加入惰性固体粒子的二元物系的流动沸腾传热特性

引　言流动沸腾传热广泛存在于石油、化工、轻工、动力及能源等各个领域 ,但三相流动沸腾传热的研究极少 .李修伦等[1]在流动沸腾系统中加入惰性固体粒子 ,进行了汽 -液 -固三相流沸腾传热的初步研究 .李修伦、闻建平[2 ,3]进一步将三相流和沸腾换热相结合 ,较好地解决了沸腾传热强化和防垢、除垢问题 .李修伦、张利斌等[4 ]又采用循环流化床技术 ,结合粒子在沸腾系统中的强化特性 ,开发了汽 -液 -固三相循环流化床蒸发器 ,它具有良好的强化传热和防、除垢性能 .上述研究均属于单组分三相流动沸腾传热 ,而关于二元物系三相流动沸腾传热的研…     

新型三相循环流化床蒸发器的实验研究

开发了一种新型三相循环流化床蒸发器。以饱和盐卤为工质 ,研究了其防、除垢性能。结果表明 ,该蒸发器具有优良的防、除垢效果 ,并且有效地强化了传热。工业应用证明这是一种行之有效的在线防、除垢蒸发装置     

汽液固三相循环流化床蒸发器强化传热和防垢研究

本文在已开发的汽液固三相循环流化床蒸发器装置上进行了条件试验研究。试验表明,这种新型的蒸发器具有明显的强化传热和防垢效果,其传热系数比汽液两相流沸腾传热膜系数提高１．５倍￣２．０倍,并能有效防止污垢的产生。文中对强化传热和防垢的机理进行了探讨。     

汽液固循环流化床蒸发器性能研究

研究了汽液固循环流化床蒸发器的防垢与传热性能。实验表明，在防垢的同时，可有效地强化传热，提高蒸发能力，节约投资。     

聚四氟乙烯在烧碱蒸发器防、除垢中应用的研究

烧碱液蒸发器加热表面存在严重的结垢现象，将聚四氟乙烯颗粒引入到蒸发器中采用流化床传热，聚四氟乙烯固体颗粒能完全防止结垢的产生，但只能清除已有的部分垢层，不经淬火处理的聚四氟乙烯颗粒、防垢，除垢效果较好，但耐磨性能差，10周后磨损率达22％；经淬火处理后，聚四氟乙烯颗粒的防垢、除垢性能略有下降，但耐磨能力得到很大提高，连续运行10周，磨损率不超过3％，可作为烧碱蒸发器的防垢惰性固体颗粒。     

超声波技术在强化传热及防垢除垢技术中应用进展

结合当前有关超声波强化传热及除垢防垢的研究形势,介绍了超声波强化传热及防垢除垢的技术研究成果,全面阐述了该技术在强化传热及防垢除垢方面的原理及进展,并就该技术的应用前景与研究方向进行了分析和展望。     

三相循环流化床蒸发器防除垢机理

引　言结垢是蒸发器加热壁面上经常遇到的问题 .垢层严重地降低了换热效率 ,使传热过程迅速恶化 ,蒸发器的防、除垢问题受到人们的普遍重视 .张利斌、李修伦等[1] 研究了汽液固三相循环流化床蒸发器沸腾传热和防、除垢性能 ,本文进一步考察该蒸发器的防、除垢机理 ,并对其进行了分析 .1　汽液固三相流剪应力“混相流”模型根据文献 [1],蒸发管内的汽液固三相流动呈现“混相流”的特性 ,因此为便于分析及突出问题的基本特征 ,假设 :(1)温度场引起的物性变化忽略不计 ;(2 )蒸发管内的汽液两相流动视为均相流动 ,蒸汽的惟一效果是改变了“流体…     

