不同采收期对梅尔诺葡萄和葡萄酒酚类物质及抗氧化活性的影响

在葡萄酒生产控制环节,葡萄原料采收期的确定是影响葡萄酒质量的重要因素之一。通过研究酿酒葡萄主栽品种梅尔诺在不同采收期果实及相应葡萄酒的基本理化成分,主要功能性成分——酚类物质及其抗氧化能力的变化,利用主成分分析法确定梅尔诺的最佳采收期。研究结果显示,葡萄中的总酚、总黄酮、总黄烷醇及总花色苷均在9月30日采收时含量最高,DPPH清除力以及铜离子还原力在9月30日采收时最强,铁氰化钾还原力以及羟自由基清除力在10月6日采收时最强;对于葡萄酒,总酚、总黄酮及总黄烷醇在10月6日含量最高,DPPH清除力、铜离子还原力、铁氰化钾还原力在10月6日采收时最强,总花色苷在10月9日含量最高,羟自由基清除力在10月9日最强。主成分分析结果表明,梅尔诺葡萄的最佳采收期在10月6～9日。     

中国野生刺葡萄冬剪枝条多酚类物质含量及其抗氧化活性研究

为探讨中国野生刺葡萄冬剪枝条的多酚类物质含量及其抗氧化活性,以7种中国野生刺葡萄冬剪枝条为研究对象,利用超声波辅助传统有机溶剂提取法提取多酚物质。分别测定粗提液中总酚、总黄酮、原花色素的含量,采用体外抗氧化活性法测定其DPPH自由基清除能力、羟自由基清除率、铜离子还原力和总还原力,并分析其相关性。结果表明:枝条中总酚、总黄酮、总原花色素含量(以干基计)分别为24.68～32.76、51.03～72.63、36.69～44.41mg/g。DPPH自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率、铜离子还原力和总还原力分别为23.62～28.02mg/g、31.51%～36.11%、47.19～73.28mg/g和39.76～53.80mg/g。中国野生刺葡萄枝条具有较高的酚类物质含量和抗氧化性能,其中还原力与总酚、总黄酮、原花色素含量有较高的相关性(R2>0.9),是具有良好开发前景的天然抗氧化剂及生物药品基料。     

苦荞纳豆酱的抗氧化活性

为研究苦荞纳豆酱总黄酮和总酚的体外抗氧化活性,测定DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS+·清除率、·OH清除率、O2－·清除率和Fe3+还原能力,并且与黄豆酱、甜面酱进行抗氧化活性比较研究。结果表明：苦荞纳豆酱的DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS＋·清除率、·OH清除率、O2 － ·清除率均高于黄豆酱和甜面酱;Fe3+还原能力略低于甜面酱。被测样品的抗氧化活性与总黄酮、总酚的含量有显著相关性（P＜0.01）。     

红树莓果醋酿造过程中抗氧化性能的变化

采用液态深层快速发酵法发酵红树莓果醋,分析红树莓酿造过程中总多酚、总黄酮、花色苷的含量以及1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、羟自由基（·OH）、超氧阴离子自由基（O2－·）清除率的变化。结果表明：总多酚、总黄酮、花色苷的含量先升高后降低,3 种自由基清除率随着醋酸发酵明显升高,醋酸发酵10 d后,总多酚、总黄酮、花色苷含量分别保留了68%、85%、38%,DPPH自由基、O2－·、·OH清除率分别为98.63%、83.82%、78.36%。相关性分析显示总多酚、总黄酮、花色苷含量互为极显著正相关,且与主成分1成很高的负相关;·OH清除率、O2－·清除率、DPPH自由基清除率互为极显著正相关,且与主成分1成很高的正相关。聚类分析将酿造过程分为3 个集群,代表发酵过程中抗氧化性能不同的变化趋势。     

不同豇豆中酚类含量与抗氧化活性

为深入了解豇豆的营养价值,以11个不同品种的豇豆样品为原料,对其总酚含量、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性(总还原能力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除能力、·OH清除能力)进行分析,并讨论酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性的相关性。结果表明,不同品种的豇豆酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性差异显著。在测定的样品中,新杂1号表现出最高的总酚含量(5.59 mg GAE/g)、总黄酮含量(4.12 mg CAE/g)及抗氧化活性(总还原能力和DPPH自由基清除能力);豇豆中总酚含量、总黄酮含量与总还原能力、DPPH自由基清除能力之间有极显著相关性(P0.01),与·OH清除能力之间没有显著相关性。     

