头孢菌素类抗生素的电喷雾多级串联质谱分析

采用电喷雾多级串联质谱技术,对头孢呋辛、头孢噻吩钠、头孢硫脒、头孢噻利、头孢西丁钠五种头孢菌素类抗生素进行了系统研究,总结了该类化合物的电喷雾质谱特征断裂机理。该类化合物在电喷雾正离子或负离子模式下,均发生C-3位侧链C-X(X=O、N、S)键的特征断裂,为头孢菌素类抗生素化合物结构鉴定提供了新方法。在负离子模式下,头孢呋辛二级质谱中β-内酰胺环发生开环断裂,与文献结果一致;在电喷雾正离子模式下,头孢噻吩钠、头孢噻利、头孢西丁钠多级串联质谱中均失去C-7位侧链上一分子CO。     

Multi-dimensional mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics and novel strategies for lipidomic analyses

Since our last comprehensive review on multi-dimensional mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics (Mass Spectrom. Rev. 24 (2005), 367), many new developments in the field of lipidomics have occurred. These developments include new strategies and refinements for shotgun lipidomic approaches that use direct infusion, including novel fragmentation strategies, identification of multiple new informative dimensions for mass spectrometric interrogation, and the development of new bioinformatic approaches for enhanced identification and quantitation of the individual molecular constituents that comprise each cell's lipidome. Concurrently, advances in liquid chromatography-based platforms and novel strategies for quantitative matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for lipidomic analyses have been developed. Through the synergistic use of this repertoire of new mass spectrometric approaches, the power and scope of lipidomics has been greatly expanded to accelerate progress toward the comprehensive understanding of the pleiotropic roles of lipids in biological systems.     

电喷雾萃取电离和电喷雾电离所获一价正离子内能差异的比较研究

电喷雾萃取电离（EESI）和电喷雾电离（ESI）均属于软电离技术,但EESI比ESI更温和,能更好地保持蛋白质的构象。本研究以一价正离子为例,分别采用EESI和ESI技术对罗丹明B准分子离子m/z 443的裂解行为进行多级串联质谱研究,考察了不同碰撞能量对裂解行为的影响,建立了这两种离子源产生的离子内能差异（简称内能差异）的定量测定方法,并探讨了该方法的影响因素及适用范围。结果表明,EESI与ESI离子源的内能差异为11.5 eV。该方法可为其他不同离子源产生的离子内能差异比较提供基本思路,也可为深刻理解不同离子源产生离子的质谱行为提供参考。     

柱后辅助有机溶剂喷雾对液相色谱-电喷雾-质谱分析的影响

溶剂的组成影响电喷雾离子（ESI）化效率。该研究观察了ESI溶剂体系中不同浓度的乙腈（ACN）对MRFA、Reserpine、ΜLtramark1621、马肌球蛋白酶切肽段等标准物质的质谱信号响应强度的影响,发现在溶剂体系中,ACN浓度达到70%时,上述物质的质谱信号强度具有最大值。根据这一现象, 对传统的反相色谱-电喷雾-质谱（RPLC-ESI-MS）系统进行管路改造,在分析柱后通过1个三通阀引入适当流速的有机溶剂进行辅助喷雾。对马心肌蛋白酶切肽段混合物的分析表明,该方法可以有效提高酶切肽段的检出率,并提高鉴定蛋白质的序列覆盖率。     

基于电喷雾质谱的反应监测研究进展

电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)因具有灵敏度高、响应速度快、分辨率高、原位在线监测等特点,广泛应用于反应监测领域。本文主要从不同离子化技术角度,综述了电喷雾质谱在反应监测和机理研究方面的进展。重点介绍了在线电喷雾质谱技术,其中包括解吸附电喷雾离子化质谱（DESI-MS）、萃取电喷雾离子化质谱（EESI-MS）、纳升电喷雾离子化质谱（nESI-MS）、超声喷雾离子化质谱（SSI-MS）以及其他在线电喷雾离子化质谱在反应监测中的应用。最后,对电喷雾质谱在反应监测的发展趋势进行总结和展望。     

Recent trends of capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry in proteomics research

Progress in proteomics research has led to a demand for powerful analytical tools with high separation efficiency and sensitivity for confident identification and quantification of proteins, posttranslational modifications, and protein complexes expressed in cells and tissues. This demand has significantly increased interest in capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry (CE‐MS) in the past few years. This review provides highlights of recent advances in CE‐MS for proteomics research, including a short introduction to top‐down mass spectrometry and native mass spectrometry (native MS), as well as a detailed overview of CE methods. Both the potential and limitations of these methods for the analysis of proteins and peptides in synthetic and biological samples and the challenges of CE methods are discussed, along with perspectives about the future direction of CE‐MS. @ 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 00:1–16, 2019.     

