Broadband Via-Free Microstrip Balun Using Metamaterial Transmission Lines

A novel metamaterial broadband microstrip balun design is proposed. The broadband balun consists of a pair of identical metamaterial transmission lines. In the odd mode, a virtual ground is formed between the symmetric plane. The odd mode is allowed while the even mode is rejected. No vias are required to realize the shunt inductors of the metamaterial lines, and no power divider is used. Baluns with good performance can be achieved. In this letter, two baluns are fabricated and measured. For the balun with seven units, the output amplitude difference is less than 0.7 dB, and the differential phase is 181deg plusmn 3deg from 1.6 to 3.6 GHz, while the input return loss is greater than 10 dB.     

Broadband Terahertz Transmission Modulation Based on Hybrid Graphene-Metal Metamaterial

A novel patterned metamaterial, composed of graphene layer and metal periodic array of split ring resonators (SRRs) and cross-shaped resonators (CSRs), with broadband terahertz (THz) wave modulation was proposed and theoretically studied. It demonstrated that a broad passband high transmission of over 96.1% in the frequency range from 1.02 THz to 1.66 THz and two narrow band resonance frequencies f₁ and f₂ could be generated. The modulation depth of transmission was 29.2% when the graphene layer was covered on the metal metamaterial surface, and the modulation depth could be further increased by increasing the Fermi energy of graphene layer and reached approximately 79.5% at 1.0 eV in a broadband THz frequency range. The resonance frequencies of f₁ and f₂ were blue-shifted, and their modulation depths reached about 63.2% and 18%, respectively. These results show that the ultrathin graphene-metal metamaterial exhibits potential to achieve high-performance active THz devices and may offer widespread applications.     

A Broadband Quadrature Power Splitter Using Metamaterial Transmission Line

A broadband quadrature power splitter (QPS) is developed using the metamaterial transmission line (MM TL). It consists of a Wilkinson power divider and two phase-adjusting TLs, namely a MM TL and a microstrip (MS). The slope of the phase-response curve of the MM TL is synthesized to be the same as that of the MS along with the 90deg phase increment at two design frequencies. Hence, the broadband quadrature phase difference over the desired frequency range can be obtained. In this letter, the QPS is developed at the center frequency of 2 GHz. Over the frequency range of 1.1-3.5 GHz, an amplitude imbalance of less than 0.9 dB and a phase error of less than plusmn5deg have been experimentally demonstrated.     

具有宽带特性的超材料设计与分析*

分别提出具有宽带负磁导率特性的圆盘结构超材料和具有宽带双负特性的互联圆盘结构左手材料。对任意极化的垂直入射波,圆盘结构超材料可在8.71GHz到15.19GHz的频段上产生负的磁导率,而互联圆盘结构左手材料则可在6.04GHz到7.40GHz的频段上产生双负特性。通过有限元仿真、本构参数提取、表面电流分布计算、结构参数扫描等方法,对圆盘结构进行了详细分析。结果表明,该结构通过外加磁场激励起的电流环路构成磁谐振回路,进而获得负磁导率特性。利用无限划分的方法,分析了该结构实现宽带特性的原理,推导了等效的磁谐振频率和品质因数的计算公式,并给出其等效电路结构。通过参数扫描,分析了贴片半径、基板介电常数、损耗特性和入射角大小对负磁导率特性的影响规律。对互联圆盘结构左手材料,在提取其等效本构参数的基础上,着重分析了电响应特性,详细推导了等效电等离子体频率的计算公式。     

Varactor-Loaded Complementary Split Ring Resonators (VLCSRR) and Their Application to Tunable Metamaterial Transmission Lines

In this letter, the varactor-loaded complementary split ring resonator (VLCSRR) is presented for the first time. This particle is the dual counterpart of the varactor-loaded split ring resonator (VLSRR), which was introduced previously by some of the authors. Thanks to the presence of the varactor diodes, the electrical characteristics of the particle can be electronically tuned. Thus, by loading a microstrip line with VLCSRRs, the structure exhibits a tunable rejection band which is attributed to the negative effective permittivity provided by the particle. It is also shown in this letter that by adding a gap to the structure, the rejection band is switched to a tunable pass band with left handed wave propagation. Due to the topology of the complementary split rings resonators, the insertion and polarization of the diode varactors is not straightforward. These aspects are discussed in the letter. A circuit model for the VLCSRR is proposed. From parameter extraction and comparison between simulation of the circuit model and experiment good agreement is obtained.     

一种宽带吸波的隐身天线罩设计

传统的吸波材料无法使天线同时满足工作带外隐身和工作带内透波的特殊要求。文中结合传统吸波材料的吸波特性和频率选择表面的滤波特性,提出了一种超材料的宽带吸波的隐身天线罩。利用超材料的谐振叠加特性,设计出宽带人工吸波结构。采用阻抗匹配技术进一步提高天线在工作频带内的透过率,并提高天线带外的吸收率。通过调节超材料吸波体的尺寸,构造了一种Ku 频带透波、高于Ku 频段吸波的超材料天线罩,在保证天线带内正常通信前提下,可减小天线带外的雷达散射截面,提高机载天线的隐身性能。     

基于集总电阻的宽频带超材料吸波器研究

设计了一种加载集总电阻且极化稳定的宽频带超材料吸波器,并进行了理论分析和实验验证。仿真结果表明,该吸波器在7.8 GHz 到17.2GHz 频段内具有吸收率超过90%、相对带宽达到75.2% 的良好吸波特性。通过S 参数计算得到的等效输入阻抗表明,集总电阻的加入可以使该结构在较宽的频带内有较好的的阻抗匹配特性。在FR4 基板有损耗、无损耗时吸波器的吸收率表明,电磁波能量主要损耗在集总电阻中,从而达到宽频带吸波。在加载不同集总电阻阻值时,集总电阻存在一个最佳值,能实现吸波器的带宽最宽,强吸波效果最佳。     

基于多层结构的偏振不敏感超材料太赫兹宽带吸收器

为了解决宽带吸收器结构设计复杂的问题,提出了 一种结构简单、偏振不敏感、吸收性能优良的超材料太赫兹宽带吸收器.该吸收器采用对称结构设计,以金属层-介质层-金属层的三层架构为基础.其中,介质层中嵌入了两个不同尺寸的圆形金属片,从而形成多层结构.采用频域有限元法(Frequency Domain Finite Elemen...     

