新型无源软开关BoostPFC电路研究

提出一种无源软开关Boost PFC电路及其实现方法.其电路拓扑结构由传统的Boost PFC和无开关损耗的缓冲电路构成.缓冲电路通过谐振电感、电容和两个隔离二极管使Boost主开关器件工作在ZVS和ZCS软开关模式.介绍了新型无源软开关PFC的运行原理;给出了缓冲电路的参数选取,并运用PSPICE进行了电路运行的仿真分析;搭建了一台500W/25 kHz实验电源验证了电路的正确性.仿真和实验结果表明,新型PFC电路工作在软开关模式,可实现单位PFC.且平均输出效率提高了约4%.     

A novel prototype of auxiliary edge resonant bridge leg link snubber‐assisted soft‐switching sine‐wave PWM inverter

This paper proposes a new circuit topology of the three‐phase soft‐switching PWM inverter and PFC converter using IGBT power modules, which has the improved active auxiliary switch and edge resonant bridge leg‐commutation‐link soft‐switching snubber circuit with pulse current regenerative feedback loop as compared with the typical auxiliary resonant pole snubber discussed previously. This three‐phase soft‐switching PWM double converter is more suitable and acceptable for a large‐capacity uninterruptible power supply, PFC converter, utility‐interactive bidirectional converter, and so forth. In this paper, the soft‐switching operation and optimum circuit design of the novel type active auxiliary edge resonant bridge leg commutation link snubber treated here are described for high‐power applications. Both the main active power switches and the auxiliary active power switches achieve soft switching under the principles of ZVS or ZCS in this three‐phase inverter switching. This three‐phase soft‐switching commutation scheme can effectively minimize the switching surge‐related electromagnetic noise and the switching power losses of the power semiconductor devices; IGBTs and modules used here. This three‐phase inverter and rectifier coupled double converter system does not need any sensing circuit and its peripheral logic control circuits to detect the voltage or the current and does not require any unwanted chemical electrolytic capacitor to make the neutral point of the DC power supply voltage source. The performances of this power conditioner are proved on the basis of the experimental and simulation results. Because the power semiconductor switches (IGBT module packages) have a trade‐off relation in the switching fall time and tail current interval characteristics as well as the conductive saturation voltage characteristics, this three‐phase soft‐switching PWM double converter can improve actual efficiency in the output power ranges with a trench gate controlled MOS power semiconductor device which is much improved regarding low saturation voltage. The effectiveness of this is verified from a practical point of view. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 155(4): 64–76, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20207     

一种新型的CCM PFC软开关技术研究

为降低电源设备对电网的谐波污染,功率因数校正技术已被广泛应用于电力电子设备中,且绝大多数PFC采用Boost电路。在中等及以上功率等级时PFC常采用电流连续模式,而功率二极管由于存在反向恢复特性,开关管的开通损耗被大大增加,电磁干扰加重。本文提出了一种新的无源无损缓冲电路,其能够抑制二极管的反向恢复特性,减小开关管的开通损耗。新电路的加入未引入开关管额外的电压应力,电路结构简单,软开关实现范围大,500 W实验样机验证了PFC效率能被大大提高。     

一种新颖的耦合电感无源无损缓冲电路及其设计方法

无源无损软开关技术是一种通过附加无源器件实现开关管软开关的手段,因其控制简单易于实现,在工程应用中得到了广泛的应用。但传统无源无损软开关技术应用于大功率场合时,流入缓冲电路二极管的电流较大,造成了成本上升和散热困难等一系列问题。首先分析了传统无源无损软开关技术应用于大功率Boost变换器上存在的不足,随后提出了一种新型耦合电感无源无损缓冲电路以及该电路谐振元件参数的设计方法。该设计以避免谐振回路参与主电路的续流过程为主要思路,降低流过二极管与缓冲电感的电流,提升变换器的转换效率。通过设计一台15 kW的样机,验证了该缓冲电路的正确性与可行性。     

Interleaved step-up converter with a single-capacitor snubber for PV energy conversion applications

In this paper, an interleaved step-up converter with a single-capacitor snubber for PV energy conversion applications is proposed. The step-up converter adopts two sets of boost converters with an interleaved fashion and coupled-inductor technology to reduce output ripple current and increase output power level. To achieve higher conversion efficiency and reduce switching losses of the proposed converter, a lossless single-capacitor turn-off snubber is introduced. Therefore, the conversion efficiency can be increased significantly. In order to draw the maximum power from the PV arrays, a perturbation-and-observation method and a microcontroller are associated to implement maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm and power regulating scheme. Finally, a prototype of a soft-switching interleaved soft-switching boost converter with coupled inductors has been built and implemented. Experimental results have obtained to verify the performance and feasibility of the proposed converter for PV arrays applications.     

