葡萄籽、松树皮和花生衣提取物中原花青素 成分研究

建立葡萄籽提取物中7种原花青素成分的高效液相色谱测定方法。以该方法对不同品种的葡萄籽、松树皮和花生衣提取物进行测定分析。结果表明:葡萄籽、松树皮和花生衣提取物中的原花青素成分种类和含量水平差异较大。不同品种的葡萄籽提取物中原花青素成分种类水平一致,不同品种的花生衣提取物中原花青素成分种类水平也一致,而不同品种的松树皮提取物中原花青素成分种类差距较大。该方法可以用于简单快速地区分葡萄籽提取物、松树皮提取物和花生衣提取物。     

膜分离技术用于葡萄籽中低聚原花青素分离纯化的工艺研究

研究膜分离技术分离纯化葡萄籽中低聚原花青素的工艺过程。采用微滤、超滤的膜分离过程,对葡萄籽中低聚原花青素进行分离和提纯。相比于传统的以热浓缩为主的工艺方法,工艺过程引入膜分离的高新技术,工艺简单、高效,耗能少,产品的质量指标接近国外高端产品,适于产业化的规模应用。同时,采用膜通量及原花青素浓度为考察指标,对超滤过程进行试验探索。结果表明,在1.0 MPa的操作压力下,采用10万道尔分子量规格的膜为最佳选择。具有较大的膜通透性,产品的截留率低(6.2%),且产品中的低聚原花青素的含量较高。     

葡萄籽提取物中原花青素的测定

用高效液相和Folln—Ciocalteau相结合的方法分析了葡萄籽提取物中原花青素的百分含量。此方法能够弥补Bate—Smith法和Porter法只能测定原花青素相对含量的缺陷。分析结果显示：葡萄籽提取物中原花青素的含量为77．4％。     

反相高效液相色谱电喷雾质谱法鉴定葡萄籽低聚原花青素

建立了采用LCESIMS对葡萄籽提取物中的多种低聚原花青素进行分析鉴定的方法。原花青素用体积分数60%乙醇水溶液从葡萄籽中提取并用聚酰胺柱层析精制后,以乙腈1%醋酸水溶液为流动相在ZORBAXSBC18柱上进行梯度洗脱分离,在电喷雾电离负离子模式下采用选择离子监测模式(SIM)将几种低聚体进行了选择性的分离。结果所检葡萄籽提取物中共含有(+)儿茶素、(-)表儿茶素和(-)表儿茶素没食子酸酯3种单体、8种非酯型和4种没食子酸酯型共12种二聚体及4种非酯型三聚体等。建立的方法可以较好地解决葡萄籽中各种低聚原花青素的定性检测,了解提取物中原花青素的成分。同时文中还对原花青素二聚体的质谱碎裂途径进行了讨论。     

以原花青素B2标定葡萄籽提取物中原花青素含量

建立以原花青素B2为标准品测定葡萄籽提取物中原花青素含量的方法。以含量≥99%的原花青素B2(HPLC标定)做标准品,参照Bate-Smith法,在546 nm处测定吸光度,来标定葡萄籽提取物中原花青素含量。原花青素B2通过Bate-Smith法反应后的吸光度与浓度成良好线性关系,其线性范围为22.89μg/mL～114.5μg/mLr,=0.999 02(n=5)。回收率:97.99%,RSD∶1.02%(n=6)。该法以通过HPLC标定的原花青素单一成分B2做为标准品,解决了过去以原花青素混合物做标准品其原花青素含量标准不统一,无法让人信服的问题,其测定结果能准确反映葡萄籽提取物中的原花青素的真实含量,可用作质控方法。     

葡萄籽中低聚原花青素的提取研究

以葡萄酒生产加工的副产品--葡萄籽为原料提取原花青素,并对影响原花青素提取率的因素,即提取溶剂的选择、提取温度、提取时间及料液比等进行考察,并通过正交试验确定最适的提取条件为以70%丙酮作为提取剂,提取温度为60℃,提取料液比为1:8,提取时间为3h.提取物中原花青素含量可达7.88%.     

