分析

Wave-loading fatigue failure is one of main failure modes of deepwater drilling riser. Wave-loading fatigue analysis of riser provides guidance for fatigue design and management of riser in order to increase its service life. Methods for analyzing wave induced vibration and fatigue were established in frequency domain. Solver for riser fatigue calculation was developed based on MATLAB software. Wave-loading fatigue of the riser system in the South China Sea was calculated in frequency domain and compared with calculated fatigue based on time domain method. The results show that dynamic analysis of riser in frequency domain reaches convergence after several iteration steps. Compared with time domain method, frequency domain method enhances computation efficiency greatly. The response of riser system is a wide-band process so rainflow correction coefficient should be used in calculating riser fatigue. The wave-loading fatigue damage of riser in frequency domain is almost same with that in time domain. Riser fatigue analysis method proposed in this paper can be used for inertial fatigue analysis.     

Fast characterization of aluminum plates with TV-holography measurements of the frequency spectrum of multimode, quasi- monochromatic Lamb waves

We introduce a novel approach for measuring the frequency spectrum of Lamb waves and, subsequently, for obtaining the thickness and the bulk wave velocities of isotropic, homogeneous plates. It is based on Fourier transforming a set of spatial and temporal samples of the acoustic displacement but, in contrast to the traditional approach that employs dense temporal sampling and a reduced set of spatial sampling locations, our data set is a sequence of 2-D high-resolution maps of the instantaneous out-of-plane displacement obtained with TV holography. We have devised three variants to obtain a set of points of the wavenumber-frequency space, based, respectively, on the spatial (1-D or 2-D) and on the spatio-temporal (3-D) Fourier transforms. The whole process to obtain these points can be easily automated and substantial time savings can be achieved, compared with other full-field techniques that require human intervention or with pointwise scanned probes. Experimental demonstration of the three variants with quasimonochromatic multimode Lamb waves in aluminum plates is presented. The characteristic parameters of the plates are calculated by fitting the theoretical model to the experimental points of the frequency spectrum. The analysis of the uncertainties shows that the accuracy of the method is only slightly lower than the accuracy of a previously reported method based on measuring the wavelength of single-modes, for which the data acquisition procedure is much slower.     

基于调制FFT的谐振式SAW传感器快速频率估计算法

针对高动态环境下的谐振式声表面波（Surface Acoustic Wave,SAW）传感器快速精确频率估计,提出一种基于调制快速傅里叶变换（Fast Fourier Transform,FFT）的谐振式SAW传感器快速频率估计算法。对单次谐振式SAW传感器回波信号进行N点取样后进行调制FFT计算,获得回波信号频谱,然后利用最大谱线的两相邻谱线取代I_Rife算法频谱细化后的谱线对频率偏移因子进行估计,最后使用频率偏移因子对最大频谱频率进行修正。该算法较I_Rife算法不需要判断频率修正方向,减少了3N次复数乘法和4（N-1）次复数加法运算,频率估计均方根误差的平均值减小了26%。该算法在提高精度的同时,实现了对谐振式SAW传感器的快速频率估计。     

双向行波式声光驻波调制器

提出了一种新型的声光驻波调制器，即双向行波式声光驻波调制器，建立了数学模型，进行了模拟计算，并从理论上证明了其衍射光的振幅和光强的表达式安全等效于反射式的声光驻波调制器，利用中心频率为５０ＭＨｚ的器件，测得其对衍射光强的调制频率两倍于声频，并随时间做周期的变化，其带宽Δω＝７ＭＨｚ，远远大于驻波器件；而且从对调制光的调制度的测试结果来看，较易获得对光强具有大的调制度的调制器件。     

Numerical modelling of elastic wave scattering in frequency domain by the partition of unity finite element method

In this paper, we investigate a numerical approach based on the partition of unity finite element method, for the time‐harmonic elastic wave equations. The aim of the proposed work is to accurately model two‐dimensional elastic wave problems with fewer elements, capable of containing many wavelengths per nodal spacing, and without refining the mesh at each frequency. The approximation of the displacement field is performed via the standard finite element shape functions, enriched by superimposing pressure and shear plane wave basis, which incorporate knowledge of the wave propagation. A variational framework able to handle mixed boundary conditions is described. Numerical examples dealing with the radiation and the scattering of elastic waves by a circular body are presented. The results show the performance of the proposed method in both accuracy and efficiency. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电厂球磨机筒体辐射声场的计算

本文将噪声预测理论应用到球磨机的降噪工程上,针对球磨机建立了结构和激励简化模型,采用半解析的组合梁函数法求解出振动响应后,结合边界元方法计算了辐射声场分布。计算结果正确预测出近场中低频段的指向性特点和远场声压级水平,与实测谱值有较好的一致性。     

The evolution of spatiotemporal chaos in a discrete-continuous active medium

A special approach to calculation of the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents has been developed and applied to diagnostics of the degree of regularity of wave structures in a model neural system. A transition between the regimes of regular wave dynamics and developed spatiotemporal chaos is demonstrated and quantitatively characterized.

     

基于矢量水听器的南海海洋背景噪声测试

矢量声压振速联合处理建立在信号的声压和振速相位基础上,海洋环境边界影响将改变矢量声场声压振速的幅度和相位特性．首先根据南海环境条件结合水下目标辐射噪声测量,采用声场矢量简正波理论估算海面非相干偶极子噪声和水下点声源矢量强度随深度的变化,然后设计了可用于深海海域噪声测量的矢量水听器测试系统,获取了南海海域典型深度上的背景噪声矢量强度并进行了特性分析．结果表明：深海背景噪声谱级在500Hz以下基本上不随深度变化,在500Hz～3kHz频段浅深度背景噪声谱级略高于较深深度的背景噪声;振速垂直分量的背景噪声要小于声压和振速水平分量的噪声谱级．     

小波分析在爆破振动加速度推求中的应用

提出了一种由实测爆破振动速度数据得到加速度历程曲线的方法.首先对实测速度数据进行数值微分计算,继而采用小波变换的方法消除加速度波形中因数据误差带来的高频噪声成分,可以得到准确、清晰的爆破振动加速度时程曲线.