热敏物料的冷存料复合式分批精馏塔精馏过程

提出了冷存料的复合式分批精馏塔 ,建立了恒摩尔持液数学模型 ,模型计算结果与实验结果吻合良好 ,并对该设备分离热敏物料的可靠性进行了分析 ,结果表明 ,采用冷存料的复合式分批精馏塔分离热敏物料是合适的 .     

多罐复合式分批精馏塔的设计

为了开发多罐复合塔简单易行的设计方法,建立了多罐复合塔的恒摩尔持液模型,并用平衡程度系数概念考察了全回流过程中塔内各板和各罐内接近平衡的情况,在综合考虑所需塔板数和操作时间的基础上提出了设计中确定全回流操作终点的方法,给出了多罐复合式分批精馏塔的设计方法,该方法确定的板数能较好地完成分离任务。     

分批精馏过渡段新型操作方式的研究

提出了一种新型过渡段操作方式———放塔身持液操作,分析了该操作中过渡段结束条件的确定方法,通过实验对过渡段的常规操作方式和放持液操作方式进行了比较,结果表明:后者能有效地克服分批精馏中持液的“飞轮效应”的影响,明显缩短操作时间,降低能耗。该方式操作简单,所需设备易于设计,便于在工业生产中实现,是对传统操作的有效改进。     

带多个中间贮罐的新型分批精馏塔的研究

多罐分批精馏塔由多个分批精馏塔依次连接而成，它只在第一个塔的塔釜加热，在最后一个塔的塔顶设冷凝器。采用恒摩尔持液模型对多贮罐的新型分批精馏塔的研究结果表明：多罐分批精馏塔具有可同时获得多个高纯度产品、无过渡馏分、产率高、操作简单及节能的特点。对多罐分批精馏塔和常规分批精馏塔进行出较的结果显示：采用多罐分批精馏塔分离产品可获得的年利润远高于采用常规分批精馏塔。     

分批精馏过渡段放持液操作方式

The new mode of operation for slop cut withdrawal in batch distillation, i.e., draining Column liquid holdup at the end of slop cut period, was proposed. And the stopping criterion for the operation was investigated, Experiments were carded out with isopropanol-n-propanol binary system and isopropanol-n-propanol-n-butanol ternary system in a distillation column with a liquid collector installed between the reboiler and the column section, Experimental results in a Ф 45mm batch column show that the proposed policy can overcome the flywheel effect caused by column liquid holdup and thus cut down operation time and energy consumption 31%-61%.     

板式精馏塔的操作

本文通过对影响精馏塔因素的分析及异常现象剖析,分析精馏过程从而指导实际操作。     

轻型高效精馏塔的计算机辅助设计

论述了在Win9x操作环境下，用Visual Baisc 6.0可视化语言设计界面，用Microsoft Access建立数据库，用Auto CAD VBA编辑绘图程序，以Auto CAD作为平台，开发设计轻型高效精馏塔辅助设计软件。通过对实际设计结果的检验与试用，该软件具有良好的用户界面、人机对活功能和图形功能，使用简单方便，输入初始条件即可设计并绘制出塔结构图。     

预精馏塔优化操作经验总结

我公司20kt／a甲醇三塔双效精馏工艺系统于2004年底开车，当月即采出符合GB338-92的优质产品。通过对精馏系统的试车、开车和生产操作经验进行总结发现，保证三塔（预塔、加压塔、常压塔）的物料、气液、热量平衡是精馏系统稳定操作的基础，预精馏塔的操作稳定与否更是关系到精馏系统能否正常运行的关键。[第一段]     

间歇精馏新型操作方式的研究进展

本文综述了国内外近年来间歇精馏新型操作方式的研究进展和发展方向,重点介绍了塔顶累积全回流操作、反向间歇精馏塔操作、中间贮罐以及多罐间歇精馏塔操作,阐述了这些新型毛主席匠特点及应用前景。     

新型蒸馏技术及应用

介绍了萃取精馏、共沸精馏、反应 (催化 )蒸馏、吸附蒸馏、膜蒸馏、惰性气体蒸馏、动态高效规整填料塔精馏和分子蒸馏等新型蒸馏技术的基本原理、特点、研究进展和发展方向。     

间歇釜的配置及其优化

系统地从技术经济角度讨论了间歇釜的配置及其优化的程序,即先根据相邻两工序的生产负荷确定各自的方案,然后再从可能的方案组合中,筛选出最经济的衔接方案。     

一种新型多功能阻燃母料

本文介绍一种多功能塑料阻燃母料的研究及其在ＨＩＰＳ，ＡＢＳ，ＰＰ，ＰＥ中的应用。考察了这种母料对基体性能的影响，同时考察了其对基体流变性能和热稳定性能的影响。结果表明，阻燃复合体系不但具有优异的阻燃性能，而且兼有良好的抗静电性，着色性，热稳定性和加工性等功能，具有较大的实用价值。     

