山谷型垃圾填埋场的设计及污染控制措施

以新昌县生活垃圾卫生填埋场为例,简要介绍了山谷型垃圾填埋场的设计方案,总结了在设计和运行过程中为保证垃圾填埋场正常使用所需要采取的污染控制措施,为其他垃圾填埋场的设计和运行提供了一定参考。     

生态环境建设下城市基础设施优化模式研究——以沈阳市老虎冲生活垃圾卫生填埋场渗沥液处理工程项目改造为例

<正>城市发展离不开城市基础设施建设,城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场建设作为城市环境污染防治的重要措施和手段至关重要。沈阳市老虎冲生活垃圾卫生填埋场渗沥腋处理工程规划建设是垃圾填埋场近期优化的实践,本文结合该项目建设进行研究和总结。1工程概况沈阳市生活垃圾日产量逾4000t,垃圾卫生填埋场有3座,其中赵家沟垃圾填埋场已于2003年10月关闭,另外2座分别是老虎冲和大辛垃圾填埋场,目前仍在     

垃圾卫生填埋中的一些岩土工程技术

随着国民经济的高速发展,环境科学已引起广大学者的高度重视,其中垃圾卫生填埋是环境科学的重要研究内容,是一项综合性的研究课题。从垃圾填埋场地质材料和垃圾本身的力学特性出发,结合某市垃圾卫生处理场实例对垃圾卫生填埋场中的一些岩土工程技术进行了分析。     

垃圾填埋场的重要性及关键施工工艺技术要点探讨

近年来,随着全国经济的快速发展,市政公用建设工程投资大幅上升,生活垃圾卫生填埋场一直都是很难解决的问题,垃圾卫生填埋场是消纳城市生活垃圾、使垃圾得以无害化处理的场所,针对垃圾填埋场的重要性及关键施工工艺要点进行探讨。     

浅析生活垃圾卫生填埋场运行和防治

随着我国人口的不断增长,每天都有很多的生活垃圾产生。为此,我国有很多的卫生填埋场在不间断地运行,这些卫生填埋场造成了很严重的污染问题。本文主要阐述了生活垃圾卫生填埋场的运行和防治问题。     

浅析生活垃圾卫生填埋场运行和防治

随着我国人口的不断增长,每天都有很多的生活垃圾产生。为此,我国有很多的卫生填埋场在不间断地运行,这些卫生填埋场造成了很严重的污染问题。本文主要阐述了生活垃圾卫生填埋场的运行和防治问题。     

垃圾卫生填埋场中的防水处理

阐述了垃圾卫生填埋场防水工程设计的基本原则，并结合工程实例说明了防水技术和防水材料在城市垃圾卫生填埋场建设中的重要作用。     

生活垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液的控制及处理方案探讨

生活垃圾卫生填埋场中,垃圾渗滤液是一种高浓度的有机废水,它在垃圾填埋过程中,由于厌氧发酵,有机物分解,淋雨等原因,其组成复杂,水质和水量变化时间长短很大,是垃圾填埋场的主要来源,如果直接排放,处理不当将对环境造成严重的二次破坏。基于此,本文主要论述了生活垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液控制与处理方案相关知识。     

武汉市垃圾卫生填埋场沉降计算及意义

生活垃圾卫生填埋场的沉降是目前卫生填埋法所涉及的主要的岩土工程问题之一。深人开展生活垃城,卫生填埋场沉降特性的研究意义重大。选取武汉市的一处卫生填埋场,研究了填埋过程中和填埋场封顶后垃圾土的长期沉降变形,结果表明填埋沉降百分率高达100％左右。     

与现代生活垃圾卫生填埋场相关的岩土工程问题

现代生活垃圾卫生填埋场是处理城市生活垃圾的一个最有效、最安全的方法,国内外学者针对与垃圾填埋场相关的岩土工程问题已经做了大量的研究工作,但是仍然有很多问题没有引起足够的关注.本文在总结国内外学者研究现状的基础上提出了需要进一步研究的一系列问题,为现代生活垃圾卫生填埋场的设计和研究工作提供参考.     

