一种新颖的双三相感应电机缺相运行矢量控制

双三相感应电机的绕组开路后,运用传统的旋转坐标变换,不能实现转子磁场定向矢量控制。本文推导出不对称绕组结构的解耦旋转坐标变换,并提出了一种基于不对称绕组结构的转子磁场定向矢量控制新颖策略,运用PI调节器,使得定子侧谐波电流最小化,降低定子侧谐波损耗。在MATLAB MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件下,建立相应的仿真模型,仿真结果验证本文所提出控制策略的正确性和有效性。     

Power factor enhancement of induction machines by means ofsolid-state excitation

A novel concept for power factor correction of induction machines is introduced that employs an auxiliary three-phase stator winding together with a pulse-width-modulated (PWM) inverter to supply excitation power to the machine. When the PWM inverter is modeled as an equivalent capacitor, it is shown that two values of capacitance will yield unity power factor at a given operating condition. The effect of machine parameters on the critical value of capacitance is examined. A control algorithm to ensure unity power factor at the terminals of the main stator windings is presented, and its satisfactory operation is verified by means of a detailed analog computer simulation     

Efficiency Analysis of PWM Inverter Fed Three-Phase and Dual Three-Phase High Frequency Induction Machines for Low/Medium Power Applications

A performance analysis of three-phase and dual three-phase (DTP) induction pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverter-fed motor drives is conducted in this paper. The focus is on the efficiency performance of high-frequency DTP machines compared to their three-phase counterparts in low/medium power applications. For this purpose, a DTP machine, having two sets of stator three-phase windings spatially shifted by 30 electrical degrees (asymmetrical six-phase winding configuration), was tested for both six-phase and three-phase winding configurations under the same magnetic conditions. Simulation and experimental results are presented to evaluate the efficiency performance of three-phase and dual-three induction motor drives employing PWM voltage source inverters.     

Conceptual design of an electrical machine with both low and high Tc superconductors

The emergence of high T_c superconducting (HTS) wires with large critical current densities allows the design and construction of many applications, for example, rotating electrical machines. Nevertheless, the current “state of the art” of Bi “powder in tube” wires, the most advanced HTS conductor, is not adequate for an ac operation. We thus propose a fully superconducting synchronous machine with an NbTi stationary 4 K armature and a rotating Bi-2223 field winding at 20 or 40 K. Thanks to the armature cryogenic environment, the cooling of the Bi coils is very simple. The conceptual design of a typical machine is suggested and several electromagnetic designs are presented. The first one deals with a Bi field winding adapted to an existing NbTi armature of a tenth of kYA. Afterwards, large torque motors are theoretically designed comparing the high (at 20 and 40 K) and low T_c field winding solutions. The results are comparable for NbTi and Bi at 20 K. But with a Bi field winding operating at 40 K, the performances are degraded. Otherwise, at 4 or 20 K fully superconducting motors show high performances in terms of weight, volume, and efficiency. Nevertheless, the Bi field windings require a large amount of material indicating that improvements in critical current density are needed     

Modeling and Real-Time Simulation of Internal Faults in Synchronous Generators With Parallel-Connected Windings

In large synchronous generators, the stator windings are usually parallel-connected in order to increase the machine current capacity. In analysis and modeling, the parallel windings are usually lumped into one equivalent stator winding since equal currents flow in these windings. However, when an internal fault occurs in the windings, the symmetry between the parallel windings is broken and different currents will flow in the parallel windings since unsymmetrical magnetic linkage may exist between the stator windings. The aim of this paper is to present a simulation model to investigate the internal fault currents of large synchronous generators with parallel-connected windings. This model is based on a modified winding function theory that takes into account all space harmonics. Moreover, the calculation of the machine inductances is made easier by the use of the machine electrical parameters instead of the geometrical ones. The simulation results illustrate the existence of different currents in parallel windings in the case of internal faults. Results are given for an implementation of the internal fault model in a real-time simulator of large power networks     

A New Model of Synchronous Machine Internal Faults Based on Winding Distribution

A synchronous machine internal faults model based on the actual winding arrangement is described in this paper. Based on the winding function approach, the machine inductances are calculated directly from the machine winding distribution, thereby the space harmonics produced by the machine windings are readily taken into account. Moreover, the calculation of the machine inductances is made easier by the use of the machine electrical parameters instead of the geometrical ones. Simulation results for internal faults on a laboratory generator are compared with experimental results to verify the accuracy of the proposed model     

Independent field-oriented control of two split-phase induction motors from a single six-phase inverter

Split-phase (six-phase) induction motor stator windings consist of two sets of three phase windings, which are spatially phase separated by 30 electrical degrees. Due to mutual cancellation of the air gap flux for all the 6n/spl plusmn/1 (n=1,3,5...) order harmonic voltages, called zero sequence components, large harmonic currents are generated in the stator phases. Only the 12n/spl plusmn/1 (n=0,1,2,3...)-order harmonic voltage components contribute toward the air gap flux and electromagnetic torque production in the machine. In this paper, a novel scheme is proposed where two six-phase induction motors are connected in series with proper phase sequence so that the zero sequence component voltages of one machine act as torque and flux producing components for the other. Thus, the two six-phase motors can be independently controlled from a single six-phase inverter. A vector control scheme for the dual motor drive is developed and experimentally verified in this paper.     