苹果中原花青素的提取分离研究

对苹果中原花青素的提取,分离进行了研究.结果表明,水中加入添加剂A后,对苹果中原花青素的提取效果明显提高.当添加剂浓度为0.06%,用6倍于苹果重量的水(pH8)于80℃温度下提取3次,每次90min,水提取苹果原花青素的效果最佳.浸提液经浓缩后,用H型树脂吸附,分离物产率达0.10%,原花青素的含量为70.50%.此外,利用乙酸乙酯苹取及纸层析分析,初步探讨了提取物中原花青素的组成,发现乙酸乙酯相中酚类物质较复杂,其原花青素主要为二聚体,而水相中的原花青素多为高聚体.     

紫外分光光度法测定葡萄籽提取物中的原花青素含量

本文建立了葡萄籽提取物中原花青素的测定方法－紫外分光光度法。本法最低检测限为8.23μg，原花青素浓度在10.4-52.0μg/mL范围内线性相关，r=0。9996，加入浓度为52.0-520μg的原花青素标准溶液时，回收率（n=3)为96.2%-101%，RSD为0.45%-0.67%，符合测定要求。葡萄籽提取物样品经6次分析，平均含量为95.2%，铁盐催化比色法较之略高（99.3%)。本法具有测定准确、稳定、灵敏，操作简便的特点，适用于葡萄籽精提物中原花青素总量的测定。     

葡萄籽提取物原花青素功能及其应用

葡萄籽提取物原花青素作为一种重要的抗氧化剂,已被应用到多种产品领域,体现出较高的经济和保健价值,受到人们的青睐.本文主要阐述了葡萄籽提取物原花青素的性质,功能及其应用.     

2种提取方法对新西兰葡萄籽油品质及其粕中原花青素的影响

为充分利用新西兰葡萄籽油及粕中所含有的原花青素,以新西兰葡萄籽为原料,采用索氏抽提法、超临界CO_2萃取2种方法提取葡萄籽油。分别从油脂的提取率、油品的理化性质、脂肪酸组成、含量及剩余粕原花青素含量等方面对2种提取方法进行比较。结果表明,不同的提取方法会对葡萄籽油的提取率、理化性质、脂肪酸组成、含量及剩余粕中原花青素均有不同程度的影响。索氏抽提法的油脂提取率显著高于超临界CO_2萃取法。从油脂的物理性质上看,2种工艺提取的葡萄籽油的透明度、气味、折光指数、相对密度、水分及挥发物含量、不溶性杂质等物理指标差异不显著;化学指标显示,超临界萃取葡萄籽油的碘值、皂化值、酸值、过氧化物值均优于索氏提取法;脂肪酸组成上,超临界CO_2萃取的葡萄籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量高于索氏提取的油,尤其是亚油酸含量高达73.58%;超临界CO_2萃取后葡萄粕中原花青素含量高于索氏抽提处理后的葡萄籽,达到61.70 g/kg。因此,超临界CO_2萃取法比索氏抽提法更适合葡萄籽油的提取,同时表明超临界CO_2萃取油脂后的葡萄籽渣中含有的原花青素更高,这为超临界CO_2萃取葡萄籽油及其粕中原花青素的提取和高品质保健食品的开发提供了一定的理论依据。     

超频震动膜过滤法在小叶榕叶水提物分离中的应用研究

目的比较传统水提醇沉工艺和超频震动薄膜过滤技术分离浓缩小叶榕叶提取液的效果。方法考察、分析不同孔径A，B，C，D膜的过滤稳定性、通量、有效成分收率及除杂，选择合适的膜及运行参数。结果B孔径膜最适合小叶榕叶有效成分的分离，配合D孔径膜，可使分离浓缩连续进行，工序少，周期短，效率高，成本低，能耗低，安全指数高，膜不易堵塞，膜的保存和再生工序简单。结论此法用于小叶榕叶提取液生产，可替代传统的醇沉分离和加热浓缩中总黄酮的分离，浓缩工艺。     