城市固体废弃物处理与环境岩土工程问题研究

城市固体废弃物填埋处置是当前环境岩土工程研究重点和热点,本文分析了城市垃圾的组成和处理方法,重点介绍了填埋处理的原理和工艺,分析了填埋体物理力学性质、卫生填埋场的防渗系统和边坡稳定等一系列环境岩土工程问题,讨论环境岩土工程在填埋处理中的应用和发展前景。     

An incremental model to assess the environmental impact of cap cover systems on MSW landfill emissions

Landfill cap covers are designed to contain fugitive methane emissions and to prevent uncontrolled leachate infiltration. The objective of this paper is to propose a method for assessing their impact on the mitigation of landfill greenhouse gas emissions using a new dedicated model (IMAGE-Landfill) that takes into account the different steps of landfill management history as well as the incremental methane production from the different cells. In particular, different collection and oxidation efficiencies are considered depending on the landfill operation, on its life step and on the chosen cap cover system. Two different theoretical single cell case studies and one real-scale landfill were used to calibrate the IMAGE-Landfill model. The results highlight that, depending on the selected cap cover lining system, the potential greenhouse gas emissions may be divided by a factor 2.5-7, even if no energy is recovered from the collected methane.This model is a useful tool for landfill operators to model methane production, but also to select the most appropriate cover type for each step of the landfill lifetime. Finally, this research appeals for a better consideration of environmental impacts when designing landfill barriers.     

Landfill side slope lining system performance: A comparison of field measurements and numerical modelling analyses

Low permeability engineered landfill barriers often consist of a combination of geosynthetics and mineral layers. Even though numerical modelling software is applied during the landfill design process, a lack of data about mechanical performance of landfill barriers is available to validate and calibrate those models. Instrumentation has been installed on a landfill site to monitor multilayer landfill lining system physical performance. The lining system comprises of a compacted clay layer overlaid by high density polyethylene geomembrane, geotextile and sand. Data recorded on the site includes: geosynthetic displacements (extensometers), strains (fibre optics, Demec strain gauges, extensometers) and stresses imposed on the liner (pressure cells). In addition, temperature readings were collected by a logger installed at the surface of the geomembrane, at the clay surface using pressure cell thermistors and air temperature using a thermometer. This paper presents readings collected throughout a period of three years and compares this measured performance with the corresponding numerical modelling of the lining system for stages during construction. Numerical modelling predictions of lining system behaviour during construction are comparable with the measurements when the geosynthetics are covered soon after placement, however, where the geosynthetics are left exposed to the sun for an extended period of time, in situ behaviour of the geosynthetics cannot be replicated by the numerical analysis. This study highlights the significant influence of the effect of temperature on geosynthetics displacements. A simple thermal analysis of the exposed geosynthetics is used to support the explanation for observed behaviour.     

土工膜破坏原因分析及防治措施

为了防止雨水流入垃圾中形成的渗滤液等多种有害物质流入地下污染地下水以及周围环境,现代垃圾填埋场都设置了防渗系统.防渗系统一般由无纺布、防渗材料以及膨润土土工毯等组成,由于在热应力、拉应力以及穿刺等各种因素的作用下,可能导致防渗系统破坏而使有害物质流入地下.介绍了造成防渗系统破坏的原因及其防治措施.     

A 3-D Graphical Database System for Landfill Operations Using GPS

Landfill space is an important commodity for landfill companies. It is desirable to develop an efficient tool to assist space management and monitor space consumption. When recyclable wastes or particular waste materials need to be retrieved from the landfill site, the excavation operations become more difficult without an efficient tool to provide waste information (i.e., location and type). In this paper, a methodology and several algorithms are proposed to develop a 3-D graphical database system (GDS) for landfill operations. A 3-D GDS not only monitors the space consumption of a landfill site, but can also provide exact locations and types of compacted waste that would later benefit the landfill excavation operations or recycling programs after the waste is covered.     

Contaminant mitigating performance of Chinese standard municipal solid waste landfill liner systems

In 2004, Chinese Government prescribed standard municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill bottom liners. However, very limited research has been conducted to evaluate the performance of the standard MSW landfill bottom liners prescribed by the Chinese Government. In this paper, the performance of the two types of Chinese MSW landfill bottom liner systems was evaluated based on: (1) the maximum leachate head; (2) leakage rate; (3) peak concentration of the target contaminant in an aquifer which was underlain the assumed landfill, and (4) total mass per unit area of the target contaminant discharged into the aquifer. The performance of the German standard MSW landfill bottom liner system was evaluated and compared with that of Chinese ones. It is found that the calculated maximum leachate head for the Chinese landfill liner systems was much higher than that for the German one. The calculated leakage rate, peak concentration and the maximum total mass per unit area in the aquifer of the target contaminant show that the performance of the Chinese standard landfill liner Type 2 is practically the same as that of the German standard landfill liner with holed geomembrane wrinkles, while the Chinese standard liner Type 1 is less effective, with regarding the mitigation of the impact of landfills to the groundwater quality. It is concluded that the overall performance of the Chinese standard landfill liner systems is less strict than that of the German standard landfill liner system.     