三相循环流化床内流化固体颗粒的防除垢机理

汽液固三相循环流化床蒸发器已应用到盐化、烧碱、中药和造纸等工业中,表现出良好的防除垢性能。文中研究了这种新型流化床蒸发器的防、除垢机理。首先揭示出汽液固三相流剪应力对延长污垢的诱导期起主要作用,并对汽液固三相流剪应力和三相流剪应力增长率进行了定量计算,分析其影响因素。其次从污垢附着和剥蚀的角度,考察了固体颗粒的除垢作用。根据理论分析指出三相流剪应力对污垢附着需要的时间和污垢剥蚀比率的影响,从而计算了剥蚀比例和剥蚀速率及其影响因素。     

蒸发装置防垢新技术及其在氯化钙生产中的应用

为解决无机盐生产中蒸发浓缩过程的结垢问题,提出了一种在线防垢的新技术--三相循环流化床强化传热和防、除垢技术.介绍了该技术的基本原理,初步揭示了其强化传热和防、除垢作用机理.分析了各主要操作变量对该技术的影响.该技术应用到6万t/a氯化钙蒸发浓缩生产装置中,已取得良好的效果,解决了氯化钙蒸发过程中的结垢问题.     

多相流化床换热器流固分布装置发展现状

对多相流化床换热器流固分布装置的发展情况进行了综合分析,为进一步优化流化床换热器流固分布装置,使流化床换热器更好地传热和防垢、除垢,提供了有益的参考。     

多相流流化床换热器研究进展

蒸发沸腾换热是化工、轻工、能源、动力等行业生产过程中的关键技术,而蒸发沸腾换热器侧壁面结垢是一个长期困扰急待解决的难题。本文介绍了将流化床技术与换热、蒸发、沸腾过程相结合开发出的多相流化床蒸发器的研究进展,如液-固流化床、汽-液-固三相流蒸发沸腾换热技术和汽-液-固三相循环流化床蒸发器技术。该技术解决了蒸发器和再沸器的结垢问题。     

FLOW BOILING HEAT TRANSFER IN A NEW VAPOR-LIQUID-SOLID THREE-PHASE CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED EVAPORATOR

In order to enhance heat transfer and solve the fouling problems in boiling processes, a boiling system was designed by adding solid particles to the boiling liquid. In this paper, both theoretical analyses and experimental studies on the flow boiling heat transfer in a vapor-liquid-solid three-phase circulating fluidized bed evaporator were carried out. Based on the analysis of the heat transfer characters of this three-phase flow boiling, a mathematical model for predicting the flow boiling heat transfer coefficients of the vapor-liquid-solid three-phase circulating fluidized bed evaporator was developed. The experiments show that, in the presence of solid particles the flow boiling heat transfer is enhanced and is about 2 times that of the vapor-liquid two-phase one. The predicted results of the flow boiling heat transfer coefficients agreed well with the experimental data.     

三相循环流化床中沸腾传热特性

提出了一种新型蒸发沸腾传热方式,即汽液固三相循环流化床沸腾传热。实验表明:该传热方式具有强化传热和防、除垢效果;其传热系数比汽液两相流沸腾传热膜系数高1.5～2.0倍,并能长期保持传热壁面的洁净。实验中研究了不同种类的固体粒子(玻璃球、陶瓷球、钛粒和钢球)、粒子体积分率、液相流速以及加热蒸汽压力等因素对循环流化床沸腾传热的影响。     

Prevention of crystallization fouling during eutectic freeze crystallization in fluidized bed heat exchangers

Eutectic freeze crystallization is a promising separation technique to produce salt and ice crystals with very high purities and requires less energy than competitive evaporative crystallization techniques. A drawback of this technique is crystallization fouling, which seriously reduces heat transfer rates. Solid–liquid fluidized bed heat exchangers may be attractive crystallizers for this purpose, since they have demonstrated to prevent severe crystallization fouling, for example of ice crystals. This paper presents crystallization experiments with a single-tube fluidized bed heat exchanger. A first experimental series showed that fluidized beds are also able to prevent salt fouling during cooling crystallization from KNO₃ or MgSO₄ solutions. A second series revealed that fouling during eutectic freeze crystallization is more severe than during separate salt or ice crystallization and is therefore difficult to prevent by the fluidized bed. The explanation for this phenomenon is that the salt crystallization process strongly reduces the solute mass transfer limitation for ice crystals growing on the wall resulting in an increased growth rate and more severe crystallization fouling. The addition of a non-crystallizing component strongly reduces fouling and enables to perform eutectic freeze crystallization in fluidized bed heat exchangers for industrial applications.     

