A Next‐Generation Distribution Automation System Using IEC 61850 GOOSE and Section Switches with Sensors

More and more dispersed power sources will be introduced to achieve a low‐carbon society. However, many problems may occur as a result of excessive introduction in the current power system. For example, delays or failures of fault detection may occur due to a decline in protective relay sensitivity. This paper proposes a new system of protective relays for distribution lines using section switches with sensors to solve the problem. In addition, experimental results on the proposed system composed of Intelligent Electronic Devices based on IEC 61850 are presented.     

配电系统无功电压优化控制的二次规划算法

在配电系统中，通过适当的投切电容器和改变带负荷调压变压器分接头的档位，可以使系统在满足电压要求的前提下全网的能量损耗最小。然而，实际运行中要受到电容器投切次数和分接头档位变化总量的限制，否则将使开关和分接头寿命降低。对于这一无功电压优化控制问题，目前主要采用动态规划算法，但在规模较大的系统中将存在“维数灾”的问题。为此，本文针对配电系统的特点，将数学模型简化为一个二次规划问题，证明了它可以应用Lemke的线性互补规划算法在有限步内求得最优解。用26节点的配电系统作为算例，结果说明了所提方法的有效性和优点。     

配电网时变无功电压优化方法

为降低电能损耗、提高功率因数和保证终端用户的电压质量,针对考虑负荷变化时配电网补偿调压设备的优化控制问题,提出了完整的模型及求解算法。根据系统负荷曲线变化趋势,提出按单调性初步分段进而采用融合的思想使分段数满足补偿调压装置的动作次数约束。应用粒子群优化算法从整体上获得系统一天内的电容器组及有载调压变压器分接头的最优运行方式。算例分析结果表明,这种分段处理方法不仅考虑了负荷的周期变化,而且使控制方案更为简洁、有效。     

配电网中基于网络分区的高比例分布式光伏集群电压控制

随着高比例分布式光伏的接入,配电网的过电压问题愈发严重,传统对所有光伏进行集中式电压控制的方法变得过于复杂,难以满足控制时间尺度的要求。文中提出了一种改进的模块度函数分区算法,结合无功/有功平衡度指标与区内节点耦合度指标,自动形成最佳分区,对含高比例分布式光伏的配电网进行无功与有功两个层面的光伏集群控制。在分区基础上,针对光伏逆变器有功与无功的控制能力,采用先无功后有功的电压控制策略,在子分区内部通过对关键光伏节点的控制来调节关键负荷节点的电压,有效地缩小对可控光伏的搜索范围,减少控制节点数目,加快控制响应时间,适合未来高比例分布式光伏接入配电网的电压控制。最后,以某一10kV实际馈线系统为例,验证所提方法的有效性。     

配电网无功电压优化控制求解的一种新方法

提出将主动禁忌搜索(RTS)算法用于配电网无功电压优化控制问题的求解,并与传统的禁忌搜索(TS)算法进行了比较。在利用RTS算法的求解过程中,使用了反馈机制,可自动调节禁忌表长度,解决了TS中复杂参数设置与调节的问题;由于结合逃逸策略,使搜索有效地跳出局部极小点,避免了TS中可能出现的大循环。通过在算例中的应用表明,RTS算法非常适合对该问题的求解,比TS具有更好的灵活性和更高的求解效率。     

A Cooperative Control Algorithm for Multiple SVRs Using Correlation of Measurement Data of Distribution Line

In this paper, a cooperative control algorithm for multiple step voltage regulator (SVR) using correlation of measurement data of distribution line is proposed. Conventionally, the control time constant of a SVR placed on the feeder end side was set slower than a SVR placed on the substation side. The unnecessary tap movement of SVR was reduced by this setting. In this case, on the condition that “the photovoltaic power generation output of the feeder end fluctuates” and “only SVR of the end side works”, it is a problem that control of SVR becomes slow. By the proposed method, the SVR settled in end side of a feeder can change its tap rapidly only if the SVR settled in sending side of a feeder will not change its tap by using proposed method. The features of the method are followings: (1) to estimate tap change possibility of the sending side SVR using correlation model of both of the SVR, (2) only use local measurement data of the SVRs for tap change control. By the proposed method, unnecessary tap change operation and lag of tap control are reduced without communication networks.     