粒状赤磷阻燃剂母料的制备及其在工程塑料中的应用

醉评论闰状赤磷阻燃剂母料的制备工艺、母料性能及其在工程塑料中的应用实例。结果表明，这种赤磷阻燃剂母料添加操作方便，无粉尘污染，在达到同样阻燃效果时该母料的添加量比十溴二苯醚少，而且用其阻燃的工程塑料具有较高的机械性能、ＣＴＩ值和良好的电性能。     

Fixed‐Bed and Batch Adsorption of Pharmaceuticals from Aqueous Solutions on Ionic Liquid‐Modified Montmorillonite

Batch and column adsorption of four pharmaceuticals, namely, tetracycline (TC), sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), nalidixic acid (NAD), and chloramphenicol (CHL) on ionic liquid modified montmorillonite (Mt‐IL) was evaluated. The effects of variation in pH and contact time were analyzed and the data were fitted to kinetics and isotherm models. The equilibrium experimental data were best explained by the Freundlich model. A pseudo second‐order kinetic model described all pharmaceuticals adsorbed on Mt‐IL. In column studies, the exchange zone depth, adsorption capacity, the required time for the pharmaceuticals to move through the height of the adsorbent in the column, and adsorption rates were investigated by the Yoon‐Nelson and the Thomas and Adams‐Bohart models.     

案例教学法在《精细化工工艺学》教学中的应用

系统分析和论证了案例教学法的必要性和可行性,举例论述了直接导入案例教学法在精细化学品化学教学中的实施措施。该方法显示了良好的教学效果:激发学生的学习兴趣,增强学生分析问题、解决问题的能力和创新能力,提高了教学效果。     

具有多塔功能的单塔半连续精馏过程研究

提出了具有多塔功能的单塔半连续精馏操作方法。综合了间歇精馏和连续精馏的优点，用一个塔处理多组元复杂料液获得多个产品，同时又避免了传统间歇精馏时料液在釜内受热时间过长的缺点。所用的新型卧式多层薄液蒸发釜，比立式降膜蒸发釜布膜率高，高度低。理论分析和实验结果均表明，该操作方法稳定可靠，对解决热敏性物料的精馏，具有较强的现实意义。     

间歇过滤机最大生产能力的一种新的计算方法

本文通过对间歇过滤机一个操作周期的分析，推导出关于最佳过滤时间和最大生产能力的新的计算公式。     

Fast Batch to Continuous Transposition: Application to the Extraction of Andrographolide from Plants

A fast development method for batch to continuous process transposition is proposed. This method is based on transient regime experiment analyses and is applied to a solid‐liquid extraction. The application under consideration is the extraction of an active principle from a plant in a non‐sinusoidal pulsed column. Typically, the proposed signal is composed of two different periods: firstly, a classical sinusoidal pulsation step is used to mix the liquid and solid phases in the active part of the column and allow an optimal mass transfer and, secondly, an impulsion phase, used generally for the transport of solids. The extraction is carried out in a disc and doughnut column of 54 mm diameter and 3.5 m height. Liquid and solid are flowing co‐currently and downwardly. This technological improvement has been implemented to solve the difficulties due to the significant heterogeneity of the matter: one part tends to float and other to sink, which always leads to a definitive flooding in classical operations. The effects of the solid flow rate and the solvent characteristics on the hydrodynamic behavior of the column are studied. The mean residence time and the total solid holdup are calculated by using a transient regime mass balance on the experimental results. These experiments allow the identification and quantification of opposite effects of the operating parameters. Mass transfer experiments have been performed and the results fit calculated values obtained by coupling the hydrodynamic and batch extraction results. Despite the simplifications made, this validates the fast development method proposed to help batch to continuous transposition.     

An experimental simulation of distillation column concentration profiles using a batch apparatus

There has been a growing interest in the use of residue curves for the preliminary design and sequencing of distillation columns. Residue curves are used not only to predict composition changes in separation processes, but also to determine the feasibility of proposed separations, and flowsheet development (Chem. Eng. Sci. 33 (1977) 281).An experimental technique has been developed for the measurement of these residue curves. (Distillation & absorption ’97, Inst. Chem. Eng. 1 (1997) 187). It can be shown that the time-dependent composition profiles obtained in a modified form of this apparatus are mathematically equivalent to the position-dependent profiles in a continuous distillation column. Hence, it is possible to experimentally simulate a distillation column profile in a small batch apparatus using only small quantities of material.The modified apparatus consists of a still immersed in a heated oil bath so that a liquid feed is continuously supplied to the still. Samples of liquid are then analysed over time using a gas chromatograph. The results from an experimental system have been compared to available information and simulations to determine the accuracy of the apparatus.This technique has several advantages over working with distillation columns, firstly in the sample size required, and secondly in the ease of operation. The method allows quick and low-cost measurements of the concentration variables that model a distillation column. The information obtained this way could prove useful for the selection of feasible systems and for finding minimum reflux requirements. It could also be very valuable for screening of complex systems where only small amounts of material are available and simulations may be very difficult.