10种野菜醇提取物活性成分及抗氧化活性研究

以10种野菜醇提取物活性成分含量及其体外抗氧化为研究目的,选用甲醇为溶剂,热水回流法制备野菜提取物。分别采用Folin-酚法和AlCl3-乙酸钾比色法测定野菜提取物总酚和总黄酮含量,以自由基清除率（1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical,DPPH）、还原力、Fe2+金属螯合力抗氧化体系来评价它们的抗氧化能力。采用高效液相色谱法（High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC）测定提取物主要活性成分含量。研究结果表明：10种供试野菜提取物总黄酮和总酚含量差异显著,总黄酮含量最高的是苦苣菜（85.69±2.33）mg/g,总酚含量最高的是紫苏（151.57±3.96）mg/g。DPPH自由基清除力最强的是香椿;还原力最强的是紫苏;金属螯合力最强的是野芝麻。野菜提取物中含有黄酮、植物酚酸等多种次生代谢成分。10种供试野菜可以作为良好的天然抗氧化剂来源,总酚是野菜提取物的主要抗氧化活性成分。     

烘焙条件对小粒黑豆中抗氧化组分及抗氧化活性的影响

小粒黑豆的抗氧化作用与其所含有的酚类、花色苷的含量等密切相关,而这些物质在加工过程中会受温度和时间的影响而发生变化。实验以盐池黑豆、府谷小黑豆两种小粒黑豆为材料,分析烘焙处理对其总酚、花色苷含量、总抗氧化能力及1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、羟自由基（·OH）、超氧阴离子自由基（O2－·）清除能力的影响。结果表明,烘焙对小粒黑豆的抗氧化活性有显著影响,200 ℃条件下烘焙后的总酚含量显著高于100、150 ℃,150 ℃的总酚含量最低;总花色苷含量随着烘焙温度的升高、处理时间的延长而显著减少;·OH清除作用随着烘焙温度的升高而显著降低;烘焙样品的O2－·清除作用显著低于未烘焙样品（P＜0.05）。盐池黑豆、府谷小黑豆的总酚含量、总抗氧化能力以及DPPH自由基、O2－·的清除作用在150 ℃时最低。200 ℃条件下烘焙30 min,盐池黑豆的总酚含量、总抗氧化能力、DPPH自由基清除率最高;府谷小黑豆在200 ℃条件下烘焙40 min,其总酚含量最高,而100 ℃条件下烘焙20 min时的花色苷含量、总抗氧化能力、DPPH自由基清除率最高。     

苹果梨酚类物质抗氧化活性研究

通过对DPPH 自由基、羟自由基(·OH)和亚硝酸根离子的清除能力实验,测定苹果梨幼果和成熟果果皮中提取的酚类物质抗氧化活性。结果表明：苹果梨酚类物质对DPPH 自由基、·OH 和亚硝酸根离子均有较好的清除效果,其中幼果中提取的酚类物质清除效果要好于成熟果果皮。     

茉莉酸甲酯处理对‘黑比诺’葡萄果皮酚类物质及其抗氧化活性的影响

以甘肃莫高产区黑比诺葡萄为试验材料,于转色初期及1周后在葡萄整株上喷施浓度为1 mmol/L的茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate, MeJA),研究其对葡萄果实中酚类物质含量、抗氧化能力及其抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,MeJA促进了黑比诺果皮中总酚、总花色苷、总类黄酮和黄烷-3-醇的积累,提高了DPPH自由基清除率和铁氰化钾还原力,有效清除了活性氧的积累,且果皮中超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性增强。综上,MeJA能够促进葡萄果皮中酚类物质的积累并提高葡萄果皮中抗氧化能力。     

不同品种薯尖的总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性比较

为筛选出抗氧化活性较高的薯尖品种、为薯尖的开发利用提供理论依据,本研究比较了四种不同品种薯尖(福薯7-6、福薯18、宁菜、7001)的叶、茎尖、柄、茎4个部位的总酚、总黄酮含量。并且以DPPH·清除率、总还原力、·OH清除能力、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力为抗氧化活性衡量指标,分析了4个品种各个部位的抗氧化活性及其与酚类物质含量的相关性。实验表明:4种薯尖的总多酚含量介于4.42~98.15 mg GAE/g DW,总黄酮含量介于0.97~36.17mg RE/g DW,DPPH·清除率介于5.13~53.1 mg trolox/g,总还原力介于5.65~115.00 mg Vc/g,·OH清除能力介于0.04~0.06(Vc mg/g),超氧阴离子清除能力介于27.11%~54.50%;在4个部位间,叶、茎尖的酚类物质含量及相关抗氧化活性总体上显著高于其他部位;4种薯尖中只有福薯7-6和福薯18在叶部位的总黄酮含量无显著差异,且各个品种在茎尖和柄部位的·OH清除能力均无显著差异;总酚、总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性均呈正相关。总而言之,不同品种、不同部位薯尖的总酚、总黄酮含量,以及其抗氧化活性均存在一定差异。经过筛选认为7001品种薯尖的酚类物质含量及其抗氧化能力最高,可作为优质抗氧化剂的资源。     

Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of Chinese raisins produced in Xinjiang Province

Raisins of 9 grape genotypes from Xinjiang Province were evaluated for phenolic composition and dietary antioxidant potential by using several assays, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC), nitrite scavenging capacity (NTSC), potassium ferricyanide reducing power (PFRAP), and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity (HRSC). Desert king had the highest content of total phenolics, total flavonoids, oligo proanthocyanidin, and total flavanols. Significance analysis demonstrated that Desert king had the highest antioxidant capacity in DPPH, CUPRAC, NTSC, and PFRAP. In HRSC, red manaizi showed the highest antioxidant capacity. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid was the predominant phenolic compound in the majority of raisin samples.     

Antioxidant activities of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) pericarp and seed extracts

In this study, we examined the antioxidant activities of red pepper (Capsicum annuum, L.) pericarp and red pepper seed extracts. The extracts were evaluated by various antioxidant assays, including 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, [2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid)] (ABTS) radical scavenging, ferrous chelating activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reducing power, along with the determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. All the extracts showed strong antioxidant activity by the testing methods. The red pepper pericarp extract exhibited strong ferrous chelating activity and high scavenging activity against free radicals, including both the hydroxyl and DPPH radicals, but it exhibited weaker scavenging activity for the superoxide anion radical and for SOD. In contrast, the red pepper seed extract exhibited strong SOD activity and high scavenging activity against the superoxide anion radical, but showed weaker ferrous chelating activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and DPPH radical scavenging. We observed that the reducing power level and ABTS radical scavenging activity of the red pepper seed were higher than those of the red pepper pericarp at the highest tested concentration. Most of the test results for the red pepper seed and red pepper pericarp extracts increased markedly with increasing concentration; however, the metal chelating, SOD and ABTS radical scavenging activities did not increase with the concentration. Highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were obtained from the red pepper pericarp extracts. Overall, the red pepper seed and red pepper pericarp extracts were highly effective for the antioxidant properties assayed, with the exceptions of ferrous chelating activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging and SOD activity.     

三种甘薯发酵酒抗氧化特性研究

通过测定渝紫263、紫薯王以及豫薯王三种甘薯发酵酒中理化指标和酚类物质含量,以及对铁离子还原能力、DPPH自由基清除能力、羟基自由基清除能力,研究了3种甘薯发酵酒的抗氧化特性。结果显示,三种甘薯发酵酒总酚含量分别为247.5 mg/L、200.5 mg/L、63.5 mg/L,渝紫263发酵酒和紫薯王发酵酒的各项酚类物质含量及铁离子还原能力、DPPH自由基清除能力均明显高于豫薯王发酵酒,且三种甘薯发酵酒的羟基自由基清除均明显高于对照组VC。表明三种甘薯发酵酒均具有较强的抗氧化特性。     

Evaluation of reducing power and radical scavenging activities of water and ethanol extracts from sumac (Rhus coriaria L.)

The purpose of this study was to determine the reducing power, metal chelating, and radical scavenging capabilities of water and ethanol extracts of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.), comparatively. The water and ethanol extracts of sumac were evaluated for their radical scavenging activities by means of the DPPH and DMPD assays. Water extract of sumac (R. coriaria L.) scavenged radicals effectively with EC₅₀ values of 36.4 ??g/ml for DPPH free radical and 44.7 ??g/ml for DMPD cation radical. Similarly, the total reducing power of water extract was found higher than ethanol extract in both potassium ferricyanide reduction (FRAP) and cupric ions reduction capacity methods (CUPRAC). 2,2′-Bipyridine was used to determine the metal chelating activity and the result of water extract was found higher than ethanol extract. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of both extracts were studied as well. The values of water extract were found to be higher than that of ethanol extract. The present study found that water extracts of sumac (R. coriaria L.) have effective antioxidant and radical scavenging activities as compared to ethanol extracts.     