葡萄籽原花青素结构单元的红外光谱分析

对葡萄籽原花青素粗提物及其纯化物的红外光谱分析发现，在1520～1540cm。有一个峰，从而推断其基本结构单元主要为原花青定（即B环为邻苯二酚）。由于采用体积分数30％乙醇洗脱纯化物除原花青素外还含有一定量的酚酸，而体积分数50％和70％乙醇洗脱纯化物以原花青素（结构单元主要为花青定）为主，因此乙醇洗脱纯化物的红外光谱图在1380～1100cm^-1和750～850cm。有一定差别，而体积分数70％和50％的乙醇洗脱纯化物红外光谱图比较相近，仅在1000～1200cm。处有细微差别．将葡萄籽原花青素在热酸条件下进行醇解，用LC-MS测定其醇解后的基本结构单元，结果表明葡萄籽原花青素醇解产物为矢车菊素，从而证明葡萄籽原花青素基本结构单元为花青定，这与其红外光谱图特征峰的推断相吻合。     

葡萄籽原花青素的纯化与结构研究

将大孔树脂HP-2MGL 和交联葡聚糖凝胶SephadexLH-20 用于葡萄籽原花青素的纯化。HP-2MGL 可除去蛋白、多糖、高聚物等杂质,获得原花青素含量为96.5% 的GSPP3。 SephadexLH-20 能够进一步纯化GSPP3,获得低聚原花青素GSPP3-SP1 和GSPP3-SP2。经HPLC 柱分离,GSPP3-SP1 有4 个峰,GSPP3-SP2 有7 个峰。GSPP3-SP1 和GSPP3-SP2 质谱分析发现,含有大量m/z287、m/z289、m/z290、m/z408、m/z426、m/z577、m/z578、m/z580 等分子离子及碎片质谱信息,证明是由儿茶素和表儿茶素构成的原花青素二聚体的同分异构体。激光光散射与GPC 联用测定原花青素粗提物GSP 的重均相对分子质量为4.15 × 104,多分散系数为1.65;GSPP3 的重均相对分子质量为4.26 × 103,平均聚合度为13,多分散系数为1.56,相对分子质量分布曲线呈对称分布,以高聚合度原花青素为主;葡萄籽原花青素纯化分级级分GSPP3-SP 的重均相对分子质量为1.89 × 103,平均聚合度为6,多分散系数为1.45,以低聚合度原花青素为主。     

葡萄籽中原花青素提取工艺研究

原花青素是葡萄籽中含有的一种重要的生理活性物质。通过对不同溶剂、不同浸提时间、不同乙醇浓度、不同料液比等单因素的浸提效果进行比较分析,确定了最佳的单因素水平。通过正交实验,得出了原花青素提取的最佳工艺条件是:60％乙醇,料液比1∶5,在常温密闭条件下浸提28h。     

辣木籽多酚的分离纯化研究

辣木籽多酚已经被证明有极好的抗氧化功能,为了更好的研究辣木籽多酚的生物活性及理化性质,对提取出的粗提物进一步的分离和去除杂质非常有必要。本研究对超声辅助提取的辣木籽多酚经一步纯化,测定了五种不同类型的大孔树脂中辣木籽多酚的吸附率、解吸率,筛选出分离纯化辣木籽多酚的最佳大孔树脂,采用静态、动态吸附解吸实验研究辣木籽多酚分离纯化的适宜条件。结果表明:D-101大孔树脂效果最好并确定最优的吸附,解吸条件为:样品液pH为5,上样液浓度为3mg/mL,洗脱液为80%的乙醇溶液,上柱流速为2mL/min,洗脱流速为2mL/min,在此条件下得到的辣木籽多酚的纯度由10.37%提高到32.29%。纯化效果明显,对辣木籽多酚的分离纯化提供了指导意义。     

葡萄籽超微粉中多酚成分的检测

对葡萄籽超微粉中的多酚成分进行了分析和测定。儿茶素是葡萄籽多酚中单体的主要成分,又是构成原花青素的主要单体,福林肖卡法测定多酚时采用儿茶素作为对照物来表征葡萄籽多酚含量更准确。经过改进的HPLC方法对没食子酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素三种单体的分离效果较好,具有很好的准确度和精密度,适合于葡萄籽超微粉中的单体检测。经测定,葡萄籽超微粉中,多酚含量10.9%(以儿茶素计),三种单体的总量为1.2%,以总多酚含量减去三种单体总量代表原花青素含量来计算,原花青素含量为9.7%。     