Ka波段平面Goubau线与超材料相结合的宽带滤波器

平面Goubau线(PGL)可作为单导体波导进行Ka波段表面电磁波传输。通过与超材料共面集成,可抑制PGL特定频点的表面波。在此基础上将超材料组成阵列形式,实现了宽带滤波特性。采用CST对所设计模型进行仿真,通过设置场监视器,重点研究了PGL与超材料的场分布特征与互作用结果。通过不断优化设计,最终获得了20%相对带宽的宽带滤波器。Ka波段平面器件的研究有助于微波毫米波器件小型化、平面化、集成化方向的发展。     

基于VO2圆环结构的温控宽带超材料吸波器

设计了一种基于不同半径的二氧化钒（VO₂）圆环加载于介质层上的宽带可调超材料吸波器,利用VO₂随温度变化的相变特性,实现了外部温度对吸收曲线的动态调节.通过仿真计算表明,该吸波器在外部温度为350K时在8.09~11.23THz带宽范围内吸收率可达90%以上,表现出高吸收特性;而外部温度为300K时在相同频段内吸收率始终低于20%,从而实现了对电磁波吸收的可调功能.进一步对吸波器的等效阻抗和电场分布进行分析讨论,阐明VO₂对吸收性能的调节机制.此外,文章讨论了结构参数、偏振角以及入射角对吸收的影响.其结果表明,合理选择结构参数可实现吸收性能与偏振角、入射角的无关性.本文的结论对于设计其它类型的超宽带可调吸波器具有重要的指导意义.     

Planar Transmission Lines

This paper derives formulas for the transmission properties--characteristic impedance and attenuation--in the principal mode of a transmission line consisting of one or two long strips of metal foil embedded in a dielectric material between two long metal strips considerably wider than the central ones. The width and spacing of the central strips is arbitrary, and it is also necessary to take account of their thickness in computing the attenuation. A graphical method is given for evaluating the characteristic impedance in general, and analytic approximations are given for a number of special cases. Finally the question of the leakage of power from between the outer strips is considered briefly.     

Coupled Transmission Lines

An analysis of coupling between a stripline and a rectangular waveguide is presented. Coupling is through small apertures in the form of a circular hole or a narrow rectangular slot. A closed form expression for the normalized field distribution in the stripline, required for the purpose of analysis, is also derived. The theoretical results show good agreement with the experimental results.     

含各向异性特异材料的一维光子晶体的传输特性

利用传输矩阵方法研究了含各向异性特异材料的一维光子晶体的电磁传输性质.结果表明,光子晶体具有全向的零平均折射率带隙.这种全向带隙几乎不受晶格尺度、波的极化方向和入射角的影响.当一缺陷引入到光子晶体中时,会有电磁缺陷模出现.零平均折射率带隙中的缺陷模与普通Bragg带隙中的缺陷模不同,几乎不受晶格尺度、波的极化方向和入射角的影响.这一性质将在全向反射镜或滤波器中具有潜在的应用价值.     

糖果型电阻膜宽带超材料吸波器的设计

提出了一种糖果型电阻膜宽带超材料吸波器。该吸波器的单元结构采用电阻膜-介质-电阻膜结构,其中顶层电阻膜为糖果型, 介质层由多种材料叠加而成, 介质层材料从顶至底依次为PET、FR-4、PMMA 和PET。CST 软件仿真结果表明本吸波器吸收率的峰值可达100%,吸收率超过99% 的频带宽度约为2.5 GHz, 超过90% 的频段能够完全覆盖X 波段, 部分覆盖Ku 波段,相对带宽为70%。随着电磁波入射角度的变化, 吸收峰所对应的中心频率稳定, 能够实现对相应频段的完美吸波,并且具有宽带吸波特性。     

Slit-Coupled Strip Transmission Lines

Two types of slit-coupled strip-line configuration are presented which are especially useful for the realization of multi-section components using printed-circuit techniques. The slit-coupled configurations described consist of a pair of strips oriented face to face and either parallel or perpendicular to the outer ground planes. Coupling is achieved through a longitudinal slit. Exact conformal mapping solutions of the even- and odd-mode characteristic impedances are arranged in the forms of the design equations for both parallel and perpendicular cases. In order to facilitate design, nomograms are presented for the parallel case which give the physical line dimensions in terms of the even- and odd-mode characteristic impedances. Furthermore, the exact design equations for both parallel and perpendicular broadside-coupled strip configurations, which are considered to be special cases of the slit-coupled configurations, are presented. Formulas for the terminating lines are also included. The proposed parallel-coupled strip transmission line configurations permit smooth variation of coupling and applications to a wide variety of circuit components.     

Periodically Loaded Transmission Lines

In this paper equations for the transmission parameters of a periodically loaded line are derived in closed form with no restriction on the size, type or number of discontinuities. The equations also take into consideration any attenuation that may exist on the line. Several plots of the input reflection coefficient are presented and compared with experimental results. The agreement is very good.