干燥方法对番石榴活性物质含量及抗氧化能力的影响

为研究干燥方式、工艺参数对番石榴活性物质含量及抗氧化能力的影响,采用热风干燥、热风-红外联合干燥、真空干燥和真空冷冻干燥技术,比较其对番石榴总酚、黄酮、抗坏血酸含量、清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基能力、清除2,2’-联氮-二（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二铵盐（2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt,ABTS）自由基能力和铁离子还原能力（ferric reducing antioxidant power,FRAP ）以及抑制亚油酸过氧化能力的影响。结果表明,与鲜果相比,干燥后番石榴总酚含量显著增加,黄酮和抗坏血酸含量显著降低（P＜0.05）,抗氧化能力显著降低。真空干燥和真空冷冻干燥得到的总酚、抗坏血酸含量较高,清除自由基及FRAP较高。热风干燥得到的番石榴干制品抑制亚油酸过氧化能力较高。随干燥温度升高,热风和热风-红外联合干燥后的黄酮保留量增加,抗坏血酸含量、清除自由基及FRAP降低。综合来看,真空冷冻干燥和中低温热风干燥（60 ℃和75 ℃）得到的番石榴干制品抗氧化能力较高。Spearman相关性分析表明,DPPH、ABTS、FRAP法测定的抗氧化能力及抗氧化效能综合指数分别与总酚含量的相关系数较高,且DPPH自由基清除能力、抗氧化效能综合指数与总酚含量呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,说明多酚可能是番石榴干制品主要抗氧化物质。     

Antioxidant,Antimicrobial, Antifungal,and Antiradical Activities of Cyclotrichium Niveum (BOISS.) Manden and Scheng

In Turkish kitchen, Cyclotrichium niveum, which is consumed as a dietary supplement, have been extensively used in soup and food for their odor and flavor. The present study examines the possible antioxidant, antimicrobial and radical scavenging capacity of Cyclotrichium niveum (Boiss.) Manden and Scheng. In order to evaluate antioxidant and radical scavenging activity different in vitro methodologies such as 2,2´-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH·) free radical scavenging, total antioxidant activity by ferric thiocyanate, total reducing power by potassium ferricyanide reduction method, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and ferrous ions chelating activities were used. In addition, antimicrobial and antifungal activity of the both extracts tested against twenty five microorganisms. Total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids contents in water extract of Cyclotrichium niveum (Boiss.) Manden. & Scheng (WECN) and ethanol extract of Cyclotrichium niveum (Boiss.) Manden. & Scheng (EECN) were determined.     

Comparative study on antioxidant activity of four varieties of Flammulina velutipes with different colour

Flammulina velutipes is one of the most popular edible mushrooms consumed all around the world. This study evaluates the antioxidant potential of four varieties of F. velutipes with different colour (snowy white, off‐white, yellow, snuff colour) in terms of DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and metal chelating activity. The total phenols, phenolic acid and l ‐ergothioneine contents in the four varieties of F. velutipes were also determined. Extracts from yellow F. velutipes demonstrated better antioxidant activities in DPPH, hydroxyl radical and metal chelating activity and extracts from snowy white F. velutipes showed higher activity in reducing power. However, snuff colour F. velutipes exhibited the lowest antioxidant activity in all the tested assays. The antioxidant activities may be attributed to the higher phenolic acid and l ‐ergothioneine contents as a linear relation was observed between the two components and the antioxidant parameters.     

马兰提取物抗氧化性研究

目的：考查马兰中水提取物和乙醇提取物抗氧化活性。方法：分别以水和乙醇为提取液,探讨马兰中水提取物和乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性,包括还原能力以及清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和H2O2的能力。 结果：提取物主要成分为黄酮类化合物。马兰水提取物的抗氧化活性为：超氧阴离子自由基(IC50 2.2μg/mL)＞H2O2(IC50 2.8μg/mL)＞羟自由基(IC50 5.6μg/mL)＞DPPH自由基(IC50 8.5μg/mL) ＞金属螯合性(IC50 28.0μg/mL)。而马兰乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性为：H2O2(IC50 2.0μg/mL) ＞超氧阴离子自由基(IC50 2.1μg/mL)>羟自由基(IC50 2.5μg/mL)> DPPH自由基(IC50 5.6μg/mL) ＞金属螯合性(IC50 51.2μg/mL)。结论：马兰提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

不同品种荞麦提取物抗氧化作用的研究

本文以苦荞和甜荞籽粒的乙醇提取物为研究对象,在测定其提取物中总酚酸含量的基础上,利用体外法研究了荞麦提取物的还原力,对Fe2+的络合能力,对DPPH自由基的抑制作用以及对羟基自由基的清除作用。结果表明,5个品种的荞麦乙醇提取物均有显著的抗氧化性,呈剂量效应关系,酚酸含量、还原能力、抗氧化能力之间呈正相关。