Total Airgap Flux Minimization in Dual Stator Winding Induction Machines

Multiphase machines are gaining attention in specific applications due to their increased reliability and the possibility to split the power between more than one inverter. Dual stator winding machines can be seen under certain conditions as two independent induction machines coupled by the rotor. To ensure control independence of both windings, airgap flux saturation must be avoided. Proper flux synchronization of both windings is required to achieve this goal while maximizing the torque per ampere ratio of the machine. The conditions to obtain proper orientation of the fluxes are discussed in this paper, and the inverter control scheme to perform such orientation is developed.     

Winding distribution effects on induction motor rotor fault diagnosis

The sidebands around stator currents harmonics as a potential tool for supporting the diagnosis of rotor faults in induction motors are analyzed in this paper. The presence of broken bars introduces high frequency components in the machine currents spectrum in addition to the characteristic sidebands around the fundamental component. These additional components are due to the interaction between, rotor asymmetry and either the voltage harmonics, or winding distribution, or rotor slots. In particular, the components at frequencies near to fifth and seventh harmonics, produced by the interaction between the rotor faults and the harmonics of the spatial distribution of stator windings, are analyzed in this work. A multiple coupled circuit model of the induction motor is used to evaluate the sensitivity of these components for different stator winding configurations, load level, supply voltage conditions, and different number of broken bars. Simulation results showed that a particular analyzed component near to fifth harmonic depends mainly on fifth harmonic of winding distribution, which remains almost constant for most common distributions. Therefore, it is expected that this component should be found in most motors with broken bars. Finally, experimental laboratory results and two industrial cases that validate the analysis are presented.     

Eccentricity Fault Diagnosis of a Dual-Stator Winding Induction Machine Drive Considering the Slotting Effects

To point out the effects of eccentricity within a dual-stator winding induction machine, one needs to detect the high frequency corresponding to the interaction of both eccentricity and slotting effects. In this paper, a model of this kind of machine, whose rotor is mixed–eccentric, has been suggested. One considers slotting effects. This induction machine has two sets of stator three-phase windings electrically shifted by an angle $alpha$. This model will be used to analyze the impact of the defect on the machine. It will be seen that the analytical expression of inductances can be directly exploited to predict the eccentricity-related frequencies. First, the impact of the defect will be investigated under an open-loop condition, i.e., the motor will be supplied by the volt-per-hertz control mode. Second, the motors will be supplied by using the indirect rotor field-oriented control. One will see the fault propagation on the control variables, which can be used as a tool for diagnosis under closed-loop conditions. Comparisons between simulation and experimental results will be performed to evaluate the effectiveness of this experiment.      

Analyse eines neuen Stromrichter- und Flussregelkonzepts zur Realisierung hochdynamischer Asynchronmaschinenantriebe mit extrem weitem Feldschwächbereich

The paper presents an inverter concept for the realization of an induction machine drive with an extremely wide constant power range. The stator winding of the induction machine is split up into two isolated and quasi-bifilar wound three-phase winding systems. The series operation of the two winding sets provides very high torque at low stator frequencies while keeping the machine terminal and the inverter DC link current relatively low. However, due to the high number of turns field weakening is necessary at low frequencies (approximately at 50% of rated speed) already. Nevertheless, with the help of an electronic transition from series to parallel stator winding arrangement the machine flux can be restored to its nominal value as given for rated machine speed. Consequently, the break-down torque is increased by a factor of 4 which gives the basis for a high maximum speed with constant machine power.     

Optimizing current control performance in double windingasynchronous motors in large power inverter drives

The operation of AC drives in applications requiring high overload capability imposes hard working conditions on the electronic switching devices. The use of induction motors with two stator windings, fed by two inverter modules, allows large power rating in variable speed drives for high performance applications. This paper shows the structure and the main features of a field-oriented control for a double winding motor, fed by two GTO inverters. The operational results of an 850 kW drive, working as a melt pump in a polyethylene plant, are reported in order to describe the obtained performances     

Analytical calculation of the RFOC method in single-phase induction motor

This study discusses the different techniques for speed control of single-phase induction motor with two asymmetrical main and auxiliary windings based on Rotor Field-Oriented Control (RFOC) method. In the presented methods, transformation matrices are introduced and applied to the equations of single-phase induction motor. It is shown by applying these rotational transformations to the unbalanced equations of single-phase induction motor, equations of single-phase induction motor are transformed into symmetrical equations. These rotational transformations are achieved based from the steady-state equivalent circuit of single-phase induction motor. Finally, a method for RFOC of single-phase induction motor is proposed. Results show the good performance of the proposed method.     