绣线菊二萜生物碱电喷雾质谱研究

描述了应用电喷雾二级串联质谱的撞击能量差别来确定不同骨架的二萜生物碱的方法。在优化质谱条件后 ,分析 9个绣线菊二萜生物碱裂解途径。结果表明 :Hetisine型二萜生物碱二级裂解比 Atisine型二萜生物碱二级裂解所需的能量高 ,因此可以用电喷雾二级串联质谱的撞击能量差别来简便快速地鉴定粉花绣线菊不同变种中二萜生物碱的结构类型     

牛膝中三萜皂苷类化合物的电喷雾电离串级质谱研究

采用大孔树脂柱层析分离方法分离提取牛膝 (Achyranthesbientata BI)中的三帖皂苷类化合物。通过相对分子质量及电喷雾电离多级串连质谱 (ESI-MSn)技术分别对牛膝提取物中的有效成分牛膝皂苷 (相对分子质量 95 6)、牛膝皂苷 (相对分子质量 794)进行定性分析 ,并提出了其电喷雾质谱碎裂机理。该方法样品处理简单 ,分析速度快且灵敏度高 ,适用作为牛膝有效成分三萜皂苷类物质鉴定的依据。     

Matrix-free methods for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is a soft ionization mass spectrometric method that has become a preeminent technique in the analysis of a wide variety of compounds including polymers and proteins. The main drawback of MALDI is that it is difficult to analyze low molecular weight compounds (<1,000 m/z) because the matrix that allows MALDI to work interferes in this mass range. In recent years there has been considerable interest in developing laser desorption/ionization (LDI) techniques for the analysis of small molecules. This review examines the approaches to matrix-free LDI mass spectrometry including desorption/ionization on silicon (DIOS), sol-gels, and carbon-based microstructures. For the purposes of this review matrix-free methods are defined as those that do not require matrix to be mixed with the analyte and therefore does not require co-crystallization. The review will also examine mechanisms of ionization and applications of matrix-free LDI-MS.     

Investigation of intact protein complexes by mass spectrometry

Mass spectrometry has grown in recent years to a well-accepted and increasingly important complementary technique in structural biology. Especially electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is well suited for the detection of non-covalent protein complexes and their interactions with DNA, RNA, ligands, and cofactors. Over the last decade, significant advances have been made in the ionization and mass analysis techniques, which makes the investigation of even larger and more heterogeneous intact assemblies feasible. These technological developments have paved the way to study intact non-covalent protein-protein interactions, assembly and disassembly in real time, subunit exchange, cooperativity effects, and effects of cofactors, allowing us a better understanding of proteins in cellular processes. In this review, we describe some of the latest developments and several highlights.     

电喷雾萃取电离-串联质谱中N,N-二乙基苯胺类化合物的特征碎裂反应

掌握串联质谱中的裂解反应是深刻理解质谱裂解规律,从而对复杂基体中相关化合物进行快速、精准结构解析的关键。本文以电喷雾萃取电离-串联质谱(EESI-MS/MS)为手段,研究N,N-二乙基苯胺类化合物的串联质谱行为,考察不同的取代基模式对裂解反应的影响,揭示裂解反应机理,总结该类化合物发生裂解反应的特征和基本规律。研究结果不仅丰富了气相离子化学的研究内容,还从根本上降低了检测的假阳性率,为实际样品中相关化合物的结构分析鉴定提供了科学依据。     

Genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms by mass spectrometry

In the last decade, the demand for high-throughput DNA analysis methods has dramatically increased, mainly due to the advent of the human genome sequencing project that is now nearing completion. Even though mass spectrometry did not contribute to that project, it is clear that it will have an important role in the post-genome sequencing era, in genomics and proteomics. In genomics, mainly matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry will contribute to large-scale single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping projects. Here, the development and history of DNA analysis by mass spectrometry is reviewed and put into the context with the requirements of genomics. All major contributions to the field and their status and limitations are described in detail.     

Imaging mass spectrometry

Imaging mass spectrometry combines the chemical specificity and parallel detection of mass spectrometry with microscopic imaging capabilities. The ability to simultaneously obtain images from all analytes detected, from atomic to macromolecular ions, allows the analyst to probe the chemical organization of a sample and to correlate this with physical features. The sensitivity of the ionization step, sample preparation, the spatial resolution, and the speed of the technique are all important parameters that affect the type of information obtained. Recently, significant progress has been made in each of these steps for both secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging of biological samples. Examples demonstrating localization of proteins in tumors, a reduction of lamellar phospholipids in the region binding two single celled organisms, and sub-cellular distributions of several biomolecules have all contributed to an increasing upsurge in interest in imaging mass spectrometry. Here we review many of the instrumental developments and methodological approaches responsible for this increased interest, compare and contrast the information provided by SIMS and MALDI imaging, and discuss future possibilities.     