基于模糊渗流理论的垃圾填埋气运移数学模型研究

介质的非均质性和各向异性导致填埋场渗透率跨越好几个数量级,加之目前还没有足够先进的检测手段对填埋场内部进行观测,渗透率很难准确确定,同时刻意追求其精确值也是与现实不符的。本文通过对填埋气运移规律的分析,基于模糊渗流理论建立了垃圾填埋气运移的数学模型,并利用模糊结构元的方法得到一维理想模糊渗流问题的解析解。这为填埋气控制系统的设计以及环境影响预测和评价提供了理论依据,为研究煤层气、石油污染等地下渗流问题开辟了一条新的途径。     

Groundwater contamination by sanitary landfill leachate and domestic wastewater in carbonate terrain: Principal source diagnosis, chemical transport characteristics and design implications

A contaminated groundwater system in the carbonate terrain of Missouri is investigated to determine the extent to which contamination evidenced in a seriously polluted spring originates from nearby wastewater disposal or sanitary landfill operations. Three diagnostic criteria, nitrogen:phosphorus ratios, chemical response to rainfall variation and correspondence of dilution ratios for conservative pollutants clearly indicate the landfill to be the principal source. Lithium bromide tracer testing clearly established hydraulic connection between the landfill and spring where rhodamine WT proved inappropriate. Convective-dispersion analysis of LiBr output profiles was carried out with one-dimensional analytical solutions to transport equations. In addition, extended equilibrium calculations of calcite solubility plus mass-balance dilution ratio calculations are applied to questions of chemical transport. Our analysis provides a quantitative overview of the principal processes taking place in this contaminated system. It also develops and elaborates new, generally applicable diagnostic procedures for pollution source identification. Implications concerning landfill siting and design are presented in conclusion.     

某填埋场垃圾堆体边坡失稳过程监测与反分析

某填埋场是国内首批在场底铺设复合衬垫系统的大型卫生填埋场,该场垃圾坝前堆体边坡于2008年6月连续强降雨期间发生失稳事件。介绍该堆体边坡失稳过程的现场监测结果,包括坡面水平位移、深层侧向位移和渗滤液水位。基于监测数据,开展堆体边坡稳定性反分析工作,探讨复合衬垫系统界面抗剪强度取值方法,提出抽排竖井迫降水位、铺膜防渗等应急抢险措施。现场监测和理论分析结果表明:堆体边坡中高渗滤液水位是导致其失稳的关键因素,堆体边坡水平位移速率和渗滤液水位高度呈明显正相关关系;该堆体边坡失稳模式是沿场底复合衬垫系统中软弱界面的深层滑移;斜坡场底上复合衬垫系统在滑移过程中发生位移-软化效应,其界面强度介于峰值强度和残余强度之间;抽排竖井迫降水位是最直接、有效的应急抢险措施。     

Landfill site selection utilizing TOPSIS methodology and clay liner geotechnical characterization: a case study for Ankara,Turkey

The purpose of this study was to select alternative landfill sites for Ankara based on the growing trends of Ankara toward the Gölba?? municipality, and to eventually select the best alternative through the use of decision-making tools. Geographic information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analyses were employed to perform landfill site selection. Several criteria, including geology, slope, proximity to roads, availability and proximity of landfill containment material, settlement, suitability for agriculture, vegetation cover, erosion, and lineament system were gathered in a GIS environment. A weight value was assigned to each criterion by applying the pairwise comparison method and the analytical hierarchy method. An ideal point method, namely, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was applied to choose the best alternative landfill site. The geotechnical properties of “Ankara clay”, which shows widespread distribution in Ankara, were reviewed and assessed for the clay's suitability as a single, compacted clay liner and as a component of a geomembrane-compacted clay composite liner for the alternative landfill site selected. The HELP model was employed in order to determine the cumulative, mean leachate head and cumulative, unitized expected leakage rate amounts through the landfill. Four different profiles, from the least conservative to the most conservative, were created and analyzed.