Extraction of Polyphenolics from Plant Material for Functional Foods—Engineering and Technology

Polyphenolic substances or polyphenols include many classes of compounds ranging from phenolic acids, colored anthocyanins, simple flavonoids, and complex flavonoids. Polyphenolics contribute to the bitterness and astringency of fruits and fruit juices due to the interaction between polyphenolics, mainly procyanidins, and the glycoproteins in saliva. Polyphenols contribute largely to cellular processes within the body. In terms of pharmacological activity, they act against the oxidation of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). Hence, they help the body retain important HDL while helping it get rid of problematic low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). In addition, polyphenols have also been found to have antiulcer, anticarcinogenic, and antimutagenic activities. The reason behind these activities is polyphenol's strong antioxidant power because they are able to quench free radicals. Green tea and grape seed extracts provide a superior source of monomers that are relatively inexpensive to extract. Comparatively, pine bark and other fruits extracts have low levels of monomers. Therefore, the nutraceutical industry has focused on optimizing extraction processes for green tea leaves and grape pomace, skins, and seeds. During extraction, a solvent is mixed with the plant material (grape seeds, grape skins, pine bark, or tea leaves). Extraction can be either completed by the addition of a solvent to the sample in a container and then removed by drying, or the solvent can be removed by concentration by ultrafiltration (UF). After any one of these processes, the extract must be dried to obtain a powder form. Alternatively, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) can also be used, which produces the final product as a powder without any use of final drying. Organic solvent extraction is efficient and simple, yet costly. Large amounts of organic solvents are needed. This, in turn, is also detrimental to human use because traces of the organic solvent are present in the polyphenol extract. Polyphenol separation and concentration by membrane separation is even more efficient than organic solvent extraction. Organic solvents are still used but in lower quantities, and UF ensures the purity of the polyphenol extract. The drawback is membrane fouling, which can disrupt the process, and the time it takes to complete the process. The separation process has to be repeated several times. Supercritical fluid extraction is the extraction process of the future. CO₂ is low cost, nontoxic, nonflammable, and noncorrosive, making it the perfect solvent for natural products. In the U.S. market, where $141 million was spent on grape seed products in 1999, it is imperative that safe and efficient extraction procedures are delivered that guarantee a pure polyphenol product.     

硫酸-香草醛法测定葡萄籽原花青素含量

以硫酸作为香草醛法的酸性介质 ,测定葡萄籽提取物水溶液中原花青素含量 ,对硫酸浓度、香草醛浓度、反应温度及时间等影响比色反应的因素进行了研究 ,选择出较适宜的反应条件     

铁盐催化比色法测定葡萄籽超微粉中的原花青素

以正丁醇-盐酸为铁盐催化法的反应介质，测定了葡萄籽超微粉中的原花青素含量。通过对盐酸浓度、水分含量、硫酸铁铵浓度、反应温度及时间等影响比色反应的因素进行研究，确定了最佳的测定条件。本方法准确、灵敏、稳定、操作简便，适用于葡萄籽超微粉中原花青素的含量分析。     

Degradation kinetics of grape skin and seed proanthocyanidins in a model wine system

Catechin (monomer), purified grape skin proanthocyanidin (polymer), and purified grape seed proanthocyanidin underwent monitored accelerated oxidation under continuous oxygenation and UV light, at a constant 20 °C. Compounds were dissolved in model wine solutions with (and without) catechol. Solutions were examined and then contrasted by absorbance measurements, phloroglucinolysis, and subsequent HPLC analysis. Oxidation of these monomers and polymers revealed significant colour changes (measurable increase in colour density). The presence of catechol increased the half-life of catechin, but the opposite was observed for total skin and seed proanthocyanidins. Skin and seed proanthocyanidin degradation half-life decreased with the addition of catechol. In general, based on second order rate reactions, total subunits of seed proanthocyanidin solutions degraded faster than that of skin proanthocyanidin solutions. As expected, there were decreases of measurable phenolics in both monomer and polymer solutions. Under the study conditions, flavanol monomer and polymer oxidation was chiefly dependant upon initial solution concentration.