循环流化床的沸腾传热

A model is proposed to predict boiling heat transfer coefficient in a three-phase circulating fluidized bed (CFB), which is a new type of evaporation boiling means for enhancing heat transfer and preventing fouling. To verify the model, experiments are conducted in a stainless steel column with 39 mm ID and 2.0 m height, in which the heat transfer coefficient is measured for different superficial velocities, steam pressures, particle concentrations and materials of particle. As the steam pressure and particle concentrations increase, the heat transfer coefficient in the bed increases. The heat transfer coefficient increases with the liquid velocity but it exhibits a local minimum.The heat transfer coefficient is correlated with cluster renewed model and two-mechanism method. The prediction of the model is in good agreement with experimental data.     

液-固下行循环流化床中的颗粒碰撞行为

设计并构建了一套冷模液-固下行循环流化床蒸发器,考察了颗粒对壁面的碰撞行为随轴向位置和操作参数的变化规律,以便更好地揭示循环流化床强化传热和防、除垢的机理。实验中,选用水和不同粒径的聚甲醛颗粒和玻璃珠作为工质,对不同颗粒加入量(0~2.0%)和循环流量(2.15~5.16 m³·h^-1)下的碰撞加速度信号进行了功率谱密度、峰度和标准偏差等频域和时域分析。研究结果表明:液相和固相碰撞加速度信号的频率范围分别为0~2 000 Hz和6 000~16 000 Hz。沿着下行床的轴向位置从上到下,颗粒对壁面碰撞加速度信号的标准偏差先减小,后增大;峰度增大。随着颗粒加入量和循环流量的增加,标准偏差增大,峰度减小。颗粒加入量较低时,标准偏差随着聚甲醛颗粒粒径的增加先减小、后增大;而峰度随着粒径的增加明显增大。颗粒加入量较高时,标准偏差和峰度随着粒径的增加而增大,但增大的幅度较小。玻璃珠的标准偏差较小,但峰度明显高于聚甲醛颗粒。构建了操作参数对颗粒碰撞行为影响的三维图。研究结果有助于促进流化床换热防垢节能技术的工业化应用。     

气-固循环流化床换热器的传热性能与压降

为强化气相换热,将流化床换热防垢节能技术和气相换热过程相结合,设计并构建了一套气-固循环流化床换热装置.以空气和玻璃珠颗粒作为工质,利用热电阻和差压传感器,系统地考察了颗粒加入量、空气流量和热通量等操作参数对于其传热性能和压降的影响.研究结果表明,玻璃珠颗粒的加入可以明显地强化气相的传热.实验范围内,最大的传热增强因子...     

Particle collision behavior and heat transfer performance in a Na2SO4 circulating fluidized bed evaporator

The particle collision behavior and heat transfer performance are investigated to reveal the heat transfer enhancement and fouling prevention mechanism in a Na₂SO₄ circulating fluidized bed evaporator. The particle collision signals are analyzed with standard deviation by varying the amount of added particles ε (1%–3%), circulation flow velocity u (0.37–1.78 m·s^-1), and heat flux q (7.29–12.14 kW·m^-2). The results show that the enhancement factor reach up to 14.6% by adding polytetrafluoroethylene particles at ε = 3%, u = 1.78 m·s^-1, and q = 7.29 kW·m^-2. Both the standard deviation of the particle collision signal and enhancement factor increase with the increase in the amount of added particles. The standard deviation increases with the increase in circulation flow velocity; however, the enhancement factor initially decreases and then increases. The standard deviation slightly decreases with the increase in heat flux at low circulation flow velocity, but initially increases and then decreases at high circulation flow velocity. The enhancement factor decreases with the increase in heat flux. The enhancement factor in Na₂SO₄ solution is superior to that in water at high amount of added particles. The empirical correlation for heat transfer is established, and the model results agree well with the experimental data.