红外无线局域网MAC性能分析与优化

用红外线作为室内无线通信传输媒质的红外无线局域网,由于具有成本低、功耗小等特性,现已逐渐被广泛应用;分析了红外无线局域网媒质访问控制层协议及其所存在的问题;推导了红外无线局域网归一化吞吐量的计算公式,研究了竞争窗口的大小与调芍方式,在此基础上对网络的媒质接入性能进行了优化设计,提出了红外自适应接入算法,弥补了现有红外局域网的不足之处;利用OPNET仿真软件,对优化后的红外自适应接入性能进行了仿真验证。     

基于PWLAN GPF的QoS性能分析与仿真

基于IEEE802.11协议中PCF/DCF技术,在无线局域网(WLAN)中,介绍了GPF的系统结构和数据帧格式等。分别对基于IEEE802.11b媒体接入控制(MAC)协议、基于IEEE802.11e媒体接入控制(MAC)协议以及基于业务划分Qos的GPF仿真的时间参数和接入原则等进行了说明。在PWLAN的3种测试环境下,对802.11b、802.11e、GPF协议的整体性能进行了仿真,并对其结果进行了分析。     

Ad Hoc中一种改进后退机制的基于多包接收的MAC算法

物理层多包接收技术的发展给利用物理层多包接收能力的媒体接入控制（MAC）协议的设计带来了挑战。IEEE802.11 DCF是目前WIAN最成熟的分布式MAC协议之一，对其在多包接收模型下进行性能改善将有很大的应用价值。在物理层具有多包接收能力的基础上，提出了一种改进的802.11 DCF协议，并将该协议应用于现有的基于802.11 DCF的多包接收MAC算法（MDCF），理论分析和NS-2仿真实验结果表明，该算法与IEEE 802.11 DCF和MDCF相比，在网络吞吐量和时延性能方面有很大的改善。     

一种IEEE 802.11中慢启动递减的竞争窗口控制算法

本文在研究现有的无线局域网802.11 MAC层拥塞控制的基础上,提出了一种增强的拥塞控制性能的算法,称为"慢启动递减算法"(SSDS:Slow-Start Decrease Scheme).该算法通过修改802.11的MAC层中的DCF(Distributed Coordination Function)子协议,改善了IEEE802.11无线局域网在拥塞情况下的性能,提高了网络吞吐量.文中通过仿真对算法进行了分析和研究.     

无线传感器网络MAC协议的研究与改进

研究和分析了当前无线传感器网络(WSN)中介质访问控制(MAC)协议、IEEE802.11和IEEE802.15.4 MAC协议的各种性能,并结合传感网络介质访问协议(S-MAC)中低占空比休眠机制对IEEE802.15.4介质访问协议进行改进.用NS-2仿真软件对各种协议进行仿真,仿真结果表明改进后的MAC协议可大...     

无线局域网MAC接入性能研究

主要研究无线局域网MAC接入性能,从IEEE 802.11协议、无线局域网接入性能两个方面对这个问题进行了研究,无线局域网灵活,安全性高,扩展方便的优势是有线网络不能比的,但是无线局域网MAC接入性能在复杂的网络运行环境下存在较大的波动,有必要对其进行深入研究。     

IEEE802.11无线局域网EDCF接入研究与仿真

分析了现有IEEE 802.11无线局域网的基本接入机制DCF(Distributed Coordination Function)对QoS(Quality of Service)技术支持的局限性,介绍了未来具有QoS保证的IEEE 802.11e标准采用的一种新的MAC层接入机制EDCF(Enhanced DCF).对EDCF的性能进行了仿真,并对比原有DCF的性能对仿真结果进行了分析.     

VANET/LTE-Advanced异构网络中基于协议序列-IEEE 802.11p的信道接入机制

摘要：提出了VANET/LTE-Advanced异构网络架构,并重新规划信道使用及接入模式,提高车载设备之间通信的有效性,增强公平性并兼顾自由度。以车辆间通信为研究对象,深入剖析并比较IEEE 802.11p MAC协议,基于协议序列信道接入机制,提出基于协议序列-IEEE 802.11p的信道接入算法,将“基于调度”与“基于竞争”的信道接入结合,完善IEEE 802.11p MAC层协议。仿真结果表明,基于协议序列-IEEE 802.11p的信道接入机制与UI模式及IEEE 802.11p模式相比,实现了用户平均吞吐量和平均数据分组发送时延性能的权衡,具有理论价值和实用价值。     

多跳结构分组无线网络的性能分析

本文提出了一种应用IEEE 802.11 MAC中RTS/CTS协议的多跳分组无线网络,分析了它的吞吐量,并与时隙ALOHA、CSMA多址接入协议下的网络性能作了比较.最小ID号的分群算法可以通过较少的控制信息快速得到顽健的分群网络结构,选用合适的MAC协议能充分有效地利用多信道.不过,两跳的分群结构使得在群内使用CSMA仍无法避免隐藏终端问题,IEEE 802.11 MAC协议中的RTS/CTS接入方式大大减小了隐藏间的分组碰撞时间,从而提高了网络性能.     