改进型零电压转换PWM软开关功率变换器的实现机理分析

为改进传统谐振缓冲功率变换器(RSI)应用于高精度场合纹波较大的问题,提出一种改进型零电压转换(ZVT)脉宽调制(PWM)软开关功率变换器。通过LC环节减小输出电流纹波,并采用负载分段实现软开关的方式。轻载下利用交变的滤波电感电流实现主开关器件的零电压开通,重载下通过合理的导通谐振回路实现软开关,同时辅助开关器件实现零电流开关。该拓扑可采用PWM控制,具有效率高、纹波噪声小和开关频率固定的优点。通过分析电路的实现机理,对各工作时区进行解析计算,并给出实现软开关的条件。最后通过实验,在200kHz的开关频率下,验证了电路的有效性。相比于硬开关,效率得到了很大的提升,而相比于RSI在效率上虽有降低,但输出噪声却大幅减小。     

通信电源中单相Buck功率因数校正器的研究

研究了断续电流模式(DCM)下单相Buck电路作为功率因数校正器的拓扑电路和工作原理,给出了实现功率因数校正的临界条件和临界电感的计算公式;分析了输入电流产生畸变的原因和影响畸变程度的主要因素;分别用功率匹配法和等效电流源法对该电路的输出电压纹波进行了分析,总结了输入电流畸变与输出电压纹波的定性关系。仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性,表明单相Buck功率因数校正器(即单相Buck PFC)可以满足通信电源对功率因数的要求。     

Analysis and implementation of a high‐efficiency zero‐voltage‐zero‐current‐switching DC–DC converter

A high‐efficiency zero‐voltage‐zero‐current‐switching DC–DC converter with ripple‐free input current is presented. In the presented converter, the ripple‐free boost cell provides ripple‐free input current and zero‐voltage switching of power switches. The resonant flyback cell provides zero‐voltage switching of power switches and zero‐current switching of the output diode. Also, it has a simple output stage. The proposed converter achieves high efficiency because of the reduction of the switching losses of the power switches and the output diode. Detailed analysis and design of the proposed converter are carried out. A prototype of the proposed converter is developed and its experimental results are presented for validation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A detailed analytical analysis of a passive resonant snubber cell perfectly constructed for a pulse width modulated d.c.–d.c. buck converter

In this paper, a detailed analytical analysis of a passive resonant snubber cell that is perfectly constructed for a pulse width modulated (PWM) d.c.-d.c. buck converter is proposed. This snubber cell provides a larger overall efficiency and a wider load range than most of the active snubber cells presented previously, and has a simple structure and low cost. The operation principles and a detailed steady-state analysis of a PWM buck converter implemented with this snubber cell are presented. The theoretical analysis is verified with a prototype of a 5-kW and 50-kHz insulated gate bipolar transistor-(IGBT)-PWM buck converter. All of the semiconductor devices in the converter operate under soft switching conditions. Additionally, at 80% output power, the overall efficiency of the proposed soft switching converter is increased to about 98% from the value of 91% in its counterpart hard switching version.     

软开关隔离型Boost变换器研究

隔离型Boost变换器具有变压器结构简单、输入电流纹波小、效率高等优点,适合于低压大电流输入应用,但该变换器存在着开关管关断电压尖峰很大、两开关管不能同时关断以及启动冲击电流很大等问题.采用附加RCD吸收电路可以减轻上述问题的影响,但不利于变换器整机效率的提高.提出了一种软开关的隔离型Boost变换器,利用LCD电路实现功率管的软关断,并将储能电感设计为反激变压器型式以限制启动冲击电流.分析了电路的工作原理,给出了电路的参数设计原则.28V输入、48V输出、300W实验样机效率达到了92.4%.     

