劣质渣油调配90~#高等级道路沥青的研究

大庆原油经过常减压蒸馏得到劣质渣油,测定劣质渣油的性质,将劣质渣油和标准的70#高等级道路沥青1∶1比例初步调配。然后选择合适的再生剂C,添加8%的再生剂C,成功地调配出符合高等级道路90#石油沥青质量标准(GB50092.96)的合格沥青,从而使劣质渣油有效利用。     

石油渣油制备活性炭研究

活化过程的目的是要赋予活性炭一定的表面特性,从而使之具有一定的吸附性能,活化过程对活性炭的性能有很大影响,活性炭研制中重要的内容,本语文对石油渣油制备活性炭中活化参数的优化进行了研究,结果表明：活化温度、活化介质（水蒸汽）的流量及烧失率均有一个最佳范围,在活化温度为９００℃,水蒸汽流量为０．１５ｍｌ（液）／ｍｉｎ·ｇ、烧失率为５５￣６５％的范围内,活性炭可以获得最佳的表面性质,对最佳活化条件下获得     

石油渣油制备活性炭研究 活化过程对活性炭性能影响研究(二)

活化过程的目的是要赋予活性炭一定的表面特性，从而使之具有一定的吸附性能，活化过程对活性炭的性能有很大影响，活化过程优化是活性炭研制中重要的内容，本文对石油渣油制备活性炭中活化参数的优化进行了研究，结果表明：活化温度、活化介质（ 水蒸汽） 的流量及烧失率均有一个最佳范围，在活化温度为９００℃、水蒸汽流量为０－１５ｍｌ（ 液）／ｍｉｎ ．ｇ 、烧失率为５５ ％ － ６５ ％ 的范围内，活性炭可以获得最佳的表面性质，对最佳活化条件下获得的活性炭孔分布研究表明，活性炭的孔分布窄，最可几孔径在５Ａ－ ６Ａ 之间，接近炭分子筛的孔径，本文还对活化过程的动力学规律进行了研究。     

活性炭负载型催化剂的制备及其在渣油加氢中的应用

渣油加氢工艺是一项重要的渣油深度转化技术,高性能渣油加氢催化剂的研发是其核心。本文介绍了一种新型渣油加氢催化剂——金属/活性炭负载型催化剂,从催化剂制备方法、反应活性、活性相等多个方面,阐述了其在渣油加氢中的应用研究情况。提出应该从增强催化剂机械强度、改进催化剂成型工艺、提高催化剂稳定性等方面改进催化剂的性能。     

钼/活性炭渣油加氢催化剂的制备

渣油加氢工艺是一种渣油深度加工技术,高性能渣油加氢催化剂的研发是其核心。本文以钼酸铵为活性组分前体,采用等体积法制备了钼/活性炭催化剂（Mo/AC）,考察了制备条件如金属负载量、焙烧温度、溶液pH值等对催化剂的影响,利用XRD、SEM、XPS等手段对催化剂进行了表征。在浸渍时间4h,焙烧温度440 ℃条件下制备出负载量8%（以MoO3 计）的Mo/AC 催化剂,活性组分钼呈高度分散的单层分布,催化剂活性评价结果表明,渣油转化率可达79%,馏分油收率为75%,同时,生焦率控制在1.5%的较低水平上。     

渣油加氢技术应用现状及发展前景

渣油加氢技术是实现渣油清洁高效转化的关键技术,正逐渐成为炼厂主要的渣油加工技术手段。本文详细介绍了渣油加氢技术在应对石油需求量不断增加、原油重劣质化趋势加剧、环保法规日益严格、加工利用非常规石油资源等诸多挑战方面的重要性和紧迫性;重点分析了渣油固定床加氢处理技术、沸腾床加氢裂化技术和悬浮床加氢裂化技术的发展现状及未来趋势。渣油固定床加氢处理与催化裂化组合技术将是中长期内发展的重点技术,沸腾床加氢裂化技术需解决装置投资大、操作复杂等问题,悬浮床加氢裂化技术具有独特的优势,推广应用前景看好。     

渣油加氢技术应用现状及发展前景

随着我国社会经济的不断发展,对于石油等能源的需求不断增加。当前我国的原油呈现出重质化和劣质化的质量变化趋势,因此需要寻求有效的技术来减少这种趋势的出现。渣油加氢技术旨在实现渣油的清洁高效转化,并逐渐成为了当前我国炼油厂主要的渣油加工技术。主要阐述了我国渣油加氢技术的现状与发展前景,以供参考。     

渣油重质化劣质化加工的技术经济分析

重质化劣质化的石油资源的高效利用是国内企业关注的热点。以中国石化上海石油化工股份有限公司为例,随着近3年原油综合加工能力的逐年提高,渣油重质化劣质化加工的产量也在不断上升;分析了低硫渣油和高硫渣油在不同应用领域的经济性。在炼化企业产品结构调整过程中具有参考价值,并对其今后的技术进步方向提出了积极的建议。     

石油加工的提升管催化裂化结构技术优化研究

催化裂化作为石油加工的核心装置，其效益的好坏，直接关系到石油加工的质量。为了更好地发挥催化裂化的作用，本文针对大港渣油加工原料的特点，开展了劣质催化裂化原料采用提升管催化裂化结构技术的优化研究。研究表明采用提升管两段催化裂化，与单段催化相比，汽油收率虽然降低，但柴油收率提高，表明两段提升管优化结构技术具有工业优势，即便对非常劣质的催化原料，仍然具有很好的适应性，且操作的灵活性得到极大的提高。     

用延迟焦制造活性炭

活性炭是一种优良的吸附剂,通常应用于化学工业,食品工业.随着科学技术的发展.越来越广泛地被应用干环境保护和净水领域.通常用煤、木材、果壳为原料制造活性炭,活性炭的价格比较高.人们探索研究是否可以从含碳的废弃物作原料如纸浆废液,或以廉价的石油延迟蕉等物质作原料.通过     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。