新型配电系统分布式源网荷储资源广域电压自趋优管控方法

不同于单纯电能分配的传统配电网,新型配电系统逐步展现出源-网-荷-储等众多资源的强耦合强关联复杂大系统形态,其各类资源呈现出“点多、面广、量少”的广域分布特征。挖掘可再生能源发电、分布式储能及柔性负荷等分布式资源的广域电压调控潜力对构建源网荷储高度融合的新型配电系统具有重要意义。文中提出了一种基于数据驱动的新型配电系统分布式源网荷储资源广域电压自趋优管控方法,通过可再生能源发电、储能及柔性负荷等分布式资源的综合协同控制,在保证储能后备容量和降低网损的同时能够提高配电网广域电压质量。最后,以某城市配电网为例验证了所提方法的有效性和先进性,比传统调压方法更加契合新型配电系统的电压调控需求。     

Modeling of Step Voltage Regulators in Multiphase Load Flow Solution of Distribution Systems Using Newton's Method and Augmented Nodal Analysis

The increasing complexity of distribution systems requires general, efficient, and large-scale capable methods. This paper proposes a new technique to find the tap positions of step voltage regulators in multiphase load flow solvers in a direct and efficient manner. This is achieved by applying Newton method to the system of equations obtained by using the concept of augmented matrix formulation and adding the constraint equations. This approach allows employing the regulator equations directly. The regulators are modeled by taking into account the line drop compensator circuit with its settings, i.e., the desired voltage level, bandwidth, and R′ and X′ settings, which represent the scaled impedance parameters of the distribution feeder between the regulator and the load center at which the voltage is controlled. The limits of the regulators such as minimum and maximum tap positions are also accounted for. The proposed technique represents a voltage regulator with transformer equations using an augmented matrix formulation. The mismatch equations are developed using the desired voltage setting in constraint equations with transformation ratio of the transformer being the unknown variable. The Jacobian matrix, which is constructed using the augmented matrix formulation, is expanded to hold the constraint equations of voltage regulators. The proposed new method is tested on a variety of test circuits including the large-scale IEEE 8500 Node Test Feeder, and the minimum number of iterations reported in the literature is achieved as presented in this paper.     

高压配电网无功/电压的日分段综合优化控制

为了给出配电网全天无功/电压优化调度方案,提出了一种参照电容器最大允许动作次数对次日控制时段进行划分的启发式算法,该算法综合考虑降损效益和有载调压变压器(OLTC)、并联补偿电容器的操作费用。在优化分段的基础上,根据各控制时段内不同时刻的网损及电压质量,再决定是否用OLTC进行二次调节。某实际系统的算例结果表明,所述算法及控制策略能在满足电压质量、降低网络损耗的同时,有效地简化了无功电压调节设备的操作。     

Optimal Control of Voltage in Distribution Systems by Voltage Reference Management

Recently, renewable energy technologies such as wind turbine generators and photovoltaic (PV) systems have been introduced as distributed generations (DGs). Connections of a large amount of distributed generations may cause voltage deviation beyond the statutory range in distribution systems. A reactive power control of DGs can be a solution of this problem, and it also has a possibility to reduce distribution loss. In this paper, we propose a control methodology of voltage profile in a distribution system using reactive power control of inverters interfaced with DGs and tap changing transformers. In the proposed method, a one-day schedule of voltage references for the control devices are determined by an optimization technique based on predicted values of load demand and PV power generation. Reactive power control of interfaced inverters is implemented within the inverter capacity without reducing active power output. The proposed method accomplishes voltage regulation within the acceptable range and reduction of distribution loss. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by simulations. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

一种大中型水电厂监控系统实时数据分流方法

介绍了典型的水电厂监控系统结构和系统实时数据分类方法。提出了一种大中型水电厂监控系统的实时数据分流方法,描述了该方法的总体目标、设计思想和总体结构,从跨平台实现、事件传输、同步数据传输、负载均衡等方面对该方法进行了详细说明,并介绍了该方法的应用。     

多端柔性直流输配系统控制策略研究

多端柔性直流输配电系统能够实现多电源供电、多落点受电、孤岛供电以及有利于分布式能源和风电并网的优点,比双端系统更为灵活、可靠性更高。针对多端直流输配电系统的控制系统结构以及暂态故障时直流电压与系统潮流控制存在问题,分别提出了主从控制与电压跌落控制相结合的控制方法,有效的解决了多端系统中换流端口出现故障而引起的系统波动的问题,最后利用PSCAD软件对一个四端系统进行仿真,其仿真结果验证了该控制策略的正确性和有效性。     

变压器负荷测控装置的应用及经济性分析

介绍变压器负荷测控装置的原理与功能,针对客户端用电情况,分析自动投入或切除变压器的经济性,并提出并列变压器使用负荷测控装置的方案扣注意事项.     

