纳米氧化锌掺铝薄膜的微观结构研究

采用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)法在玻璃衬底上制备了纳米ZnO掺铝薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对薄膜的微观结构进行了系统的研究。结果表明,所有在玻璃衬底上生长的ZnO薄膜均具有c轴择优取向。掺杂量为2%(原子分数)时,Al在ZnO薄膜中达到最高水平。过量Al掺杂明显减弱薄膜的c轴择优取向。随着Al掺杂量的增加,ZnO晶粒进一步细化。其原因是未进入ZnO晶格的Al以非晶Al2O3的形式在ZnO晶界上形成了对晶界运动的钉扎,从而阻碍了ZnO晶粒进一步长大。     

退火气氛对Al-F共掺杂ZnO透明导电薄膜性能的影响

通过溶胶．凝胶法，采用Al、F共掺杂的方法在4种不同的气氛下制备ZnO薄膜，研究了薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌、电阻率和透光性随退火气氛的变化关系．制备的Al：F：ZnO薄膜是具有六角纤锌矿结构的多晶薄膜．4种退火气氛相比，在空气气氛下退火时，平均晶粒尺寸最大，为43．4nm，导电性能最好，电阻率可低达6．5×10^-2Ω·cm。4种退火气氛下，薄膜在可见光范围内的平均透过率均达到了75％以上，其中，空气气氛下退火时薄膜的透光性最好。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Y掺杂ZnO薄膜及其光电性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃衬底上制备了不同掺Y浓度的ZnO透明导电薄膜。X射线衍射(XRD)表明,所制备的Y掺杂ZnO透明导电薄膜为六角纤锌矿结构的多晶薄膜,且具有C轴择优取向。随着Y掺杂浓度的升高,(002)峰向低角度方向移动。UV透射曲线表明,薄膜在可见光区(400～800nm)的平均透过率超过85%,具有明显的紫外吸收边,通过改变Y的掺入浓度,可以使吸收边向短波方向移动,从而使薄膜的禁带宽度可调。制备的Y掺杂ZnO薄膜电阻率最小值为3.68×102Ω·cm。     

铝离子掺杂氧化锌薄膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备及性能

运用室温溶胶-凝胶技术和热处理工艺,在载玻片上制备了铝离子掺杂的ZnO薄膜.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对薄膜的成分、结构和形貌进行了表征;采用紫外-可见光分光光度计对薄膜的透光性能进行了研究.结果表明,所制备的氧化锌薄膜为六方纤锌矿结构,沿C轴方向择优生长;铝离子的掺杂没有改变氧化锌的基本结构,所掺杂的铝离子为取代锌离子的替位掺杂;热处理后,氧化锌颗粒为六角形针(柱)状形貌;随着热处理温度的升高,薄膜的透光率增大;经600℃热处理后随着铝离子掺杂浓度的增加,薄膜的透光率先增大后减小,当铝离子掺杂浓度为2%时透光率最大;当铝离子掺杂浓度较大时,晶格畸变的影响使薄膜的透光率减小.当溶胶浓度为0.6mol/L、铝离子掺杂浓度为2%和热处理温度为600℃时,所制备薄膜的质量和性能最好.     

稀土元素掺杂TiO2薄膜的制备及其光学性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备得到Y3 和Ho3 掺杂的TiO2薄膜,XRD分析表明薄膜结晶性能良好,具有锐钛矿晶型。薄膜表面AFM分析表明,薄膜的晶粒具有纳米尺寸。采用紫外-可见分光光度计对掺杂和未掺杂的TiO2薄膜进行紫外-可见吸收光谱分析,表明Y3 和Ho3 掺杂的TiO2薄膜在紫外光区吸光度有所提高,同时在可见光区光吸收范围出现了红移,相同掺杂浓度的Y3 和Ho3 掺杂的TiO2薄膜,前者在400~450nm的可见光区具有更高的吸光度。     

Mg-Al共掺杂ZnO薄膜的制备及其光学特性

采用溶胶-凝胶（sol—gel）旋涂法在载玻片上制备了不同A1掺杂量的Mg—Al共掺杂ZnO薄膜．在室温下利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和光致发光（PL）谱仪等手段分析了Mg—Al共掺杂Zn0薄膜的微结构、形貌和发光特性．XRD结果表明Mg．AI＆掺杂zn0薄膜具有六角纤锌矿结构;随着Al掺杂量的增加,共掺杂薄膜呈C轴取向生长．由SEM照片可知薄膜表面形貌随Al掺杂量的增加由颗粒状结构向纳米棒状结构转变．透射光谱表明共掺杂薄膜在可见光区内的透射率大于50％,紫外吸收边发生蓝移．在室温下的PL谱表明Mg—Al共掺杂zn0薄膜的紫外发射峰向短波长方向移动：Al掺杂摩尔分数为1％和3％的Mg—Al共掺杂ZnO薄膜的可见发射峰分别为596nm的黄光和565nm的绿光．黄光主要与氧间隙有关,而绿光主要与氧空位有关．     

Cr掺杂ZnO薄膜晶体结构及光学性能的研究

采用磁控溅射法在载玻片上制备了不同Cr掺杂浓度的ZnO薄膜,并对其紫外发光性能做了初步研究.XRD结果表明,所制备的样品具有纤锌矿结构,呈c轴择优取向生长;透射谱表明,改变Cr掺杂浓度可以使ZnO薄膜的吸收边向短波方向移动,并且薄膜的禁带宽度连续可调;光致发光(PL)谱表明,所有样品的PL谱由发光中心位于370nm的紫外发光峰组成,且该峰的峰位蓝移,与吸收边缘移动的结果吻合.2.0%(原子分数,下同)的Cr掺杂可以提高ZnO的紫外发光强度,而过量的Cr掺杂反而会降低其紫外发光强度.     