A single‐phase buck‐boost PFC converter with output‐voltage,ripple‐reducing operation

This paper describes a new single‐phase buck‐boost power‐factor‐correction (PFC) converter with output‐voltage, ripple reducing operation. The converter consists of a conventional buck‐boost PFC converter and an additional switch to obtain a freewheeling mode of the dc inductor current, and is operated by two modulators. The first modulator controls the buck‐boost switch to obtain PFC. The other modulator controls the square value of the instantaneous dc inductor current to perform the output‐voltage‐ripple‐reducing operation. In the two modulations, the time integral value of the input and output currents in each modulation period are controlled directly and indirectly, respectively. Thus, modulation errors or undesirable distortions of the input current and output voltage ripple are eliminated even if the dc inductor current produces large ripple in a low‐frequency range. The theories and combination techniques for the two modulators, implementation, and experimental results are described. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 126(2): 56–70, 1999     

A novel three‐phase soft‐switched converter with high power factor using a lossless snubber

Recently, three‐phase converters with high power factor, especially using the discontinuous current mode (DCM), have been studied as novel rectifier circuits instead of conventional converters. In this circuit, the current of reactor is zero at turn on because of operating on DCM. Then ZCS (Zero Current Switching) is achieved. However it is necessary to turn off the switch at the maximum current. Then the switching losses increase at higher switching frequency. Therefore, soft‐switching method using the lossless snubber is proposed. In this method, ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching) at the turn off can be achieved by a lossless snubber and ZCS at the turn on can be obtained by operating under the DCM. In this paper, the theoretical analysis, numerical analysis using PSPICE, and results of the experiments show the verification of the proposed converter. © 1999 Scripta Technica. Electr Eng Jpn, 129(3): 69–76, 1999     

Analysis of PFC boost converter with soft-switching configuration

This paper proposes use of a lossless snubber with a switching device to perform soft switching, thus not only decreasing switching loss in the device drastically, but also improving the input ac current waveform distortion. Computer simulation results show that the input current waveform of the proposed converter seems to eliminate the third harmonic component. We perform an analysis of the input current waveform and identify the requirements for the elimination of the third harmonic component. We also describe the procedure used to design the parameters of the converter. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 133(1): 64–78, 2000     

A power decoupling control method for an isolated single‐phase AC‐to‐DC converter based on a high‐frequency cycloconverter

This paper proposes a new power decoupling method for a high‐frequency cycloconverter which converts the single‐phase line‐frequency ac input to the high‐frequency ac output directly. The cycloconverter consists of two half‐bridge inverters, two input filter capacitors, and a series‐resonant circuit. The proposed power decoupling method stores the input power ripple at double the line frequency in the filter capacitors. Therefore, the proposed method achieves a unity power factor in ac input and a constant current amplitude in the high‐frequency output without any additional switching device or energy storage element. This paper theoretically discusses the principle and operating performance of the proposed power decoupling method, and the viability is confirmed by using an experimental isolated ac‐to‐dc converter based on the high‐frequency cycloconverter. As a result, the proposed power decoupling method effectively improved the displacement power factor in the line current to more than 0.99 and reduced the output voltage ripple to 4% without any electrolytic capacitor.     

A New Soft Switching qZSC Converter by Using Coupled Inductor

Solar energy is a very cost efficient energy in terms of construction and maintenance that has no pollution and can be found everywhere. So, various converter topologies are used as an interface converter for solar panels. The boost converter is the conventional converter used in photovoltaic (PV) application. But, it has several problems such as instability in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM), input inrush currents, short circuit protection and etc. These problems, lead to use Z-Source and quasi Z-Source Converter (qZSC) which have higher gain compared to traditional boost converter, lower current ripple at the input without using any extra filters, buck and boost capability, lower output ripple and higher reliability. In this paper a soft switching technique for qZSC converter with coupled inductor and without any auxiliary switch is proposed for PV application. By adding an auxiliary circuit, which includes a coupled inductor, diode and capacitor, soft switching condition is provided for all semiconductor elements of the proposed converter. The proposed converter is theoretically analyzed and to confirm the validity of the theoretical analysis, it is simulated by ORCAD and a laboratory prototype is built. The proposed converter shows six percent efficiency improvement in comparison with hard switching counterpart.     