基于最短路的复杂配电网可靠性评估分块算法

配电网具有闭环设计、开环运行、网络中配置的开关相对较少的特点。基于该特点,应用最短路方法和分块技术提出大规模复杂配电网可靠性评估算法。给出配电网馈线末端节点、边界节点的定义以及块的定义和性质。基于最短路提出配电网分块形成算法,进而提出配电网可靠性评估算法。故障模拟时,文中方法以“块”为单位代替常规方法以“元件”为单位进行分析,利用最短路法确定开关元件的影响范围,节省了大量重复的开关元件搜索时间。应用该算法对RBTS及大量实际工程系统进行了可靠性评估,算例表明该算法具有高效性和工程实用性。     

智能配电网无功电压控制系统研究及应用

分析了智能配电网无功电压控制系统的应用要求,提出了实施智能配电网无功电压控制系统的实现方案,并通过详细的无功优化计算和现场测试分析给出了智能配电网无功电压控制系统中各类治理设备具体配置要求,总结了系统示范应用的成效,易于开展智能配电网无功电压控制系统的推广。     

A Voltage Control Method for a Distributed Line Feeder by means of Multiagent Approach

This paper proposes a method for the coordinated control of power factor by means of a multiagent approach. The proposed multiagent system consists of two types of agent: single feeder agent (F_AG) and bus agent (B_AG). In the proposed system, an F_AG plays as an important role, which decides the power factors of all distributed generators by executing the load flow calculations repeatedly. The voltage control strategies are implemented as the class definition of Java into the system. In order to verify the performance of the proposed method, it has been applied to a typical distribution model system. The simulation results show that the system is able to control very violent fluctuation of the demands and the photovoltaic (PV) generations.     

改进负荷分配的孤岛微网下垂控制方法

微网的阻抗特性复杂,下垂控制对线路阻抗匹配度要求严格,严重影响了负荷分配的精确度。以多台微网逆变器(MGI)按容量比分配负荷为例,分析了实现负荷准确分配的输出阻抗和连接线阻抗匹配条件。提出了一种含开环补偿项和动、静态变系数下垂的新型下垂控制方法,提高了MGI在四象限中的动、静态负荷分配的准确度。仿真和实验验证了所提出的控制策略和参数设计方法的可行性和有效性。     

空调负荷参与配电网电压管理的分布式控制方法

配电网中空调负荷的规模随着生活水平的提高在快速增长,而带有空调的建筑具有热缓冲能力,使其具备了参与需求侧响应的价值.与此同时,分布式光伏发电在配电网中的渗透率也在逐步提高.光伏发电的波动对配电网电压稳定性造成了消极的影响.文中提出一种基于分布式趋同控制的方法,通过聚合商之间建立的有限通信链路对聚合空调负荷进行调度,以参...     

基于图论的主动配电网双阶段电压控制

对分布式电源实施主动管理可以减小其出力间歇性和随机性给配电网造成的负面影响,但这也对配电网的电压控制提出了更高的要求。首先介绍了主动配电网电压控制的特点,采用图论对主动配电网的网络结构进行描述。提出了主动配电网双阶段电压控制方法,该方法是通过优化系统中各分布式电源的无功出力共同协作将电压控制在规定范围内。最后,在8节点和30节点配电系统验证了所提方法的有效性和实用性。     

基于协调控制SVG的低压配网三相负荷不平衡治理技术

针对集中式静止无功发生器(SVG)补偿系统补偿效果单一、不含通信功能的分布式SVG补偿系统补偿容量不能智能分配的问题,提出基于协调控制SVG的低压配网三相负荷不平衡补偿系统。该补偿系统引入通信总线,采用协调控制方法,使低压线路下游接入的SVG可利用补偿其下游不平衡电流后的剩余容量,依次对上游SVG不足容量进行补偿,该补偿形成的逆向潮流可进一步减轻各节点的低电压问题。该补偿系统既可以充分利用各SVG的补偿容量,同时也综合地解决了配电变压器电流不平衡、节点低电压等问题。在Matlab/Simulink数字仿真软件下进行了该补偿系统补偿效果的仿真,结果证明了该补偿系统的准确性。在四种不同负荷情况下比较采用四种不同补偿系统的低压配网配电变压器二次侧不平衡电流和各节点电压降,结果表明该补偿系统的效果最佳。