基于新一代Wi-Fi的MAC层关键技术的仿真与分析

分析了新一代Wi-Fi(即IEEE 802.11ac)的MAC层技术,重点研究了IEEE 802.11ac的分布式协调功能和增强的分布式信道接入技术带来的系统增益,并对IEEE 802.11ac MAC层是否采用帧聚合和块应答机制时的数据吞吐效率、在不同信道接入技术下用户业务的公平性进行了仿真和分析。仿真和分析表明增强的分布式信道接入技术相对于传统的分布式协同功能可以显著提升系统吞吐量,并且MAC层通过采用帧聚合和块应答机制,提升了MAC层相对物理层的吞吐率,降低了MAC层协议固有的系统开销所带来的“短板效应”。     

Analytical modeling of bidirectional multi‐channel IEEE 802.11 MAC protocols

This paper presents an analytical approach to model the bi‐directional multi‐channel IEEE 802.11 MAC protocols (Bi‐MCMAC) for ad hoc networks. Extensive simulation work has been done for the performance evaluation of IEEE 802.11 MAC protocols. Since simulation has several limitations, this work is primarily based on the analytical approach. The objective of this paper is to show analytically the performance advantages of Bi‐MCMAC protocol over the classical IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol. The distributed coordination function (DCF) mode of medium access control (MAC) is considered in the modeling. Two different channel scheduling strategies, namely, random channel selection and fastest channel first selection strategy are also presented in the presence of multiple channels with different transmission rates. M/G/1 queue is used to model the protocols, and stochastic reward nets (SRNs) are employed as a modeling technique as it readily captures the synchronization between events in the DCF mode of access. The average system throughput, mean delay, and server utilization of each MAC protocol are evaluated using the SRN formalism. We also validate our analytical model by comparison with simulation results. The results obtained through the analytical modeling approach illustrate the performance advantages of Bi‐MCMAC protocols with the fastest channel first scheduling strategy over the classical IEEE 802.11 protocol for TCP traffic in wireless ad hoc networks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance modeling of asynchronous data transfer methods of IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol

To satisfy the needs of wireless data networking, study group 802.11 was formed under IEEE project 802 to recommend an international standard for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). A key part of standard are the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol needed to support asynchronous and time bounded delivery of data frames. It has been proposed that unslotted Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) be the basis for the IEEE 802.11 WLAN MAC protocols. We conduct performance evaluation of the asynchronous data transfer protocols that are a part of the proposed IEEE 802.11 standard taking into account the decentralized nature of communication between stations, the possibility of “capture”, and presence of “hidden” stations. We compute system throughput and evaluate fairness properties of the proposed MAC protocols. Further, the impact of spatial characteristics on the performance of the system and that observed by individual stations is determined. A comprehensive comparison of the access methods provided by the 802.11 MAC protocol is done and observations are made as to when each should be employed. Extensive numerical and simulation results are presented to help understand the issues involved. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Performance Analysis of the Advanced Infrared (AIr) CSMA/CA MAC Protocol for Wireless LANs

Advanced Infrared (AIr) is a proposed standard of the Infrared Data Association (IrDA) for indoor infrared LANs. AIr Medium Access Control (MAC) employs Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) techniques with Request To Send/Clear To Send (RTS/CTS) frame exchange to address the hidden station problem. A long Collision Avoidance Slot (CAS) duration, that includes the beginning of the CTS frame, is defined to cope with collisions caused from hidden stations. AIr MAC employs linear adjustment of the Contention Window (CW) size to minimize delays emerging from the long CAS duration. This paper provides a simple and accurate analytical model for the linear CW adjustment that calculates AIr throughput assuming a finite number of stations and error free channel transmissions. Validity of the model is verified by comparing analysis with simulation results. By examining the first derivative of the throughput equation, we derive the optimum CW size that maximizes throughput as a function of the network size. In the case of the AIr protocol, where a collision lasts exactly one CAS, different conclusions result for maximum throughput as compared with the corresponding conclusions for the similar IEEE 802.11 protocol. Using the proposed model, we present an extensive AIr throughput performance evaluation. The effectiveness of physical and link layer parameters on throughput performance is explored. The proposed long CAS duration combined with CW linear adjustment are proven quite effective. Linear CW adjustment combined with the long CAS duration offer an efficient collision avoidance scheme that does not suffer from collisions caused from hidden stations.     