一种无源无损缓冲电路的工程设计方法

介绍了一种具有较强工程实用价值的无源无损缓冲电路的工作过程,它利用辅助电感和辅助电容在主功率管开关过程中进行谐振,为开关管提供零电流开通(ZCON)和零电压关断(ZVOFF)条件,实现了软开关。详细讨论了这种缓冲电路的工程设计问题,提出一种基于缓冲电路损耗最小的优化设计方法。搭建了一台400V输入、110V/10A输出、开关频率为100kHz的带有该无源无损缓冲电路的Buck变流器样机,以验证无源无损缓冲电路的设计,并给出了实验波形和效率曲线。实验结果表明,缓冲电路有效地降低了开关管的电流和电压应力,抑制了主二极管反向恢复过程,变流器效率提高了约2%。实验中测得变流器的最高效率为95.2%。     

Series resonant ZCS‐PFM DC‐DC power converter with high‐frequency high‐voltage transformer link for high‐power magnetron drive

This paper presents a single lossless inductive snubber‐assisted ZCS‐PFM series resonant DC‐DC power converter with a high‐frequency high‐voltage transformer link for industrial‐use high‐power magnetron drive. The current flowing through the active power switches rises gradually at a turned‐on transient state with the aid of a single lossless snubber inductor, and ZCS turn‐on commutation based on overlapping current can be achieved via the wide range pulse frequency modulation control scheme. The high‐frequency high‐voltage transformer primary side resonant current always becomes continuous operation mode, by electromagnetic loose coupling design of the high‐frequency high‐voltage transformer and the magnetizing inductance of the high‐frequency high‐voltage transformer. As a result, this high‐voltage power converter circuit for the magnetron can achieve a complete zero current soft switching under the condition of broad width gate voltage signals. Furthermore, this high‐voltage DC‐DC power converter circuit can regulate the output power from zero to full over audible frequency range via the two resonant frequency circuit design. Its operating performances are evaluated and discussed on the basis of the power loss analysis simulation and the experimental results from a practical point of view. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 153(3): 79–87, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20126     

A new topology for nonisolated multiport zero voltage switching dc‐dc converter

In this paper, a new multiport zero voltage switching dc‐dc converter is proposed. Multiport dc‐dc converters are widely applicable in hybrid energy generating systems to provide substantial power to sensitive loads. The proposed topology can operate in 3 operational modes of boost, buck, and buck‐boost. Moreover, it has zero voltage switching operation for all switches and has the ability to eliminate the input current ripple; also, at low voltage side, the input sources can be extended. In addition, it has the ability of interfacing 3 different voltages only by using 3 switches. In this paper, the proposed topology is analyzed theoretically for all operating modes; besides, the voltage and current equations of all components are calculated. Furthermore, the required soft switching and zero input currents ripple conditions are analyzed. Finally, to demonstrate the accurate performance of the proposed converter, the Power System Computer Aided Design(PSCAD)/Electro Magnetic Transient Design and Control(EMTDC) simulation and experimental results are extracted and presented.     

A single‐stage integrated bridgeless AC/DC converter for electrolytic capacitor‐less LED lighting applications

In this paper, a single‐stage integrated bridgeless AC/DC converter is proposed. As compared to its counterpart that is composed of totem‐pole boost power factor correction (PFC) cascade fly‐back DC/DC converter, the studied circuit has less components number while overcoming the limits of the totem‐pole type. Thus, it is suitable to the low‐power LED lighting applications. Furthermore, when both PFC inductors L_b and magmatic inductance L_m of the transformer TR1 operate at discontinuous current mode, the bus voltage v_CB can be used to decouple the ac input and constant dc output power. Thus, the approach of increasing bus voltage ripple is employed to eliminate electrolytic capacitors and obtain long operation lifetime. Additionally, it is able to be compatible with our studied twin‐bus configuration for increasing the overall efficiency. A 50‐W hardware prototype has been designed, fabricated, and tested in the laboratory to verify the proposed converter validity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种基于BOOST变换器的无源无损吸收方法

提出一种新颖的无源无损吸收方法 ,它可以使BOOST变换器的无源无损吸收电路的能量得到有效转移 ,从而使BOOST变换器效率明显提高。实验结果证明在相同开关频率下其效率明显高于传统的变换器 ,功耗降低使电路体积显著减小 ,且电路成本低于现有结构的电路。提出的结构可以应用于实现PFC的无源无损吸收