Pr掺杂对ZnO透明导电薄膜光电性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在石英玻璃基片上制备出了Pr掺杂ZnO透明导电薄膜,研究了Pr掺杂对ZnO透明导电薄膜结构、形貌、光学和电学性能的影响。实验结果表明,Zn1-xPrxO薄膜均为纤锌矿结构,当Pr掺杂含量为1%时,Zn1-xPrxO薄膜的结晶质量最好、可见光平均透过率最高、电阻率最低,具有最佳的光电综合性能。     

掺杂Zr对Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)铁电薄膜性能的影响

本文采用x射线衍射法对溶胶-凝胶法备制B位掺杂Zr的铁电薄膜Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3-xZrxO12。对所制备的薄膜进行XRD测试、疲劳分析及铁电性能分析。结果表明:对BNT进行B位Zr4+掺杂后,随着掺量的增加,BNTZ薄膜的剩余极化值逐渐增加,当x=6%时达到最大,随后随着Zr掺量的继续增加,剩余极化值开始减小,而矫顽电压Vc值几乎没有什么变化;掺杂了Zr薄膜的疲劳特性均比未掺杂的BNT薄膜的要差一些。     

氧化锌薄膜的p型掺杂及光学和电学性质研究

为了实现氧化锌薄膜的p型掺杂,从而制备氧化锌同质p-n结,采用化学气相沉积法,以二水合醋酸锌为前驱,醋酸铵为氮源,在氧气氛下制备了氮掺杂的p型氧化锌薄膜.利用X射线光电子能谱和X射线衍射分析,表征了氧化锌薄膜的化学成分.通过霍尔效应测量证实了薄膜的p型导电特性.探讨了制备过程中温度、压强、源物质等条件对反应产物的影响,研究了薄膜的光学和电学特性,得到了p型氧化锌薄膜的吸收光谱和光致发光光谱,以及氧化锌p-n结的伏安特性曲线.     

Structural, optical and electrical properties of Al-doped ZnO microrods prepared by spray pyrolysis

Al-doped ZnO thin films were obtained on glass substrates by spray pyrolysis in air atmosphere. The molar ratio of Al in the spray solution was changed in the range of 0-20 at.% in steps of 5 at.%. X-ray diffraction patterns of the films showed that the undoped and Al-doped ZnO films exhibited hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with a preferred orientation along (002) direction. Surface morphology of the films obtained by scanning electron microscopy revealed that pure ZnO film grew as quasi-aligned hexagonal shaped microrods with diameters varying between 0.7 and 1.3 μm. However, Al doping resulted in pronounced changes in the morphology of the films such as the reduction in the rod diameter and deterioration in the surface quality of the rods. Nevertheless, the morphology of Al-doped samples still remained rod-like with a hexagonal cross-section. Flower-like structures in the films were observed due to rods slanting to each other when spray solution contained 20 at.% Al. Optical studies indicated that films had a low transmittance and the band gap decreased from 3.15 to 3.10 eV with the increasing Al molar ratio in the spray solution from 0 to 20 at.%.     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructural and optical properties of CBD grown Al-doped ZnO thin films

Investigations on the effect of annealing temperature on the structural, optical properties and morphology of Al-doped ZnO thin films deposited on glass substrate by chemical bath deposition have been carried out. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that deposited films are in polycrystalline nature with hexagonal structure along the (0 0 2) crystallographic plane. Microstructural properties of films such as crystallite size, texture coefficient, stacking fault probability and microstrain were calculated from predominant (0 0 2) diffraction lines. The UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy studies revealed that all the films have high optical transmittance (>60%) in the visible range. The optical band gap values are found to be in the range of 3.25-3.31 eV. Optical constants have been estimated and the values of n and k are found to increase with increase of heat treatment. The films have increased transmittance with increase of heat treatment. Al-doped ZnO thin films fabricated by this simple and economic chemical bath deposition technique without using any carrier gas are found to be good in structural and optical properties which are desirable for photovoltaic applications. Scanning electron microscopic images revealed that the hexagonal shaped grains that occupy the entire surface of the film with its near stoichiometric composition.     