Performance Analysis for a New Medium Access Control Protocol in Wireless LANs

One fundamental issue in high-speed wireless local area networks (LANs) is to develop efficient medium access control (MAC) protocols. In this paper, we focus on the performance improvement in both MAC layer and transport layer by using a novel medium access control protocol for high-speed wireless LANs deploying carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). We first present a recently proposed distributed contention-based MAC protocol utilizing a Fast Collision Resolution (FCR) algorithm and show that the proposed FCR algorithm provides high throughput and low latency while improving the fairness performance. The performance of the FCR algorithm is compared with that of the IEEE 802.11 MAC algorithm via extensive simulation studies on both MAC layer and transport layer. The results show that the FCR algorithm achieves a significantly higher efficiency than the IEEE 802.11 MAC and can significantly improve transport layer performance.     

MAC protocols using directional antennas in IEEE 802.11 based ad hoc networks

Using directional antennas can be beneficial for wireless ad hoc networks consisting of a collection of wireless hosts. The most important benefit includes a reduction of the radio interference. Thus, it can significantly increase the spatial reuse, thereby improving the network throughput. To best utilize directional antennas, a suitable Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol must be designed. Current MAC protocols, such as the IEEE 802.11 standard, do not benefit when using directional antennas, because these protocols have been designed for omnidirectional antennas. In this paper, we present modified MAC protocols suitable for 802.11 based ad hoc networks using directional antennas. Our comprehensive simulation results demonstrate the performance improvement obtained with the proposed protocols. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

IEEE 802.11n MAC Enhancement and Performance Evaluation

The IEEE 802.11-based WiFi wireless technology is one of the most promising technologies to provide ubiquitous networking access. The IEEE 802.11 working group has always strived to improve this wireless technology through creating new amendments to the base 802.11 standard. Recently, IEEE 802.11n amendment was created to enhance 802.11 for higher throughput operation. Not only new Physical Layer enhancements are standardized, but new Medium Access Control Layer mechanism are also defined. In this paper, we examine the network performance enhancement by the proposed 802.11n MAC layer features: aggregation, block acknowledgement, and reverse direction mechanism. We implemented a new 802.11n module in the NS-2 simulation platform. The simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of 802.11n MAC layer enhancement. VoIP performance is effectively improved with 802.11n MAC enhancement.     

Reactive routing evaluation using modified 802.11a with realistic vehicular mobility

Realistic mobility dynamics and underlying PHY/MAC layer implementation affect real deployment of routing protocols in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). Currently, dedicated short range communication devices are using wireless access in vehicular environment (WAVE) mode of operation, but now IEEE is standardizing 802.11p WAVE. This work presents an in-depth simulation-based analysis of two reactive routing protocols, i.e., dynamic source routing (DSR) and ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) with modified IEEE 802.11a PHY/MAC layers (comparable to 802.11p) in modified VANET mobility models (freeway, stop sign, and traffic sign) in terms of load, throughput, delay, number of hops, and retransmission attempts. Results obtained using OPNET simulator show that in urban/highway mobility scenarios, AODV??s performance with forthcoming 802.11p at high bit rate would be better than DSR in terms of high throughput, less delay, and retransmission attempts. Moreover, this comprehensive evaluation will assist to address challenges associated with future deployment of routing protocols integrated upon devices with upcoming IEEE 802.11p, concerning specific macro-/micro-mobility scenarios.     

Design and performance of an enhanced IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol for multihop coverage extension

Ad hoc communication is gaining popularity, not only for pure ad hoc communication networks but also as a viable solution for coverage extension in wireless networks. Especially for upcoming WLAN hotspots, this is an interesting option to decrease installation costs. In this article we introduce a new MAC protocol that needs only marginal changes to the standard and enables efficient multihop networking. We advocate the use of multiple IEEE 802.11 channels, where one channel is reserved as a common signalling channel for the task of assigning the others (data channels) among wireless terminals. The proposed MAC protocols are based on a four-way handshake over the common signalling channel, while data transmission occurs on a dedicated channel. We propose a further optimization applying multiple wireless network interface cards. This improvement in performance comes at the price of a slightly more complex hardware. Two different simulation models are implemented to investigate our approach. The first model investigates the MAC protocol and its improvements, while the second model analyzes the multihop performance in terms of delivery ratio and transmission delay. BY means of numerous simulations we present the performance of our MAC approach in comparison with two standard approaches in terms of bandwidth, packet delivery, and transmission delay. For our performance evaluation we apply the IEEE 802.11a technology, but we note that our approach can also be used for IEEE 802.11b.