甘遂炮制的电喷雾质谱研究

应用电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)技术,根据甘遂中巨大戟二萜醇型化合物在质谱中离子强度的变化情况,采用正交实验法,优化甘遂药材醋炒和醋烘两种炮制工艺的最佳炮制条件,并提出醋烘法的炮制工艺。实验结果表明:醋炒最佳炮制条件为30%醋量,闷制24h,100℃炒25min;醋烘最佳炮制条件为30%醋量,闷制24h,110℃烘40min。     

Mass spectrometry in the biosynthetic and structural investigation of lignins

Lignin, a resistant cell-wall constituent of all vascular plants that consists of ether and carbon-linked methoxyphenols, is still far from being structurally described in detail. The main problem in its structural elucidation is the difficulty of isolating lignin from other wood components without damaging lignin itself. Furthermore, the high number and variegated forms of linkages that occur between the monomeric units and the chemical resistance of certain ether bonds limit the extent to which analytical and degradation procedures can be used to elucidate the lignin structure. Most of our present knowledge about the molecular structure of lignin is based on the analysis of monomers, dimers or, at the most, tetramers of degraded isolated lignins. Mass spectrometry (MS), which offers advantages in terms of speed, specificity, and sensitivity, has revealed to be a very powerful technique in the structural elucidation of lignins, in combination with the great number of chemical and thermal degradation methods available in the study of lignin. Moreover, the recent development of new ionization techniques in MS-electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS-has provided new possibilities to also analyze the undegraded lignin macromolecule.     

β-环糊精催化磷酰化氨基酸水解反应的电喷雾电离质谱研究

利用电喷雾离子阱质谱对 β-环糊精和 N-二异丙氧磷酰化氨基酸的相互作用进行了探讨。结果发现 :β-环糊精能够催化 N-二异丙氧磷酰化氨基酸的水解反应 ,并对 β-环糊精对 N-二异丙氧磷酰化氨基酸的水解反应机制进行了推测。而且还对β-环糊精和 N -二异丙氧磷酰化氨基酸以及氨基酸形成的复合物进行了碰撞诱导裂解 ( CID)研究 ,发现二者具有不同的裂解规律     

HPLC-ESI/MS鉴定十字花科植物中完形硫代葡萄糖甙

采用高效液相色谱 -电喷雾电离串级质谱 (HPLC-ESI/MSn,n=1～ 2 )分别测量羽衣甘蓝及苔菜和样准样品中完型硫代葡萄糖的保留时间和负离子质谱 ,并用这种比较方法确认十字花科植物中 8种未知硫化葡萄糖甙。在 MS质谱中观察到硫代葡萄糖甙峰 [M-K]-,在 MS2 质谱中所有硫代葡萄糖甙都产生 m/z 75和m/z97的碎片峰 ,分别是 [S=C=N-OH]-和 [HSO4]-离子。另外还观察到了和硫代葡萄糖甙侧链有关的 [R-(C=NOH) -S]-离子。     

Analytical mass spectrometry of herbicides

Herbicides are chemical substances that are applied to agricultural soils, gardens, lawns, or plants to destroy or to prevent the growth of undesirable vegetation. The herbicides included in this review are generally synthetic organic compounds that are ingredients in commercial herbicide products that were designated active during late 2002 in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's database of registered and canceled pesticide products. The compounds are organized into 21 categories according to their general chemical structures or a common structural group. The herbicides in each category are discussed in terms of their structures, their database electron ionization mass spectra, and their amenability to separation and measurement with gas chromatography, reversed-phase liquid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. Ionization techniques that are considered here are mainly electron ionization, electrospray, and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Sixty-six references are provided to herbicide reviews, and to the recent herbicide analytical chemistry and mass spectrometry research literature.     

电喷雾萃取电离质谱监测Paal-Knorr反应的研究

在线监测有机化学反应能够实时捕捉反应过程中反应物、中间体、产物的信号及其变化,从而加深对反应机理的认识。本实验采用电喷雾萃取电离质谱法（EESI-MS）实时在线监测甲醇为溶剂、乙酸为催化剂条件下,己二酮和苯胺的Paal-Knorr反应,在反应开始后的不同时间点,分别捕捉到了反应物、中间体、产物及其二聚体的准分子离子信号,并记录了它们在反应过程中随时间变化的趋势。该方法无需对反应体系中各物质进行预处理,缩短了延迟时间（响应时间少于1 s）,能够捕捉到短寿命中间体的信息,具有灵敏度高、特异性好、响应速度快等优点,可为化学反应的机理研究提供新思路。