Sensorless control of induction Machines at zero and low frequency using zero sequence currents

This paper considers both flux and rotor position estimations for sensorless control of delta-connected cage induction machines (IMs) at low and zero frequency operation. The variation of leakage inductance due to either saturation or rotor slotting is tracked by measuring the derivative of the zero sequence current in response to the application of appropriate voltage test vectors. The method requires only a single extra sensor. It requires access to machine phase windings and is appropriate for integrated-type induction motor drives. Both a closed-slot and an open-slot machine is used to demonstrate rotor flux and rotor position tracking, respectively. Experimental results are presented showing sensorless torque control and sensorless speed and position control at low and zero frequencies.     

Active and reactive power control for doubly-fed wound rotorinduction generator

A power control system for a doubly fed wound rotor induction generator has been developed. This power control system applies a control method using a rotating reference frame fixed on the gap flux of the generator, and can control active and reactive power independently and stably. The characteristics of the control system have been proved by experiment. Harmonic currents fed to the rotor windings are transmitted to the stator winding changing its frequency. The transmitting characteristics of the harmonic currents have been analyzed and verified by experiments     

An Effective Neural Approach for the Automatic Location of Stator Interturn Faults in Induction Motor

This paper presents a neural approach to detect and locate automatically an interturn short-circuit fault in the stator windings of the induction machine. The fault detection and location are achieved by a feedforward multilayer-perceptron neural network (NN) trained by back propagation. The location process is based on monitoring the three-phase shifts between the line current and the phase voltage of the machine. The required data for training and testing the NN are experimentally generated from a three-phase induction motor with different interturn short-circuit faults. Simulation, as well as experimental, results are presented in this paper to demonstrate the effectiveness of the used method.      

MIT-EEI program on large superconducting machines

A progress report on the program at MIT to demonstrate the feasibility and potentials for the application of superconductors in the rotating field windings of large central station synchronous generators is presented. A brief history of the program and a synopsis of previously reported results are given. The second ex-experimental machine (which will have a rating of about 2 MVA) is described.     

Independent Control of Average Torque and Radial Force in Bearingless Switched-Reluctance Motors With Hybrid Excitations

Radial force and torque are the control objectives that determine the machine performance of levitation and rotation in a bearingless switched reluctance motor (BSRM). This paper proposes a control scheme for rotating and levitating a 12/8 BSRM. The motor average torque and radial force are independently controlled with hybrid excitations in main windings and levitation windings. First, the mathematical relationship between radial force and currents, which is utilized in this paper, is derived by using the Maxwell stress tensor method. Then, the proposed control scheme is analyzed. The average torque of each phase generated in the levitation region equals zero for its symmetry of the aligned position. Accordingly, the current calculating algorithm is deduced to minimize the magnitude of instantaneous torque in the levitation region. The principle and realization of the proposed scheme are demonstrated with finite-element (FE) analysis. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is effective for a stable levitation.      

一种具有容错功能的无轴承薄片电机的原理及其实现

本文研究了一种可以实现容错功能的无轴承薄片电机的工作原理和结构设计。详细推导了当无轴承薄片电机在采用单绕组结构并采用定子绕组电流功率最优约束下的径向悬浮力和转矩的数学模型,并由此推导出了电机在绕组完整和绕组故障时的不同定子电流模型,同时给出了相应的控制策略和样机系统设计。实验样机调试结果表明：采用单绕组结构的无轴承薄片电机成功实现了转子在径向、轴向和扭转方向上的5自由度全悬浮。     

Frequency-dependent resistance in Litz-wire planar windings for domestic induction heating appliances

In this paper, the frequency-dependent resistance in Litz-wire planar windings for domestic induction heating appliances is analyzed. For these inductors, in which the size is not an essential constraint, an analytical model is developed based on the superposition of different loss effects in the wire. Eddy current losses, including conduction losses and proximity-effect losses, both internal and external, were considered and modeled. The magnetic field necessary to evaluate the external proximity losses is as well analytically calculated considering the complete winding and load properties. To verify this model and its limitations, several inductors with different wires and numbers of turns were constructed and results with both non-loaded and loaded inductors are compared with theoretical predictions.