溶剂体系对c轴择优取向ZnO薄膜结构和光学性质的影响

以无水乙醇、乙二醇甲醚、乙二醇甲醚/乙醇混合溶液(1∶1)为溶剂体系,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了ZnO透明薄膜,并利用场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射和反射光谱仪等研究了溶剂体系对薄膜组成、结构和光学性能的影响。结果表明,3种溶剂所制备的ZnO薄膜均为六方纤锌矿型结构,具有c轴择优取向;以乙二醇单甲醚/乙醇混合溶液(1∶1)为溶剂制备的ZnO薄膜平整、致密,在可见光区域透光率达到90%左右,禁带宽度为3.25eV,具备制作薄膜太阳能电池透明导电电极材料的应用价值。     

ZnO∶Al薄膜制备及光电性能研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃基板上制备了Al/Zn原子掺杂比例为0～0.25的掺铝氧化锌(ZnO∶Al或AZO)薄膜,随后分别将其在空气,氧气和氮气3种不同气氛中退火处理,研究了薄膜的光学、电学与结构方面的性质.X射线衍射分析表明AZO薄膜是具有c轴择优取向的六方纤锌矿结构多晶体;通过紫外-可见光分光计测定表明该薄膜在可见光范围内具有>80%的高透过率,随着铝掺杂比例的增大光学能隙增大且吸收边向短波方向移动.     

Preparation and properties of ZnO thin films deposited by sol-gel technique

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited on (100) Si substrates by sol-gel technique. Zinc acetate was used as the precursor material. The effect of different annealing atmospheres and annealing temperatures on composition, structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films was investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and photoluminescence (PL), respectively. At an annealing temperature of 400°C in N₂ for 2 h, dried gel films were propitious to undergo structural relaxation and grow ZnO grains. ZnO thin film annealed at 400°C in N₂ for 2 h exhibited the optimal structure and PL property, and the grain size and the lattice constants of the film were calculated (41.6 nm, a = 3.253 ? and c = 5.210 ?). Moreover, a green emission around 495 nm was observed in the PL spectra owing to the oxygen vacancies located at the surface of ZnO grains. With increasing annealing temperature, both the amount of the grown ZnO and the specific surface area of the grains decrease, which jointly weaken the green emission. Translated from Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Science), 2006, 42(1): 67–71 [译自: 兰州大学学报 (自然科学版)]     

多孔ZnO薄膜结构与光学性能研究

采用sol-gel提拉法,以聚乙二醇(PEG2000)为模板剂,醋酸锌为前驱体,乙醇为溶剂,二乙醇胺为络合剂,在玻璃基片上生长了多孔ZnO薄膜,利用SEM和紫外分光光度计分析了多孔ZnO薄膜的表面形貌和光学性质。研究了涂膜层数,模板剂加入量对多孔ZnO薄膜结构和透射率的影响。实验结果表明:随着涂膜层数的增加,薄膜的透射率有减小的趋势;当镀膜层数一定时,加入PEG2000后,有利于ZnO多孔结构的形成,在一定范围内,孔尺寸随PEG加入量的增加而增大,薄膜的紫外-可见光透射率随PEG加入量的增加而减小。     

Electrical and optical properties of Al-doped ZnO films deposited by hollow cathode gas flow sputtering

Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films were deposited on glass by hollow cathode gas flow sputtering using Zn-Al alloy targets. Sputtering power for all the depositions was fixed at 1500 W. Resistivities of 0.81-1.1 × 10^− 3 Ω cm were obtained for AZO films deposited at room temperature with an O₂ flow from 38 to 50 standard cubic centimetre/minute (SCCM), while static deposition rates were almost constant at 270-300 nm/min. On the other hand, lower resistivities of 5.2-6.4 × 10^− 4 Ω cm were obtained for AZO films deposited at 200 °C with an O₂ flow from 25 to 50 SCCM, while the static deposition rates were almost constant at 200-220 nm/min. Average transmittances in the visible light region were above 80% for both sets of films.     

气溶胶辅助化学气相沉积制备Al掺杂ZnO透明导电薄膜

采用气溶胶辅助化学气相沉积(AACVD)法在玻璃衬底上制备了Al掺杂ZnO(AZO)薄膜. 研究了Al掺杂(2at%~8at%)对ZnO薄膜结构及光电性能的影响. 利用XRD、SEM、EDAX、紫外可见分光光度计等手段对样品进行测试. 结果表明, 制备的所有AZO薄膜均具有纤锌矿结构, 不具有沿c轴方向的择优取向, XRD图谱中未观察出Al的相关分相. 在可见光范围内, AZO薄膜的平均透过率大于72%, 光学禁带宽度随Al掺杂量的增加而变窄. 同时根据四探针技术所得的数据得知: Al的掺杂导致薄膜方块电阻的变化, 随着Al掺杂量的增加, 方块电阻有明显变小的现象, 掺杂6at%Al的AZO薄膜具有最低方块电阻(18Ω/□).     

YZO薄膜的Sol-gel制备及其性能

采用Sol-gel法在普通载玻片上制备YZO薄膜.研究了陈化时间和Y掺杂量对薄膜晶体结构、表面形貌和光学性能的影响,并分析和探讨了工艺参数与结构和性能之间的关系.实验结果表明,YZO薄膜为纤锌矿结构,呈c轴择优取向生长,平均透光率(380～760nm)超过85%.实验还发现,陈化时间存在最优值,YZO薄膜随着Y掺杂量的增加晶体结晶质量下降.